TPJ 3MI – HEALTH CARE
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY STUDY QUESTIONS
Complete the following:
1. What term means:
a. Chewing:____________________
b. Swallowing:__________________
c. Gastric mixing movements: __________________
d. Ball of food formed in the mouth:__________________
e. Liquid paste formed by food and gastric juice:___________________
f. Wave-like smooth muscle contractions that move food: ____________________
2. Answer the following questions about the stomach:
a. The stomach connects to the esophagus at the:__________________
b. The stomach connects to the duodenum at the: ____________________
c. The enzyme found in the stomach to digest protein is____________________
3. Answer the following questions about the gallbladder:
a. The gallbladder is located on the underside of the __________________.
b. The gallbladder concentrates and ________bile.
c. The bile flows through the ______________and into the small intestine where it
____________fat.
d. The principal pigment(color) of bile is______________.
4. Name the 3 sections (in order from proximal to distal) of the SMALL INTESTINE.
a.
b.
c.
5. What are the 2 major functions of the small intestines?
1.
2.
6. List the 3 major functions of the large intestines:
1.
2.
3.
7. Describe the differences between chemical and mechanical digestion:
8. List the 3 pairs of salivary glands?
a.
b.
c.
9. Describe the functions of SALIVA.
10. Describe how the respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to supply oxygen
and remove carbon dioxide:
11.The uppermost portion of the pharynx is called the___________________. The middle
portion of the pharynx is called the __________________. The lower portion of the pharynx is
called the ________________.
12. The larynx is commonly known as the ______________. It connects the
_______________with the ________________. The larynx is composed of nine pieces of
______________. The major portion is known as the __________________ which is
nicknamed the Adam's Apple. The opening through the larynx is called the
____________________. The "lid" to the larynx is called the ________________ which closes
the larynx during swallowing. The ___________cords produce sound.
13. The trachea is commonly known as the ______________. It is located _______________to
the esophagus. The trachea is lined with _______________and is held open by
_________________.
14. What respiratory tubes found in the lungs are lined with epithelial tissue and help open
varying amounts of cartilage?
15. What respiratory tubes are smaller, connect the bronchi to the alveolar ducts and contain no
cartilage?
16. Blood flow through the heart
Complete the description of blood flow through the heart:
Blood returns back to the heart by way of the Superior and Inferior (1)___________ ________
enters the (2)______________atrium, then flows through the tricuspid valve and into the
(3)Right _______________. From there, the deoxygenated blood flows past the pulmonary
semilunar valves and into the (4)________________ arteries where it is sent to the Right and
Left (5) ___________. Here oxygen is picked up by the blood and carbon dioxide is released,
the blood is then sent back through the (6)_________________veins and is emptied in to the
(7)__________________atrium of the heart. Blood continues to flow through the
(8)_______________valve and into the (9)Left _________________.
From here, the blood will flow past the aortic semilunar valve and into the
(10)___________(largest artery)where it supplies the body with much need oxygenated blood.
17. The body's entire blood supply is circulated around the body at rest every
_________________minutes.
Answer the following questions:
18. Name the 6 things transported by the cardiovascular system:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
19. What chambers of the heart receive blood from veins?
20. What chambers of the heart are known as the pumping chambers?
21. What is the name of the blood vessel that brings venous(deoxygenated)blood from the
head, neck and arms into the right atrium?
22. What is the name of the blood vessel that brings venous (deoxygenated)blood from the
abdomen and legs into the right atrium?
23. What is the name of the blood vessels that take deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle
to the lungs?
24.What is the name of the blood vessels that take oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left
atrium?
25.The largest artery in the body extends from the left ventricle and is called the
______________. Name the ARTERIES which extend off this artery and supply the following
areas:
