EOC BIOLOGY
REVIEW
In DNA, which of the following
determines the traits of an
organism?
–
–
–
–
Amount of adenine
Number of sugars
Sequence of nitrogen bases
Strength of hydrogen bonds
5C – Describe the roles of DNA, RNA and environmental factors
in cell differentiation.
“Thymine—guanine—thymine—
cytosine” describes —
–
–
–
–
nucleotides within and RNA strand
a sequence of bases within a DNA
section
points of DNA separation during
protein synthesis
points of DNA separation during
protein synthesis
6B – Recognize the components that make up the genetic code
are common to all organisms.
If a cat has 38 chromosomes in
each of its body cells, how many
chromosomes will be in each
daughter cell after mitosis?
–
–
–
–
11
19
38
76
5A – Describe the stages of the cell cycle, including DNA,
replication and mitosis, and the importance of the cell cycle to
the growth of organisms.
Ultraviolet radiation can cause mutations
in the DNA of skin cells that have been
overexposed to the sun. This mutated
DNA has no effect on future offspring
because —
–
–
–
–
changes in skin cell DNA are homozygous
recessive
mutations must occur within the RNA codons
offspring reject parental skin cells
only changes to gamete DNA can be
inherited
6E – Identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate
the significance of these changes.
Part of a DNA strand is
represented in the diagram above.
In order for DNA to replicate, the
strand must separate at which of
the following locations?
–
–
–
–
Between
Between
Between
pairs
Between
every phosphate-sugar pair
the eight sugar-base pairs
the four nitrogenous base
any two chemical bonds
6B – Recognize the components that make up the genetic code
are common to all organisms.
The diagram shows
how an mRNA molecule
is synthesized. What
would be the most
likely result if a
bacterial infection
stopped the
production of the RNA
polymerase?
–
–
–
–
A protein could not be manufactured.
A lysosome would digest the cell.
Osmosis would not occur in the cell.
Dehydration could be prevented in the cytoplasm.
6C – Explain the purpose and process of transcription and
translation using models of DNA and RNA.
The chain
represents three
codons. Which of
the following
changes would be
expected in the
amino acid chain if
the mutation shown
occurred?
•The
•The
•The
•The
amino acid sequence would be shorter than expected.
identity of one amino acid would change.
amino acid sequence would remain unchanged.
identities of more than one amino acid would change.
6C – Explain the purpose and process of transcription and
translation using models of DNA and RNA.
Cancer is a disorder in which some
cells have lost the ability to control
their–
–
–
–
size
spindle fibers
growth rate
surface area
5D - recognize that disruptions of the cell cycle lead to
diseases such as cancer.
Cell division is
represented in
the figure by the
letter–
–
–
–
A
B
C
D
4B - investigate and explain cellular processes, including
homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules,
and synthesis of new molecules.
Energy conversion within an animal
cell would be severely limited by
removal of the cell’s —
–
–
–
–
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Chloroplasts
4A - compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
What type of cellular
process is occurring in the
figure below?
–
–
–
–
Osmosis
Diffusion
Active Transport
Both A and C
4B - investigate and explain cellular processes, including
homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules,
and synthesis of new molecules.
Which of these is a function of the
cell membrane in all cells?
–
–
–
–
Producing cellular nutrients
Preserving cellular wastes
Neutralizing chemicals
Maintaining homeostasis
4A - compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Which organelle directs the activity
of the cell’s organelles and
directions to make proteins?
–
–
–
–
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
4A - compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Which process occurs in the
chloroplasts of all cells?
–
–
–
–
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
Reproduction
Protein synthesis
4B - investigate and explain cellular processes, including
homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules,
and synthesis of new molecules.
The red blood cells in the figure
above are in a ____________
solution
–
–
–
–
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Active Transport
4B - investigate and
explain cellular
processes, including
homeostasis, energy
conversions, transport
of molecules,
and synthesis of new
molecules.
What volume should be reported for the
solution in this graduated cylinder?
–
–
–
–
64.0
56.2
56.0
50.6
mL
mL
mL
mL
1A - demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and
field investigations
Where does cellular respiration
take place in the cell?
–
–
–
–
Thylakoid
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Vacuole
4A - compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Look at the Venn
Diagram. It
compares the
processes of
cellular
respiration and
photosynthesis.
I. CO2
II. O2
III. C6H12O6
Which elements
would you put in
section Y?
