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OLH Unit 1
Introduction
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Words to Master
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antīqua, adj., ancient, old (antique)
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et, conj., and; et…et, both…and
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lāta, adj., broad, wide (latitude)
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lingua, -ae, f., tongue, language (linguist)
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māgna, adj., large, great (magnitude)
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multa, adj., much; pl., many (multitude)
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nōn, adv., not (nonentity)
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puella, -ae, f., “girl”
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pulchra, adj., pretty, beautiful (pulchritude)
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sed, conj., but
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via, -ae, f., road, street, way (viaduct)
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villa, -ae, f., farmhouse, country house, farm (villa)
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Sentence Patterns
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Via est (is) via Rōmāna (Roman).
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Via Rōmāna nōn est lāta.
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Via Rōmāna nōn est lāta sed est pulchra.
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Viae Rōmānae sunt (are) pulchrae sed sunt antīquae.
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Multae villae Rōmānae sunt magnae et pulchrae.
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Lingua Rōmāna est antīqua et pulchra.
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Viae et villae et puellae Rōmānae sunt pulchrae.
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The farmhouse is a Roman farmhouse.
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The Roman farmhouse is large and beautiful.
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Many farmhouses are broad and large.
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The Roman language is ancient, but it is (est) beautiful.
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The streets are not wide, but they are pretty.
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The Genitive Case
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The possessive case
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In English, possession or ownership is indicated by the letter
-s, used as either as –’s or –s’
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the farmer’s cottage/the cottage of the farmer (singular)
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the farmers’ cottage/the cottage of the farmers (plural)
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Possessive Adjectives
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mea: my
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tua: your (sing.)
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nostra: our
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vestra: your (pl.)
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Person, Number, and Gender
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Person
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1st Person: I, we
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2nd Person: you
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3rd Person: he, she, it, they
Number
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Singular (1)
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Plural (more than 1)
Gender
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Masculine
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Feminine
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Neuter
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Words to Master
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domina, -ae, f. “mistress, lady”
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fēmina, -ae, f. “woman” (feminine)
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incola, -ae, m. & f. “inhabitant” (colony)
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īnsula, -ae, f. “island” (insulate)
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lībera, adj. “free” (liberate)
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paene, adv. “almost”;
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paenīnsula, -ae, f. “peninsula”
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parva, adj., “small, little”
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patria, -ae, f., “fatherland, country, native land” (repatriate)
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-que, conj. “and”
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rēgīna, -ae, f. “queen”
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serva, -ae, f., “female slave, handmaid” (servile)
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terra, -ae, f. “earth, land, country” (territory)
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Sentence Patterns
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Amērica, patria nostra, est terra lībera māgnaque.
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Hibernia, terra lībera, est īnsula parva sed pulchra.
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Īnsula tua, Ō Rēgīna, est pulchra et lībera!
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Domina est incola Ītaliae; māgnae paenīnsulae.
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Patria mea est paenīnsula; patria tua nōn est paenīnsula.
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Homework: Translate into Latin
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The inhabitants of America are free.
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Beautiful Italy is almost an island.
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Greece, a country of Europe, is a small peninsula.
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The women of our native land are beautiful.
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O Lady, your slaves are small; my slaves are large.
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Verbs
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A verb is the MOST IMPORTANT word of a Latin sentence
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Linking Verbs
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Do not express feeling or action
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Verbs that LINK the subject with a noun or adjective in the
predicate
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*Nouns or adjectives that follow linking verbs are ALWAYS
nominative and agree with the subject
Action Verbs
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It tells what the subject does or what is done to the subject
Express action
Agreement
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A verb must agree with its subject in person (1st/2nd/3rd) and
number (singular/plural)
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Personal Endings
Singular
Plural
1st Person
-ō or -m (I)
-mus (we)
2nd Person
-s (you-s)
-tis (you-pl)
3rd Person
-t (he/she/it)
-nt (they)
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Conjugation of the verb SUM “to
be”
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SUM facts about SUM
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Any form of the verb sum may be used to link the predicate
noun or adjective with the subject
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The predicate nominative agrees with the subject in case, and
usually in gender and number
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The predicate adjective agrees with the subject in gender,
number, and case
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E.g., Italia est paeninsula. Italy is a peninsula.
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E.g., Europa et America sunt magnae. Europe and America are
large.
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Practice
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Hibernia et Britannia sunt insul__.
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Patria nostr__ est terr__ liber__.
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Vit__ mea in silv__ magnā est libera.
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Non sum puell__ parv__.
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Estis amicae nostr__.
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Sum fili__ laeta agricol__.
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Es quoque amic__ naut__.
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In cas__ sunt multae serv__.