Supplies blood to the myocardium:__________________
Supplies blood to the right arm and right side of the head:______________
Supplies blood to the left arm:_________________
Supplies blood to the left side of the head: ___________________________
26. What vessels carry blood AWAY from the heart?
27. What vessels carry blood to the heart?
28. What vessels are responsible for gas and nutrient exchange with each of the body's cells?
29. Match the appropriate description to the definition: (One word will be used more than once)
A-Afferent lymphatic vessels
B-Efferent lymphatic vessels
C-Hilus
D-Fibrous capsule
E-Linual tonsils
F-Spleen
G-Lymphocyte
H-Lymphoid Tissue
I-Thymus
J-Peyer's patches
K-Phayngeal tonsils
L-White pulp
M-Palatine Tonsils
N-Red pulp
1_____Special connective tissue in all lymph organs
2._____Type of white blood cells in all lymph organs
3._____Vessels that enter the lymph node
4._____The concave margin of the lymph node
5._____Vessels that leave the lymph node
6._____The "shell" around the lymph node
7._____The largest of the lymphatic organs
8._____Functions in removing defective red blood cells from the blood
9._____In children, this gland promotes the maturation of lymphocytes
10._____The area of the spleen filled with red blood cells
11.______The area of the spleen filled with white blood cells
12._____Lymphatic organs located on the back end of the palate in the mouth
13._____Lymphatic organs located in the nasopharynx
14._____Lymphatic organs located at the base of the tongue
15._____Clusters of lymphoid tissue in the distal end of the wall of the small intestine
30. Define ANTIGEN
31. Define ANTIBODIES
32. Matching: Match the type of T-cell with the description that best identifes the particular Tcell's role within the body:
A-Killer T-Cells
B-Helper T-Cells
C-Suppressor T-Cells
D-Memory T-Cells
_____Modulates the reaction of other lymphocytes inhibiting their activity
_____Stores information about a specific antigen for the next encounter
_____Produces lymphotoxins which rupture non-self cells,especially effective at
destroying virus infected cells, cancer cells and other foreign cells.
_____Stimulates the defense activity of other lymphocytes, orchestrates the defensive
activity of the body
33. Where do T-cells develop and mature?
34. Where do B-cells develop and mature?
35.List the 6 structures most commonly associated with the lymphatic system and describe their
location
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
36. The lymphatic network begins with microscopic tubes known as:
a. Lymph vessels
b. Lymphatic capillaries
c. Protein Filaments
d. Lymphatic ducts
37. The lymphatic capillaries are found:
a. Among vascular capillary beds
b. In the brain
c. In the spinal cord
d. In bone tissue
38. What prevents lymph from leaking into extracellular spaces?
a. Valves
b. Overlapping endothelial cells
c. Low pressure in the capillaries
d. Gaps between the endothelial cells
39. Which of the following is most like lymphatic vessels in structure?
a. Capillaries
b. Veins
c. Venules
d. Collecting ducts
40. Which of the following is NOT true of lymph nodes?
a. They gradually increase in size and eventually merge into collecting ducts
b. They are small
c. They are generally oval in shape
d. They receive and pass on lymph by way of lymphatic vessels
41. Arrange the following lymphatic vessels in sequences from smallest to largest or most distal
to most proximal within the lymphatic system:
Collecting ducts
Lymphatic capillaries
Lymphatic vessels
42. List and describe the four components of blood:
a.
b.
c.
d.
43. In an adult, where are blood cells made?___________
44. What are the technical names for RED BLOOD CELLS, WHITE BLOOD CELLS, and
PLATELETS?