–
–
–
–
I, II
I, III
I, II, III
III
4B - investigate and explain cellular processes, including
homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules,
and synthesis of new molecules.
Which of following lists the
scientific method in order from
beginning to end?
– Purpose-Research-Hypothesis-ExperimentConclusion-Analysis
– Purpose-Research-Hypothesis-AnalysisExperiment-Conclusion
– Purpose-Research-Hypothesis-ExperimentAnalysis-Conclusion
– Purpose-Hypothesis-Research-ExperimentAnalysis-Conclusion
2E - plan and implement descriptive, comparative, and experimental
investigations, including asking questions, formulating testable
hypotheses, and selecting equipment and technology;
Glucose is a sugar which is what
type of organic molecule?
–
–
–
–
Fructose
Enzyme
Protein
Carbohydrates
9A - compare the structures and functions of different types of
biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids;
The diagram shows water
molecules arranged in a row. What
is the most likely reason that each
water molecule is arranged so that
the oxygen part of the molecule
faces a hydrogen part of the
molecule?
–
–
–
–
The oxygen in a water molecule
contains a partial negative charge.
Gravity rotates the oxygen atoms to
face the more massive sodium ions.
Hydrogen atoms create repulsive
forces with chloride ions.
Oxygen atoms form covalent bonds
with sodium ions.
9A - compare the structures and functions of different types of
biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids.
Proteins are produced according to
a special code found in the control
center of the cell. Which of these
molecules carries this code:
–
–
–
–
DNA
ATP
Glucose
Lipid
9A - compare the structures and functions of different types of
biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids.
Which biomolecule is made of amino
acids?
–
–
–
–
Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides
Polymers
Proteins
9A - compare the structures and functions of different types of
biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids.
Which of the following organelles is
present in both prokaryotes and
eukaryotes?
–
–
–
–
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
4A - compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
The swordfish has a heat-generating
organ that warms its brain and eyes up to
14°C above the surrounding water
temperature. What structures are likely
to be found in relatively high
concentrations in the cells of this organ?
–
–
–
–
Chromosomes
Mitochondria
Nuclei
Ribosomes
4A - compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Why are photosynthesis and cellular
respiration often considered opposites?
–
–
–
–
Photosynthesis produces twice as many ATP
molecules as cellular respiration does.
Water is released during photosynthesis and
consumed during cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis occurs during the day, and
cellular respiration occurs at night.
Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis
and used during cellular respiration.
4B - investigate and explain cellular processes, including
homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and
synthesis of new molecules.
Saltwater fish remove extra salt from
their body by active transport through
the gills. What is the result of this
activity?
–
–
–
–
The salt becomes more chemically active.
Water balance is maintained in the blood.
The rate of energy production is decreased.
The cell membrane becomes less permeable
to water.
4B - investigate and explain cellular processes, including
homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and
synthesis of new molecules.
The safest way to dilute concentrated
sulfuric acid is to add —
–
–
–
–
a series of small volumes of water to the acid
while stirring
the acid to water slowly while stirring
constantly
the acid to a small volume of water and then
add more water
dilute sulfuric acid to a small volume of the
concentrated acid
1A - demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field
investigations
In eukaryotes, DNA –
–
–
–
–
is located in the nucleus.
floats freely in the cytoplasm.
is located in the ribosomes.
is circular.
4A - compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
During mitosis, the –
– DNA molecules unwind.
– histones and DNA molecules separate.
– DNA molecules become more tightly
coiled.
– chromosomes condense and sister
chromatids separate.
5A - describe the stages of the cell cycle, including
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and mitosis,
and the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms
The chemical factors that
determine traits are called –
–
–
–
–
alleles
traits
genes
characters
6B - recognize that components that make up the genetic code
are common to all organisms
The process by which a cell divides
into two daughter cells is called –
–
–
–
–
cell division
metaphase
interphase
mitosis
5A - describe the stages of the cell cycle, including
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and mitosis, and the
importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms
During normal mitotic cell division, a
parent cell having four
chromosomes will produce two
daughter cells, each containing
–
–
–
–
two chromosomes.
four chromosomes.
eight chromosomes.
sixteen chromosomes.
