‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
‫ والصالة والسالم على رسول هللا‬، ‫الحمد هلل‬
Cloud Computing: Benefits and
Challenges
A Seminar Presentation
Presented to the Faculty and Students of Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
Hany H. Ammar
LANE Department of Computer Science and Electrical
Engineering
West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA,
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
1
OUTLINE
• Research Team on Cloud Computing
• What is Cloud Computing ?
–
–
–
–
–
–
Utility Computing
Utility versus Cloud computing
Cluster and Grid Computing
Examples of Campus clouds
Grid and Community Computing
Grid and Cloud Computing
• The West Virginia U. Project
• Benefits of Cloud Computing,
– What can we do with Cloud Computing?
• Challenges of Cloud Computing
• Making the case for Campus Clouds
• Conclusions
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
2
Research Team on Cloud
Computing
Faculty:
• Dr. Matthew Valenti, West Virginia University
• Dr Abdelkarim Erradi, Qatar University
• Prof. Fatma Omara, Dr. hesham Hassan, Dr Sherif
Khattab, Dr Osama Ismael, Cairo University
• Dr. Walid AbdelMoez, Arab Academy of Science and
Techology, Alexandria, Egypt
Students:
Mohammed Said Saleh, Markous M. Yassa, Sana
AbdulJalil, Amr Mahmoud
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
3
What is Cloud Computing
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
4
What is Cloud Computing
 Resource availability is a key factor to achieve
prosperity of any society,
 Particularly important are computing resources
E-Learning, E-Commerce, E-Government, E-Banking
 To attain their full potential, computing resources need
to be efficiently utilized preferably in an aggregated
manner.
 The demand for computing resources can now be met
by utility computing, grid computing, and most recently
cloud computing.
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
5
What is Cloud Computing
Utility Computing
 Utility computing providers rent capacity on computing resources
that they maintain
 Metered computing: analogous to electric power (Pay per use)
 Resources often virtualized and shared by multiple tenants
 Example: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (estimated $60
USD/Month for one EC2 Instance for 24hrs/day-7days/week).
Pay per use option
 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) web service
provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud
 Designed to make web-scale computing easier for
developers.
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
6
What is Cloud Computing
Utility versus Cloud computing
 Cloud computing not only provides raw computing resources,
but also hosts the applications that use these resources.
 Applications usually accessed via a web browser.
 User data typically stored on provider's file systems.
 Underlying computing infrastructure concealed from user.
 Example: gmail servers are concealed from users
 Cloud Computing middleware systems are available for building
clouds and their applications (e.g., Eucalyptus and Hadoop)
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
7
What is Cloud Computing
Cluster and Grid Computing
 A cluster is a collection of tightly coupled
computing servers.
 Usually co-located.
 A computing grid is a distributed collection of
computing servers.
 While the servers may be dedicated resources, they could
be borrowed from idle desktop computers.
 A grid middleware system is needed to support the
development and assessment of service-oriented grid
systems and applications (e.g., CROWN-C)
http://www.wrgrid.org.uk/Resources/Leaflets/WRG_COLAB_Sept2007.pdf
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
8
Example: University of Florida Campus Grid
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
9
Example: University of California Campus Grid
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
10
The WVU Cloud Computing
Project
 A research team at West Virginia University led by Dr. Mat Valenti has been
developing a cloud computing resource for the purpose of scientific computing
 by running a Matlab compute engine applications on underutilized computers
located in the student computer labs and computer classrooms
Frontier CC middleware
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
11
What is Cloud Computing
Grid and Community Computing
 Community computing projects assemble a grid of
donated CPU resources using volunteers idle cycles
 Example: The BOINC software by UC Berkley is an Opensource software for volunteer computing and grid
computing.
 BOINC lets you donate your idle computer time to science
projects like SETI@home, Climateprediction.net,
Rosetta@home, Folding@home, World Community Grid,
and many, Folding@home (http://boinc.berkeley.edu/download.php)
 Uses Screensavers (windows) or low-priority process (linux)
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
12
What is Cloud Computing
Grid and Cloud Computing
 Resource Sharing:
 Grid enhances fair sharing of resources across organization.
 Cloud provide resources according to demand so no actual
sharing of resources due to the isolation through virtualization
 Virtualization:
 Grid: virtualization covers both data and resources (flat file and
database).
 Cloud adds virtualization for hardware resources too
 Security:
 Grid: security is not seriously explored.
 Cloud: Each user has a unique access to the virtualized
environment
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
13
What is Cloud Computing
Grid and Cloud Computing
 Usability:
 Clouds are easily usable hiding the deployment details from the
user.
 Grid: hard to manage
 Payment model:
 Cloud use pay- per use model.
 Grid fixed rate per service.
 Scalability
 Both Grid and cloud deals with scalability
 Heterogeneity:
 Both cloud and grid support aggregation of heterogonous
hardware and software.
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
14
OUTLINE
• Research Team on Cloud Computing
• What is Cloud Computing ?
• Benefits of Cloud Computing,
– What can we do with Cloud Computing?
• Challenges of Cloud Computing
• Making the case for Campus Clouds
• Conclusions
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
15
Benefits of Cloud Computing
 Cloud computing is a model that supports everything as a service
(XaaS), e.g, the X changes to an I for,
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Physical resource set (PRS):
is hardware dependent or vendor dependent
Virtual resource set (VRS): is built on top of PRS to
run in multivendor cloud
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
16
Benefits of Cloud Computing
 Platform as a service (PaaS): Java or .NET
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
17
Benefits of Cloud Computing
 Software as a service (SaaS): e.g Gmail, Google Docs, Matlab,
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
18
Benefits of Cloud Computing
 Human as a service (HaaS): Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk)
is one of the suites of Amazon Web Services, a crowdsourcing
marketplace that enables computer programs to coordinate the
use of Human Intelligence to perform Tasks (HITs) which
computers are unable to do
 Workers can work at home and make money by choosing from
thousands of posted HITs.