45. Explain the function of Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Platelets:
46. Which one is whole blood minus cells and the clotting elements such as fibrinogen?
Plasma or Serum
47. What term refers to the stoppage of bleeding?
48. Match the following:
Group A:
adrenaline
iodine
myxedema
insulin
goiter
amino acid
parathyroid hormone
releasing hormone
1.Any enlargement of the thyroid gland;___________________
2.A building block of protein hormones: __________________
3.A hormone that lowers the level of sugar in the blood: _________________
4.The chemical element that is needed for the manufacture of
thyroxine:______________________
5.A secretion that raises the level of calcium in the blood:____________________
6.The common name for epinephrine:____________________
7.A secretion from the hypothalamus that stimulates activity of the anterior lobe of the
pituitary:______________________
8.The condition caused by underactivity of the thyroid gland in the adult:_________________
Group B
Epinephrine
luteinizing hormone
aldosterone
antidiuretic hormone
estrogen
somatotropin
ACTH
kidney
1.The main hormone of the adrenal medulla that, among other actions, raises blood pressure
and increases the heart rate: __________________
2.The anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex:__________________
3.A female sex hormone that most nearly parallels male testosterone in its action:
_________________
4.The hormone from the adrenal cortex that regulates the reabsorption of sodium and
potassium in the kidney tubules: _______________________
5.The organ that produces erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates production of red blood
cells: _____________
6.A gonadotropic hormone: __________________
7.An alternate name for growth hormone: ________________
8.The hormone produced in the posterior lobe of the pituitary that regulates water reabsorption
by the kidney: _________________
Group C
parathyroids
hormone
cretinism
adrenal
islets
pineal
hypothalamus
thyroid
1.The largest of the endocrine glands, located in the neck: ____________________
2.A substance produced by an endocrine gland: _________________
3.The endocrine gland composed of a cortex and medulla, each with specific functions:
____________________
4.The tiny glands located behind the thyroid gland:_______________________
5.The part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland:__________________
6.A condition that results from underactivity of the thyroid gland in infants and
children:________________
7.The groups of hormone-secreting cells scattered throughout the
pancreas:___________________
8.The gland in the brain that is regulated by light:____________________
Group D
pituitary
suprarenal
thyroxine
negative feedback
calcitonin
medulla
melatonin
target tissue
1.Another name for the adrenal gland:________________
2.The specific cells on which a hormone works: ____________________
3.The hormone produced by the thyroid gland that is active in calcium metabolism:
_________________
4.The self-regulating mechanism that controls hormone production: ____________________
5.The endocrine gland that is divided into an anterior and a posterior lobe:_________________
6.The inner part of the adrenal gland: ___________________
7.The hormone produced by the pineal gland: ___________________
49. Identify the 3 functions of the Endocrine System:
50. Define Hormone and describe how a hormone functions in the body:
51. Explain where the following Glands are located and which hormone(s) they release:
Pituitary
Thymus
Pineal
Thyroid
Placenta
Testes
Heart
Ovaries
52. Match the following information about the Ear
Group A:
Oval Window
Ossicles
Perilymph
Mastoid air cells
Pinna
Eustachian Tube
Typmanic Membrane
Endolymph
1.The passageway that connects the middle ear cavity with the throat:
________________________
2.The fluid contained within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear:
_____________________
3.Another name for the projecting part, or auricle of the ear: ____________________
4.The scientific name for the eardrum: _________________
5.The membrane-covered space that conducts sound waves from the stapes to the fluid of the
inner ear:__________________
6.The spaces within the temporal bone that connect with the middle ear cavity through an
opening:_____________________
7.The fluid of the inner ear contained within the bony labyrinth and surrounding the
membranous labyrinth: ________________________
8.The three small bones within the middle ear cavity:_______________________
Group B
Endorphin
oculomotor nerve
optic nerve
vestibule
cochlear duct
equilibrium
opthalmic nerve
cochlear nerve
1.The entrance area that communicates with the cochlea and that is next to the oval
window:__________________
2.The branch of the 5th cranial nerve that carries impulses of pain, touch and temperature from
the eye to the brain:_____________________
3.A pain reliever naturally released from the brain:_____________________
4.The location of the organ of hearing: __________________
5.The largest of the three cranial nerves that carry motor fibers to the eyeball
muscles:______________________
6.The sense that is located in the semicircular canals and the
vestibule:______________________
7.The branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve that carries hearing impulses: _________________
8.The nerve that carries visual impulese from the retina to the brain: ____________________
53. Match the following about EYES
Group A
Vitreous Body
Accommodation
Aqueous humor
Cornea
Rods
Retina
Choroid
Cones
1. The vascular, pigmented middle tunic of the eyeball___________________
2.The jellylike material located behind the crystalline lense that maintains the spherical shape of
the eyeball__________________
3.The innermost coat of the eyeball, the nervous tissue layer that includes the receptors for the
sense of vision__________________
4.The vision receptors that are sensitive to color_________________
5.The watery fluid that fills much of the eyeball in front of the crystalline
lense____________________
6.The part of the eye that light rays pass through first as they enter the
eye______________________
7.The process by which the lens becomes thicker to bend light rays for near
vision____________________
8.The vision receptors that function in dim light ________________________
Group B
Conjunctiva
Receptor
Optic disk
Pupil
Sclera
Iris
Ciliary Body
Media
1.The colored part of the eye that regulates the size of the pupil____________________
2.The tranparent refracting parts of the eye________________
3.The muscle that alters the shape of the lense for accommodation____________________