5A - describe the stages of the cell cycle, including
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and mitosis, and the
importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms
Cancer is a disorder in which some
cells have lost the ability to control
their –
–
–
–
–
size
spindle fibers
growth rate
surface area
5D - recognize that disruptions of the cell cycle lead to
diseases such as cancer.
The diagram shows
chromosomes in a cell
undergoing cell
division. If one of the
chromosomes breaks
during this process,
which of the following
will most likely
happen?
–
–
–
–
Mutation
Selection
Segregation
Duplication
5A - describe the stages of the cell cycle, including
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and mitosis, and the
importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms
How many codons are needed to
specify three amino acids?
–
–
–
–
3
6
9
12
6C – Explain the purpose and process of transcription and
translation using models of DNA and RNA.
A tall plant is crossed with a short
plant. If the tall F1 pea plants are
allowed to self-pollinate –
–
–
–
–
the offspring will be of medium height
all of the offspring will be tall
all of the offspring will be short
some of the offspring will be tall, and
some will be short
6F – Predict possible outcomes of various genetic combinations such
as monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses, and non-Mendelian
inheritance.
Gametes are produced by the
process of
–
–
–
–
Mitosis
Meiosis
crossing-over
replication
6G - recognize the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in
the formation of –
–
–
–
–
diploid cells
haploid cells
2N daughter cells
body cells
6G - recognize the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in
the formation of –
–
–
–
–
two genetically identical cells
four genetically different cells
four genetically identical cells
two genetically different cells
6G -
Mutations in DNA can occur when —
–
–
–
–
replication of DNA is exact
a DNA enzyme attaches to an RNA
codon
RNA codons are replaced by DNA
nucleotides
a change occurs in DNA nucleotide
bases
6E – Identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate the
significance of these changes.
F
E
D
In which layer would the
most recent
relatives of modern day
animals be found?
C
B
A
–
–
–
–
Layer A
Layer C
Layer E
Layer F
7B – Analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning any
data of sudden appearance, stasis and sequential nature of groups
in the fossil record.
Which statement is best supported
by the information below?
– Barnacles develop within the whale
uterus.
– Whales descended from ancestors with
hair.
– Fluid inside the uterus is colder than
seawater.
– Adult whales will possess more hair in
the future.
7C – Analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change in
populations, not individuals.
Differences in amino acid sequences and
DNA sequences are greater among
species that are more distantly related
than between species that are more
closely related.
These biochemical differences and
relatedness are used as evidence of–
–
–
–
Translation
Transcription
Vestigial structures
Evolution
7A – Analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among
groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies
including anatomical, molecular, and developmental.
A man treated his home with a pesticide that
kills roaches. The first application of the
pesticide killed 92% of the roaches. Two months
later he applied the pesticide to his home again,
but the second application killed only 65% of the
roaches. What would best explain the decrease
in the effectiveness of the pesticide?
–
–
–
–
The pesticide is effective only against mature roaches.
Once roaches learned how to fight the pesticide, they
taught others.
The surviving roaches were naturally resistant to the
pesticide, and that resistance was inherited by their
offspring.
The pesticide caused some of the roaches’ digestive
systems to mutate and metabolize the pesticide.
7C – Analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change in
populations, not individuals.
Which of these conclusions
can be made based on the
graphs shown above?
–
–
–
–
Larger mosquitoes have migrated
into the area.
Smaller mosquitoes are being
eaten by larger mosquitoes.
A mosquito length of 2 cm has
become a disadvantage in this
environment.
Mosquitoes with a body length of
3 cm have the longest life span.
7D – Analyze and evaluate how the elements of natural selection,
including inherited variation, the potential of a population to
produce more offspring than can survive, and a finite supply of
environmental resources, result in differential reproductive
successes.
The diagram shows
relationships of selected
species over time.
According to this
information, which of these
species is expected to have
the greatest phenotypic
difference from the
ancestral species?
–
–
–
–
Species Q
Species R
Species T
Species U
7A – Analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among
groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies
including anatomical, molecular, and developmental.
The guppy is a species of small
freshwater fish. Scientists observed
that the average size of guppies in a
pond decreased over a few years after a
guppy predator was introduced into the
pond. Which of the following best
explains the change in guppy size?
–
–
–
–
Speciation
Convergent evolution
Inbreeding
Natural selection
7C – Analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change in
populations, not individuals.
Which of the following best
explains how the milkweed bug’s
coloration helps it avoid being
eaten by birds?
