Biology EOC Vocabulary- Teacher Key
Pages 17-32
1. Root- The part of the plant that grown downward.
2. Meristems- Zones of actively dividing plant cells, produces new plant
growth.
3. Phloem- soft walled cells that transport organic nutrients throughout the
plant. It is food for the plant.
4. Xylem- hard walled cells that transport water and nutrients throughout the
plant.
5. Cuticle- watertight, waxy covering, which reduces water loss. Does not let
carbon dioxide or oxygen to pass through.
6. Stomata- pores that allow plants to release oxygen and take in carbon
dioxide.
7. Guard Cells- specialized cells that surround the stomata, they open and
close the stomata.
8. Seed- structure that contains the embryo of the plant.
9. Vascular Plants- delete
10. Gymnosperms- seed plants whose seeds do not develop within a sealed
container (fruit). Ex- pine tree / pine cone.
11.Angiosperms- flowering plants that produce a seed that develops within a
structure called a fruit. Ex- Apple tree
12.Cerebrum- Largest part of the brain. Learning, memory, perception, and
intellectual function occur here.
13.Corpus Callosum- allows the right and left cerebral hemispheres to
communicate through a connecting band of axons.
14.Cerebral cortex- most sensory and motor processing occurs here.
15.Cerebellum- regulates balance, posture, and movement.
16.Brain Stem- collection of structures leading down to the spinal cord and
connecting to the cerebral hemispheres with the cerebellum.
17. Lower brain stem- Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. Relays
information throughout the Central Nervous System while maintaining
homeostasis by regulating vital functions -> heart rate, breathing rate,
temperature, and sleep.
18.Thalamus- critical site for sensory processing-> relays all the information to
the appropriate areas of the brain.
19.Hypothalamus- Homeostatic functions, feelings of hunger / thirst, regulates
endocrine system by controlling the secretion of hormones.
20.Medulla Oblongata- lower half of the brainstem. Breathing, swallowing,
heart rate, and involuntary functions (done without thought).
21. Blood vessels- allow for movement of blood to all cells in the body.
22.Circulatory loops- the heart has two of them, responsible for pumping
blood.
23.Pulmonary Circulation Loop- right side of the heart. Pumps oxygen poor
blood through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs.
24.Gas exchange- releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen, occurs in the
lungs.
25.Systematic Circulation Loop- left side, pumps oxygen rich blood through a
network of arteries to the tissues of the body.
26.Blood- consists of plasma (water, metabolites, wastes, salt, and proteins),
RBC’s, WBC’s, and platelets.
27.White Blood Cells- fight infection and disease.
28.Red Blood Cells- carry oxygen.
29. Platelets- helps clot the blood and stop bleeding in a wound.
30. Pathogens- disease causing agents such as bacteria.
31.Lysozyme- enzyme that digests bacterial cell walls.
32.Mucous Membrane- layers of epithelial cells that produce mucus.
33.Mucus- sticky, viscous fluid that serves as a barrier to pathogens and
produces chemical defense.
34. Macrophages- consume pathogens and infected cells.
35.Natural Selection- Individuals have physical or behavioral traits that better
suit their environment are more likely to survive and will reproduce more
successfully. The strong will survive.
36.Evolution- change in a population over time.
37.Adaptation- inherited trait that has become common in a population
because the trait provides a selective advantage.
Add in:
Shoot- part of the plant that grows upward.
Cytotoxic T cells- attack and kill infected cells.
B- Cells- label invaders for later destruction.
Helper T cells- activate cytotoxic cells and B cells.