Wheelock Ch. IV
Second Declension Neuters; Adjectives;
Present Indicative of sum; substantives
2nd Declension Neuter (donum,
donī)
Singular
Plural
Nominative
-um
dōnum
-a
dōna
Genitive
-ī
dōnī
-ōrum
dōnōrum
Dative
-ō
dōnō
-īs
dōnīs
Accusative
-um
dōnum*
-a
dōna*
Ablative
-ō
dōnō
-īs
dōnīs
*Neuter Rule: For every neuter noun, the
nominative and accusative have the same form
Adjectives
•
•
Remember, adjectives must agree with the
nouns they modify in number, gender, and
case.
1st/2nd declension adjectives have three
different sets of endings depending on
gender:
Magnus, -a, -um --> magnus, magna, magnum
o Meus, -a, -um
o Multus, -a, -um
o
Of course, they decline as 2nd masculine, 1st,
and 2nd neuter, respectively
Practice
Decline the following noun/adjective pairs.
bāsium, -ī; bonus, -a, -um
cūra, -ae; parvus, -a, -um
ager, agrī; magnus, -a, -um
•
•
•
Pick one pair and translate it.
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
Plural
Present Tense:
Sum, esse, fuī, futurum = to be
Singular
First
Person
sum
I am
2nd
Person
es
You are
3rd
Person
est
He/she/it is
(there is)
N.B. THESE ARE NOT ENDINGS!
their own right.
Plural
sumu
s
we are
estis you all are
sunt
they are
(there
They are wordsare)
in
Translate
1. Bellus sum.
2. Malus est.
3. Bella es.
4. Malī estis.
5. Sumus bellī.
6. Mala sunt.
Predicate Nominatives
Each sentence consists of a subject and a
predicate.
When using forms of sum, the predicate
agrees with the subject in number, case, and
(almost always) gender.
Vergilius est amicus. Virgil is a friend.
Vergilius est poeta.
Virgil is a poet.
Vergilius est magnus. Virgil is great.
•
•
•
I prefer to think of treating sum as an equal
sign.
Substantives
Sometimes adjectives do not modify a noun but
stand in for a noun. This is called a
substantive.
"The meek shall inherit the earth." --Psalm 37:11
"For I was envious of the arrogant when I saw
the prosperity of the wicked." --Psalm 73:3
"O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave,
o'er the land of the free and the home of the
brave?"
Substantives
Sometimes adjectives do not modify a noun but
stand in for a noun. This is called a
substantive.
In Latin, we may supply man/men,
woman/women, or thing/things depending on
the gender and number of the adjective:
Bonās laudant. They praise the good women.
Multī sunt stultī. Many (men) are foolish.
•
•
1. 2nd-declension neuter has the same forms
as the masculine except in what three
instances?
2. Translate the following neuter nouns:
a.
b.
c.
d.
bella
bellum
officium
officiīs
3. Given these nominative forms, change
endings to make them fit the given cases:
a.
b.
c.
bellum parvum into accusative plural
perīculum magnum in genitive sing. and gen. plural
officium vērum into ablative singular
Translate. Identify any
substantives.
1. Fortūna est caeca.
2. Sī perīcula sunt vēra, īnfortūnātus es.
3. Tuae fīliae bellae nōn sunt.
4. Remedium īrae est mora.
5. Īnfīnītus est numerus stultōrum.
Practice
1. In magnō perīculō sumus.
2. Vīta nōn est sine ōtiō.
3. Rōmam et Rōmānī amō.
4. Paucī amīcī sunt vērī.
The Rarity of Friendship
Paucī virī vērōs amīcōs habent, et paucī sunt
dignī. Amīcitia vēra est praeclāra, et omnia
praeclāra sunt rāra. Multī virī stultī dē pecūniā
semper cōgitant, paucī dē amīcīs; sed errant:
possumus valēre sine multā pecūniā, sed sine
amīcitiā nōn valēmus et vīta est nihil.
--Cicero, Dē Amīcitiā
Dignus,-a,-um = worthy
amicitia, -ae = friendship
omnia = all things
possumus = we are able
Wheelock Chapter 4 Quiz (Vocabulary)
1. donum, donī
5. oculus, oculī
2. exitium, exitiī
6. malus, -a, -um
3. nihil
7. verus, -a, -um
4. officium, officiī
8. cura, -ae
Place filler
9. A good debater can stultify his opponent, tearing apart the
opponent’s arguments and making him look like a __________.
10. An atom bomb can annihilate a whole city,
reducing it to _________.
11. An official moratorium resulted in a ______ in the
proceedings.
1. Conjugate and translate sum, esse, fuī, futurum
in the present tense. (12 points)
2. Decline bellum, bellī. (10 points)
3. Translate all forms of #2. (5 points)
4. Translate the following sentences into English
(2 points each):
a. In magnō perīculō sumus.
b. Sī perīcula sunt vera, infortunatus es.
c. Sine amīcitiā, vita est nihil. (amīcitia, -ae =
friendship)
d. Fortuna est caeca.
e. Tuae fīliae nōn sunt bellae.