–
–
–
–
Birds become confused by the
bug’s coloration, so the bug has
time to escape.
Birds associate the bug’s
coloration with its bad taste and
avoid eating it.
Birds are unable to locate the
bug’s head, so the bug can escape.
Birds cannot locate the bug
because it appears to be part of
the plant.
7E – Analyze and evaluate the
relationship of natural selection
to adaptation and to the
development of diversity in and
among species
Which of the following is best
supported by the information
shown below?
–
–
–
–
These lizards evolved in arid
habitats.
Modern lizards drink more water
than their ancestors did.
These lizards cool themselves by
evaporation.
Modern lizards excrete more water
than their ancestors did.
7E – Analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection
to adaptation and to the development of diversity in and
among species
One of the adaptations that Darwin
noted on the species of finches found on
the Galápagos Islands was that they
displayed different structural
adaptations in
–
–
–
–
the differences in egg shape and color
the birds’ beaks
the length and type of legs
the number of mating partners
7D – Analyze and evaluate how the elements of natural selection,
including inherited variation, the potential of a population to
produce more offspring than can survive, and a finite supply of
environmental resources, result in differential reproductive
successes.
The same kinds of structures/limbs
that grow in structurally different
patterns in different organisms
(bat wing and butterfly wing) are
termed as –
–
–
–
–
analogous structures
Endosymbiosis
natural selection
vestigial structures
7A – Analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among
groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies
including anatomical, molecular, and developmental.
Which factor might determine
whether the frequency of the new
allele will increase in a population
where a mutation occurs?
–
–
–
–
the number of alleles
survival of the fittest and rates of
reproductive fitness
the number of possible phenotypes
whether the mutation causes a
detrimental effect on the population
7F – Analyze and evaluate the effects of other evolutionary
mechanisms, including genetic drift, gene flow, mutation and
recombination.
The occurrence of the same amino
acid sequence in digestive proteins in
two morphologically unrelated
species provides evidence that these
two species –
–
–
–
–
occupy the same niche
have homologous structures
descended from a common ancestor
have evolved convergently
7F – Analyze and evaluate the effects of other evolutionary
mechanisms, including genetic drift, gene flow, mutation and
recombination.
A human embryo, when compared to
a dolphin embryo, exhibits all of the
following similarities during
development except –
–
–
–
–
pharyngeal gill slits
a bony tail
fins
a coat of fine fur
7A – Analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among
groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies
including anatomical, molecular, and developmental.
Based on genes responsible for
producing respiratory structures,
which pair of organisms would be
MOST closely related?
–
–
–
–
perch and grasshopper
tadpole and bird
fish and human
snake and monkey
7A – Analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among
groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies
including anatomical, molecular, and developmental.
Which of the following statements addresses
a weakness of the hypothesis below?
Hypothesis: An organism's reproductive
fitness is based on the number of male
offspring it produces.
–
–
–
–
The hypothesis is not testable.
The hypothesis contains multiple variables.
The hypothesis is too long.
The hypothesis does not include a control
variable.
7D – Analyze and evaluate how the elements of natural selection,
including inherited variation, the potential of a population to
produce more offspring than can survive, and a finite supply of
environmental resources, result in differential reproductive
successes.
The table shows an amino acid
comparison of cytochrome c, a
protein involved in cellular
respiration in aerobic organisms.
The two organisms in the table
that are least genetically related
are the —
–
–
–
–
silkworm moth and the fruit fly
silkworm moth and the
screwworm fly
fruit fly and the screwworm fly
fruit fly and the hornworm
moth
7A – Analyze and
evaluate how evidence
of common ancestry
among groups is
provided by the fossil
record, biogeography,
and homologies
including anatomical,
molecular, and
developmental.
Using the fossil diagram, what inference can be
drawn regarding relationship between the fossil
in the lower layer of Layer pair 1 and Layer pair
3?
–
–
–
–
Both fossils are exactly the same species.
The fossil in Layer pair 1 is older than the fossil in
Layer pair 3.
The fossil in Layer pair 1 is younger than the fossil in
Layer pair 3.
The fossil in Layer pair 1 is the same age as the fossil
in Layer pair 3.
The maps below show the geographic ranges of four species of the
order Lagomorpha, which includes rabbits and hares. In which range
would developing white fur in winter most likely not be an advantage
for a member of this order?