4.The opaque outermost layer of the eyeball made of firm, tough connective
tissue_____________________
5.Another name for the blind spot, the region where the optic nerve connects with the
eye____________________
6.The central opening in the iris_________________
7.The membrane that lines the eyelids__________________
8.A part of the nervous system that detects a stimulus__________________
Group C
rhodopsin
refraction
extrinsic
lacrimal gland
cataract
intrinsic
ophthalmia neonatorum
trachoma
fovea centralis
1.An opacity of the lens or its capsule________________
2.A serious eye infection of the newborn that can be prevented with a suitable
antiseptic____________________
3.Term that describes the muscles of the iris and ciliary body because they are located entirely
within the eyeball__________________
4.A structure that produces tears__________________
5.The bending of light rays so that light from a large area can be focused on a small
surface________________
6.A chronic eye infection for which antibiotics and proper hygiene have reduced the incidence of
reinfection and blindness______________________
7.Term for the muscles located outside the eyeball that are attached to bones of the orbit and to
the sclera_______________________
8.The depressed area in the retina that is the point of clearest vision_____________________
9.A pigment needed for vision______________________
Group D
strabismus
hyperopia
sphincter
glaucoma
macular degeneration
astigmatism
myopia
crystalline lens
1.Eye disorder in which materials accumulate on the retina and gradually cause loss of
vision_________________
2.The scientific name for nearsightedness, in which the focal point is in front of the retina and
distant objects appear blurred________________
3.The part of the eye that is removed in treatment of a cataract_____________________
4.The visual defect caused by irregularity in the curvature of the lens or
cornea______________________
5.Condition in which the eyes do not work together because the muscles do not
coordinate_________________
6.Condition caused by continued high pressure of the aqueous humor, which may result in
destruction of the optic nerve fibers__________________
7.The scientific name for farsightedness, in which light rays are not bent sharply enough to
focus on the retina when viewing close objects______________________
8.A circular muscle, such as the muscle of the iris___________________
54. Match only within each group.
Group A
Meninges
Hemisphere
Lobes
Brain Stem
Ventricles
Thalamus
Cortex
1.The collective name for the three brain coverings ________________
2.Each half of the cerebrum______________________
3.The region of the diencephalon that acts as a relay center for sensory
stimuli_____________________
4.Individual subdivisions of the cerebrum that regulate specific
functions______________________
5.The spaces within the brain where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is
produced______________________
6.The part of the brain composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla_____________________
7.The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebrum_______________________
Group B
Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater
Meningitis
Choroid plexus
Subarachnoid space
1.The weblike middle meningeal layer __________________
2.The innermost layer of the meninges, the delicate membrane in which there are many blood
vessels_____________________
3.The area in which cerebrospinal fluid collects before its return to the
blood__________________
4.The vascular network in a ventricle that forms cerebrospinal fluid_____________________
5.Inflammation of the coverings of the brain due to viruses or bacteria_____________________
6.The outmost layer of the meninges, which is the thickest and toughest (Latin translation:
"Tough Mother")_______________________
Group C
Medulla Oblongata
Occipital Lobe
Motor Cortex
Corpus Callosum
Cerebellum
Temporal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
1.The portion of the cerebral cortex where visual impulses from the retina are
interpreted_________________
2.The division of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscles and helps to maintain
balance________________
3.A band of white matter that acts as a bridge between the cerebral
hemispheres_____________________
4.The part of the brain between the pons and the spinal cord__________________
5.The portion of the cerebral cortex where auditory impulses are
interpreted___________________
6.The area in each frontal lobe, near the central sulcus, that controls voluntary
muscles________________
7.Location of a sensory area for interpretation of pain, touch, and
temperature____________________
Group D
Encephalitis
Epilepsy
Neuraglia
Aphasia
Cerebrovascular Accident
Parkinson's Disease
Cerebral Palsy
1.A general term meaning nerve pain_______________
2.A chronic brain disorder that usually can be diagnosed by
electroencephalography____________________
3.Damage to brain tissue caused by a blood clot, ruptured vessel, or embolism; a
stroke__________________
4.Loss of the power of expression by speed or writing____________________
5.A congenital disorder characterized by muscle involvement ranging from weakness to
paralysis____________________
6.A brain disorder that has been treated with the drug L-dopa_______________________
7.The general term for inflammation of the brain_____________________
Group E
These questions pertain to the 12 pair of Cranial Nerves that extend off the Brain Stem
Olfactory Nerve
Vestibulocochlear (Auditory)Nerve
Optic Nerve
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Oculomotor Nerve
Vagus Nerve
Trochlear Nerve
(Spinal)Accessory Nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Hypoglossal Nerve
Abducens Nerve
Facial Nerve
1.The nerve that carries motor impulses to two neck muscles_________________
2.The sensory nerve that carries visual impulses________________
3.The nerve that carries impulses for the sense of smell________________
4.The nerve that supplies most of the organs in the throacic and abdominal
cavities_______________5.The nerve that controls tongue muscles________________
6.The nerve that supplies the muscles of facial expression___________________
7.The nerve with three branches that carries general sensory impulses from the face and
head________________
8.The nerve that contains sensory fibers for hearing_________________
9.The nerve that controls contraction of most eye muscles_______________________
55. Matching Exercises Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Match only within each group, write in the correct answer.