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
19
Benefits of Cloud Computing
The Big Picture of the Cloud Layered Architecture
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
20
Benefits of Cloud Computing
 The Provided services in the Cloud are the following:




Virtualized physical resources,
Virtualized infrastructure,
Virtualized middleware platforms
Virtualized business applications
 Cloud computing reduces the need for advanced hardware on the
clients side
 Clients can use inexpensive small Net Books and virtually have the
processing power of an expandable Grid computing system
 No need to buy a set of software or software licenses
 Data is no longer confined to the user's hard drive, will be able to access
data and applications from anywhere at any time. There is no more lost
data due to hard drive failures
 Corporations would save money on IT support, and No need for space to
house expensive hardware and software servers.
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
21
OUTLINE
•
•
•
•
Research Team on Cloud Computing
What is Cloud Computing ?
Examples of Campus clouds
Benefits of Cloud Computing,
– What can we do with Cloud Computing?
• Challenges of Cloud Computing
• Making the case for Campus Clouds
• Conclusions
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
22
Challenges of Cloud Computing
 Providing Support for both Service Users and Service Providers
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
23
Challenges of Cloud Computing
 Service Providers: Development Services, or Build
and Test Services,
 Software Engineering Methodologies and tools
 How to manage clouds for Application Lifecycle Management
 The Cloud manager can limit projects to certain clouds, control
costs, manage security, or supplement resources during peak use
 Service Users: easily usable clouds, hiding the
deployment details from the user using virtualization,
 Security and privacy are the biggest concerns
 Cost accounting data , and usage tracking for Multiple
Clouds
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
24
Challenges of Cloud Computing:
Build and Test Workflow, Challenges at all three levels
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
25
Challenges of Cloud Computing:
Build and Test Tasks Require complex environments
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
26
Challenges of Cloud Computing
Model-Driven Design
Interdisciplinary
Development teams:
End-to-End
Collaboration &
Change Management
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
27
Challenges of Cloud Computing
Cloud Management and Control
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
28
Challenges of Cloud Computing
Examples of Current Support for IaaS
 Apache Hadoop: A Java software framework that
supports data-intensive distributed applications and
enables applications to work with thousands of nodes
and large amounts of data. http://hadoop.apache.org/
 Nimbus is an open-source toolkit that, once installed
on a cluster, provides an infrastructure as a Service
cloud to its client via WSRF-based or Amazon EC2
WSDL web service APIs, http://www.nimbusproject.org/
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
29
Challenges of Cloud Computing
Examples of Current Support
AbiCloud Supports SaaS
http://abicloud.org/display/abiCloud/Home
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
30
Challenges of Cloud Computing
Examples of Current Support
enStratus Supports SaaS, ReliaCloud Supports IaaS
 enStratus is a SaaS-based system for managing cloud
infrastructures across multiple providers
http://www.enstratus.com/
 enStratus focuses on the deployment and ongoing
management of transactional database applications in clouds
like Amazon Web Services and ReliaCloud.
 The main features of enStratus include cloud security and
availability management.
 ReliaCloud provides virtual Servers deployed within a
virtualization environment that is architected to maximize
uptime and performance. http://www.reliacloud.com/
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
31
Challenges of Cloud Computing
Examples of Current Support for PaaS and IaaS
 Sun Cloud is an on-demand Cloud computing service
operated by Sun Microsystems. The Sun Cloud Compute
Utility provides access to a substantial computing
resource over the Internet for US$1 per CPU-hour.
 The Rackspace Cloud is a web application hosting/cloud
platform provider ("Cloud Sites") that bills on a utility
computing basis. It has branched out into cloud storage
("Cloud Files") and cloud infrastructure ("Cloud
Servers"), http://www.rackspacecloud.com/
 Kaavo provides solutions for deploying and managing
on-demand applications and workloads in the cloud.
http://www.kaavo.com/home
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
32
OUTLINE
•
•
•
•
Research Team on Cloud Computing
What is Cloud Computing ?
Examples of Campus clouds
Benefits of Cloud Computing,
– What can we do with Cloud Computing?
• Challenges of Cloud Computing
• Making the case for Campus Clouds
• Conclusions
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
33
Making the case for Campus Clouds
 College Campuses maintain significant Infrastructure
of computing resources in computing Labs
 This infrastructure is under utilized (many students
use laptops and Net Books)
 Service Providers and Users are in need for
inexpensive computing resources
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
34
Making the case for Campus Clouds
 Developing IaaS Campus cloud project aggregating the
computing resources of multiple college campuses
would provide the following benefits:
 Providing extra Revenue to colleges from service providers and
businesses
 Providing students with an environment for learning the concepts of
cloud computing
 Providing college systems maintenance team (professionals and
students) with the experience of dealing with Cloud service
providers and Cloud users
 Provides stronger ties between academia and industry
 Motivates the Industry to invest in academic computing resources
 Academic research will benefit from Campus clouds
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
35
Conclusions
 Cloud computing has emerged to provide inexpensive
on-demand pay per use computing resources
 Cloud computing is closely related to grid computing
and utility computing.
 Software Engineering Methodologies and tools are
needed for cloud developers (Cloud-based ServiceOriented Engineering)
 Security and privacy are the biggest concerns of
cloud computing users and developers
 Campus Clouds can bring revenue for computing
resources, enhance student learning, strengthen ties
with Industry, and enhance academic research.
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
36
‫وجزاك ُم هللاُ خيرا‬
Al-Imam University
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, May 31, 2010
37