Which of the following factors
helps spread disease-causing
bacteria?
–
–
–
–
Low temperatures
Access to new hosts
Mutation by heat energy
Availability of light
11C – Summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining
and disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems.
Lactose is a naturally occurring sugar
found in milk. Some dairy products, such
as yogurt, may contain live bacteria.
These products are useful to people who
lack the ability to digest lactose. What
does this information demonstrate?
–
–
–
–
Bacteria raise the acidity of processed
foods.
Some bacteria interfere with digestion.
Bacteria can prevent insulin production.
Some bacteria are beneficial to human
health.
11C – Summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining
and disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems.
Which organism during a red tide
would be found in great quantities?
–
–
–
–
E. coli
Brown algae
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
The same kinds of structures/limbs
that grow in structurally different
patterns in different organisms (bat
wing and butterfly wing) are termed
as –
–
–
–
–
analogous structures
Endosymbiosis
natural selection
vestigial structures
7A – Analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among
groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies
including anatomical, molecular, and developmental.
What are the advantages of a
standardized naming system?
–
–
–
–
The name for an organism is the same,
no matter which country it is in.
All scientists have every organism’s
name memorized.
Scientists have a common language to
discuss a particular organism.
Groups of different organisms are
classified into the same group.
8A – Define taxonomy and recognize the importance of a
standardized taxonomic system to the scientific community.
Which of these factors should be
compared to best determine how
closely species are related to each
other?
–
–
–
–
number of genes
sequence of amino acids
location of chromosomes
physical similarities in body structures
7A – Analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among
groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies
including anatomical, molecular, and developmental.
The instructions for making new
copies of a virus are
–
–
–
–
a part of a virus’s capsid.
coded in surface proteins attached to
the protein coat.
coded in either RNA or DNA.
found only in bacteriophages.
4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral
reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases
such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.
Fungi do NOT
–
–
–
–
carry out photosynthesis.
grow on their food source.
digest food outside their bodies.
absorb food through their cell walls.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Fungi resemble plants in that they
both always
–
–
–
–
have stems.
grow from the ground.
are multicellular.
have cell walls.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
All of the organisms in a typical
ecosystem are interdependent, helping to
maintain the equilibrium of the
ecosystem and sustaining each other.
Which of the following processes can
bacteria perform that is not possible for
the other members of a typical
ecosystem?
–
–
–
–
converting radiant energy into chemical
energy
conserving water
using nitrogen from the atmosphere
decomposing the remains of dead organisms
11C – Summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining
and disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems.
Bread rises because fermentation
by yeast produces
–
–
–
–
spores.
rhizoids.
water.
carbon dioxide.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Scientists discover a new organism.
The organism is autotrophic, with
membrane bound organelles. To
which of these kingdoms does this
organism most likely belong?
–
–
–
–
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Animalia
Protista
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Which of the following does not
describe a fungus?
–
–
–
–
cell walls made of chitin
can carry on photosynthesis
absorb food through cell walls
reproduce using spores
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Which statement about Penicillium
is correct?
–
–
–
–
It produces mushrooms.
It causes bread to rise.
It is the source of an antibiotic.
It causes athlete’s foot.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
The most general group that an
organism can belong to is its–
–
–
–
Genus
Class
Family
Kingdom
8A – Define taxonomy and recognize the importance of a
standardized taxonomic system to the scientific community.
Bacteria that cause disease are
called
–
–
–
–
viruses.
pathogens.
endospores.
antibiotics.
11C – Summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining
and disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems.
Fungi that absorb food from
decaying organic matter are
–
–
–
–
parasites.
saprobes.
mutualists.
autotrophs.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Which of the following diseases is
NOT caused by a bacterium?
–
–
–
–
Tooth decay.
Tuberculosis.
AIDS.
Lyme disease.
4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral
reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases
such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.
What factors do the kingdoms
Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and
Animalia have in common?
–
–
–
–
They are
They are
They are
They are
all eukaryotes.
all photosynthetic organisms.
all multicellular organisms.
all prokaryotes.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
According to the scientific names,
Felis catus and Felis silvestris do
NOT belong to the same
–
–
–
–
Class
Family
Genus
Species
8A – Define taxonomy and recognize the importance of a
standardized taxonomic system to the scientific community.