Group A:
Tract
Root
Neuron
Plexus
Nerve Impulse
Synapse
Dendrite
Axon
1.An electrical charge that spreads along the membrane of a nerve cell
_____________________
2.A nerve cell fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body________________________
3.The scientific name for a nerve cell _________________
4.A network formed by the larger anterior branches of a spinal nerve ___________________
5.A branch of a spinal nerve that attaches to the spinal cord __________________
6.The point at which impulses are transmitted from one nerve cell to another
_________________
7.The part of a neuron that receives a stimulus_____________________
8.A bundle of neuron fibers within the CNS___________________
Group B
Action Potential
Neurilemma
Parasympathetic System
Reflex Arc
Ganglion
Sensory
Sympathetic system
1.Another name for a nerve impulse_______________
2.Term for neurons that carry impulses toward the CNS__________________
3.A collection of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS_________________
4.The sheath around some neuron fibers that aids in regeneration_________________
5.The system that promotes the fight-or-flight response______________
6.The system that stimulates the digestive and urinary tracts________________
7.A complete pathway through the nervous system from stimulus to
response____________________
Group C
Craniosacral
Reflex
Neurotransmitter
Neuroglia
Efferent
Nerve
Mixed
1.Term that describes most nerves, notably the spinal nerves, because they contain both
afferent and efferent fibers____________________
2.A simple, automatic response that involved few neurons__________________
3.A chemical that carries an impulse across a synapse__________________
4.A term that describes the parasympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system, based on
where it originates_____________________
5.A term that means the same as MOTOR _______________
6.A bundle of nerve cell fibers located outside the central nervous
system_____________________
7.Connective tissue cells of the nervous system_________________
Group D
stretch reflex
brachial plexus
sciatic nerve
motor neurons
peripheral neuritis
cervical plexus
interneuron
sensory fibers
1.The network of nerves that supplies the upper extremities________________
2.Degeneration of nerves supplying the extremities____________
3.A neuron that relays information within the CNS________________
4.The type of response exemplified by the knee jerk__________________
5.The network of nerves that supplies the neck muscles_________________
6.The type of cells in the ventral gray horm of the spinal cord______________________
7.The largest branch of the lumbosacral plexus______________________
8.The structures contained in the dorsal root of a spinal nerve________________
56. Multiple Choice
Select the best answer:
1.A sudden and painful involuntary contraction of a muscle:
a. strain b. sprain c. spasm d. fibrositis e. carpal tunnnel syndrome
2.The lateral muscle of the leg that turns the sole of the foot outward (eversion) is the:
a. peroneus longus b.internal oblique c.extensor carpi d.teres minor e.adductor longus
3.Which of the following statements is NOT true of skeletal muscle?
a. The cells are long and threadlike.
b. It is normally under conscious control.
c. It is described as striated
d. The cells are mulitnucleated.
e. It is involuntary
4. When muscles and bones act together in the body as a lever system, the pivot point or
fulcrum of the system is the
a. joint b. tendon c. extensor d. myoglobin e. levator
5.The hamstring muscles act to
a.extend the leg
b.flex the leg
c.abduct the thigh
d.adduct the thigh
e.move the hand
6.Student's elbow and housemaid's knee are examples of
a. cramps b. seizures c. bunions d. bursitis e. tendinitis
57. Matching Exercises
Matching only within each group, write the answers to the spaces provided:
Group A
Isotonic
Action Potential
Contractility
Tonus
Excitability
Isometric
Neuromuscular Junction
1.The capacity of a muscle fiber to transmit electrical current: ________________
2.The point where a motor nerve fiber contacts a muscle cell: __________________
3.The electrical charge transmitted along the muscle cell membrane after stimulation:
_____________________
4.Term for muscle contractions in which the tone remains constant while the muscle shortens:
__________
5.The capacity of a muscle fiber to undergo shortening: _____________
6.The normal partially contracted state of muscles: _____________
7.Term for muscle contractions in which there is a great increase in muscle tension without
change in muscle length: ______________
Group B
Myoglobin
Lactic Acid
ATP
Glycogen
Calcium
Actin
1.The compound that stores oxygen in muscle cells: ______________
2.The ion that must be released into the muscle cell before contraction: ________________
3.A protein filament needed for contraction in muscle cells: ________________
4.The substance that accumulates in muscles working without enough oxygen:
________________
5.The immediate source of energy for muscle contraction: __________________
6.The compound that stores glucose in muscle cells:_________________
Group C
Origin
Myosin
Prime Mover
Vasodilation
Antagonist
Insertion
1.Name for the muscle that must relax during a given movement: __________________
2.The muscle attachment joined to a moving part of the body: __________________
3.Widening of a blood vessel: ________________
4.The muscle attachment joined to a more fixed part fo the body: ______________
5.A protein needed for contraction in muscle cells: _________________
6.The muscle that produces a given movement: _________________
Group D
Biceps Brachii
Deltoid
Triceps Brachii
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
1. A triangular muscle over the back and neck that moves the shoulder:
______________________
2.A muscle on the side of the neck that flexes the head on the chest:
______________________
3.The muscle of the middle and lower back that is powerful extensor of the arm (at the
shoulder):______________
4.The muscle capping the shoulder and upper arm: ___________________
5.A muscle on the front of the arm that acts as a flexor of the elbow and supinator of the hand:
________________
6.The large muscle of the upper chest that flexes the arm across the body:
____________________
7.The large muscle on the back of the arm that extends the elbow, as when delivering a blow:
_________________
Group E
Rotator Cuff
Tendon
Deep facia
Diaphragm
Levator Labii
Gastrocnemius
Aponeurosis
1.A cordlike structure that attaches a muscle to bone:______________
2.A connective tissue sheath enclosing an entire muscle: __________________
3.The chief muscle of the calf of the leg: ______________
4.The chief muscle of respiration: ____________________
5.A sheet of connective tissue that attaches certain muscles to bone or other muscles:
____________________
6.A muscle group that supports the shoulder joint: _____________________
Group F
Intercostal
Gluteus Maximus
Buccinator
Sartorius
Iliopsoas
Quadriceps Femoris
1.The muscle that extends the leg at the knee, as in kicking a
ball:____________________________
2.The muscle that forms much of the fleshy part of the buttock:__________________
3.Muscles located between the ribs that aid in respiration:_________________
4:The powerful muscle of the thigh: _______________
5.The muscle that forms the fleshy part of the cheek:_______________
6.The thin muscle that travels down and across the medial surface of the
thigh:__________________
Group G:
Bursitis
Myositis
Atrophy
Muscular Dystrophy
Myalgia
1.A group of disorders, seen more frequently in male children, that causes progressive
weakness and paralysis: _________________
2.A term that means muscular pain: __________________
3.Inflammation of a fluid-filled sac near a bone:_____________
4.A wasting or decrease in the size of a muscle, usually from lack of
activity:__________________
5.Acute inflammation of muscle tissue:________________
58. Matching Assignment
Match the correct term with the definition:
A_____Within a muscle
B_____Wasting away (degeneration)
C_____Flat, thin, fibrous sheet of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone or other
tissues at their origin or insertion
D_____Increase in size of an organ or structure
E_____System of the human body involving muscles and their attachments that work with the
skeletal system to produce movement.