Which of the following is a defining
characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
–
–
–
–
absence of a membrane bound nucleus
the method of cellular respiration
the composition of the cell membrane
the method of movement
4A – Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
How can viruses be treated medically to
reduce the number and prevent them
from spreading?
–
–
–
–
Use antibiotics to kill them and, use vaccines
to prevent them from spreading.
Use vaccines to kill them and, use antibiotics
to prevent them from spreading.
Prevent them from spreading using vaccines,
but do not treat with antibiotics.
Prevent them from spreading using
antibiotics, but do not treat them with
vaccines.
4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral
reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases
such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.
Lysogenic viruses DO NOT –
–
–
–
–
inject their DNA into the host cell
reproduce and lyse the host cell
immediately
become dormant and divide with the
cell’s DNA
infect a host cell
4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral
Reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases
Such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.
What characteristics are
most useful in classifying
this organism?
–
–
–
–
4, size
2, 3, 4
4, 6, size
4, 6
4A – Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Using the table below, identify which
of the following most accurately describes an
organism from the Kingdom Protista?
Kingdom
Characteristics
1
Unicellular Prokaryotic
Autotrophic
2
Non-living
Requires host
high specificity
3
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Cell wall
4
Unicellular/multicellular
Eukaryotic
Autotrophic/heterotrophic
Kingdom
Kingdom
Kingdom
Kingdom
1
2
3
4
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
The result of a bacterial pathogen
invading your body is –
–
–
–
–
the bacteria
the bacteria
the bacteria
as food
the bacteria
and divides
undergoes photosynthesis
goes into a dormant phase
breaks down body tissue
goes into the lytic cycle
11C – Summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining
and disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems.
Why are algae considered one of the
most important groups of organisms on
our planet?
–
–
–
–
They are rich in vitamin C.
They produce chemicals that are used to
treat health problems.
They produce much of Earth’s oxygen
through photosynthesis.
They produce chemicals that are used to
make plastics, waxes and paints.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
In which location would a
photosynthetic autotroph be found?
–
–
–
–
in a grocery store
in a dark cabinet
on your skin or in your hair
at or near the surface of oceans,
lakes, streams, and ponds
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
F
E
D
In which layer would the
most recent
relatives of modern day
animals be found?
C
B
A
–
–
–
–
Layer A
Layer C
Layer E
Layer F
7B – Analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning any
data of sudden appearance, stasis and sequential nature of groups
in the fossil record.
If an animal is not fit for its
environment then according to
Darwin it could lead to –
–
–
–
–
Replication
Mutation
Speciation
Extinction
7D – Analyze and evaluate how the elements of natural selection,
including inherited variation, the potential of a population to
produce more offspring than can survive, and a finite supply of
environmental resources, result in differential reproductive
successes.
Birds and reptiles are similar in that they are
vertebrates and lay eggs. They differ in that
reptiles have teeth and birds have beaks. Some
birds do possess teeth. However, these teeth are
present only in the embryonic stage. Which
conclusion is best supported by the presence of
teeth in bird embryos
–
–
–
–
Birds and reptiles share a common ancestor.
Modern reptiles are the ancestors of modern birds.
Birds and reptiles eat similar types of food.
Ancestors of reptiles had beaks similar to those of
birds.
7A – Analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among
groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies
including anatomical, molecular, and developmental.
Which statement is best supported
by the information below?
– Barnacles develop within the whale
uterus.
– Whales descended from ancestors with
hair.
– Fluid inside the uterus is colder than
seawater.
– Adult whales will possess more hair in
the future.
7C – Analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change in
populations, not individuals.
Differences in amino acid sequences and
DNA sequences are greater among
species that are more distantly related
than between species that are more
closely related. These biochemical
differences and relatedness are used as
evidence of–
–
–
–
Translation
Transcription
Vestigial structures
Evolution
7A – Analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among
groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies
including anatomical, molecular, and developmental.
A man treated his home with a pesticide that
kills roaches. The first application of the
pesticide killed 92% of the roaches. Two
months later he applied the pesticide to his
home again, but the second application killed
only 65% of the roaches. What would best
explain the decrease in the effectiveness of the
pesticide?
–
–
–
–
The pesticide is effective only against mature roaches.
Once roaches learned how to fight the pesticide, they
taught others.
The surviving roaches were naturally resistant to the
pesticide, and that resistance was inherited by their
offspring.