F_____Lacking tone in muscle, flabby
G_____Study of muscles
H_____An involuntary, abnormal muscular contraction
I_____A band of strong, fibrous connective tissue connecting the articular end of bones serving
to bind them together and to facilitate or limit motion
J_____Controlled by will
K_____Tough cord or band of dense, white connective tissue that attaches a muscle to another
part and that transmits the force which the muscle exerts
L_____Muscles that are responsible for prime action
M_____Sac or cavity lined with a synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid that reduces
friction between tendon and bone, tendon and ligament, or between other structures where
friction is likely to occur.
N_____Muscles in the group that oppose the action of the prime movers and that must be
relaxed so that movement may take place
O_____Loss of power to contract after prolonged periods of muscle contraction
P_____Independent of the will
1.Involuntary
10.Myology
2.Atrophy
11.Flaccid
3.Aponeurosis
12.Prime Movers
4.Bursa
13.Hypertrophy
5.Muscular System
14.Antagonists
6.Tendon
15.Muscle Fatigue
7.Voluntary
16.Intramuscular
8.Muscle Spasm
17.Epimysium
9.Ligament
18.Synergists
59. Muscle tissue has four characteristics. What are they, and describe each.
a.
b.
c.
d.
60. List the 3 basic functions of the muscular system.
a.
b.
c.
61. Name the three types of muscle tissue found in the human body. List whether they are
VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY
a.
b.
c.
62. Choose the type of muscle that fits each descriptive phrase.
C=Cardiac Muscle S=Smooth Muscle SK=Skeletal Muscle
_____a. Forms the bulk of the wall of the heart
_____b. Has intercalated discs
_____c. Involuntary, nonstriated
_____d. Involuntary, striated
_____e. Located in walls of hollow internal surfaces such as blood vessels
_____f. Exhibits autorhythmicity
_____g. Requires a constant supply of oxygen so mitochondria are larger and more numerous
_____h. Is slower to contract than the other two tissue types
63. Define TENDON
64. Describe each of the following disorders. What is the cause of each disorder?
a. Fibromyalgia
b. Muscular Dystrophy
c. Myasthenia Gravis
Appendicular Skeleton
65. What are the two group of structures that make up the Appendicular Skeleton(Hint:Both
groups attach to the body)?
66. How many bones total in the Appendicular Skeleton?
67. How many bones are in each of the two groups (extremities)?
68. List all the main bones in the UPPER appendicular skeleton from PROXIMAL to DISTAL
ends. Remember you have the same bone on your RIGHT and LEFT sides. The first one is
done for you.
a. Scapula
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
69. List all the main bones in the LOWER appendicular skeleton from PROXIMAL to DISTAL.
The first one is done for you.
a. Pelvis
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Axial Division
70. How many total bones in the human body?
71. The axial skeleton includes what 4 regions of bones? (example: Skull etc...)
72. How many bones are associated with each of those 4 regions named in the last question?
(example: Skull = # of bones?) etc...
73. Describe the 3 classes of joints based on FUNCTION/STRUCTURE: Explain the type of
movement associated with each joint type:
a.
b.
c.
74. There are 6 types of synovial joints: Name them:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
75. Match the parts of a synovial joint with the descriptions below:
A. Articular Cartilage
F. Fibrous Capsule
L. Ligament
SF. Synovial Fluid
SM. Synovial Membrane
a.____Hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of articulating bones
b.____Lubricates joint and nourishes articular cartilage; consistency of uncooked egg whites
c.____Inner layer of the synovial capsule; secretes synovial fluid
d.____Fibers that bind bones together
e.____Together these form the articular capsule(2answers)
76. Choose the types of synovial joint that fits the following description (Answers may be used
more than once)
B. Ball and Socket
E. Elliposial
G. Gliding
H. Hinge
P. Pivot
S. Saddle
_____a. Monaxial joint; only rotation possible
_____b. Joint between carpal and metacarpal of the thumb joint
_____c. Shoulder and hip joints
_____d. Spool-like surface articulated with concave surface
_____e. Monaxial joint: only flexion and extension possible
_____f. Biaxial joints
77. Using the following terms: Shoulder, Hip and Knee Joints; which fit the description best
below?
a. Which of these joints has the widest range of motion?
b. Which has the most limited range of motion?
c. Which is most stable and is rarely dislocated?
d. Which is least stable?
78. Define Rheumatism:
79. Define Arthritis:
80. An acute chronic inflammation of a bursa is called ____________________.