The pesticide caused some of the roaches’ digestive systems
to mutate and metabolize the pesticide.
7C – Analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change in
populations, not individuals.
Some bacteria thrive in hostile
environments, such as salt flats,
boiling-hot springs, and carbonaterock interiors, primarily because of
bacteria’s
–
–
–
–
biochemical diversity
small sizes
round shapes
methods of movement
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Which of the following factors
helps spread disease-causing
bacteria?
–
–
–
–
Low temperatures
Access to new hosts
Mutation by heat energy
Availability of light
12B – Compare variations and adaptations of organisms
in different ecosystems.
A study shows that 40% to 100% of raw
poultry is contaminated by
disease-causing bacteria. Which of
the following activities provides people the
best protection from
these bacteria?
–
–
–
–
Rinsing dishes thoroughly
Eating a balanced diet daily
Visiting a doctor regularly
Cooking foods properly
4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral
reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases
such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.
Streptococcus infection in a
person’s throat can cause pain and
fever. Streptococcus can be
controlled by antibiotics.
Streptococcus is a —
–
–
–
–
Virus
Bacterium
Protozoan
Fungus
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Which of the following describes a
role of bacteria in the environment?
–
–
–
–
Carrying out photosynthesis
Recycling nutrients
Fixing nitrogen
All of the above
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Bacteria that cause disease are
called
–
–
–
–
viruses.
pathogens.
endospores.
antibiotics.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Which of the following is a characteristic
of bacteria that is key to keeping them
under control?
– Most bacteria cannot survive high
temperatures for long periods.
– Most bacteria are resistant to harmful
chemicals.
– Most bacteria form endospores when
subjected to harsh environments.
– Most bacteria do not cause food to spoil.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Food stored in a refrigerator will
keep longer because the bacteria
that spoil food
– die at low temperatures.
– take longer to multiply at low
temperatures.
– require light to live.
– grow more slowly in the dark.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Which of the following will NOT kill
bacteria?
–
–
–
–
Refrigeration
Boiling
Chemical disinfection
Frying
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
A laboratory investigation included
examining prepared slides of pond water.
Single-celled organisms with a nucleus and
either cilia or flagella were visible. These
organisms probably belong to the kingdom
–
–
–
–
–
Animalia
Fungi
Plantae
Protista
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Multicellular eukaryotes that are
usually mobile and obtain food from
other organisms probably belong to
the kingdom –
–
–
–
–
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Protista
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Which kingdom does this
organism belong to?
–
–
–
–
Fungi
Archaebacteria
Plantae
Animalia
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
This organism most
likely is a member of
which kingdom?
–
–
–
–
Eubacteria
Protista
Animalia
Plantae
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Some zooplankton belong to the
kingdom Protista. Members of this
kingdom are characterized as —
– having segmented bodies with jointed
appendages
– containing one or more eukaryotic cells
– laying eggs with a leathery protective
shell
– having a four-chambered heart
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Which is a characteristic of members
of the plant kingdom that distinguishes
them from members of the animal
kingdom?
–
–
–
–
Storage of energy in chemical bonds
Exchange of H2O with the environment
Use of mRNA during protein production
Use of chlorophyll for solar-energy
transformation
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Fungi do NOT
–
–
–
–
carry out photosynthesis.
grow on their food source.
digest food outside their bodies.
absorb food through their cell walls.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Fungi resemble plants in that they
both always
–
–
–
–
have stems.
grow from the ground.
are multicellular.
have cell walls.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Which statement about Penicillium is
correct?
–
–
–
–
It produces mushrooms.
It causes bread to rise.
It is the source of an antibiotic.
It causes athlete’s foot.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
An important role of fungi in an
ecosystem is
–
–
–
–
photosynthesis.
breaking down dead organisms.
making alcohol.
killing bacteria.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Fungi that absorb food from
decaying organic matter are
–
–
–
–
parasites.
saprobes.
mutualists.
autotrophs.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
A person who comes down with
malaria can infer that he or she
contracted it from
– contaminated water supplies.
– infection by the animal-like protest
Giardia.
– the bite of the Anopheles mosquito.
– the bite of the tsetse fly.
11C – Summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining
and disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems.
What is the most common threat to a host
organism posed by an invading virus?
–
–
–
–
Production of viral fluids in the bloodstream
Fermentation of acids in the digestive system
Destruction of cells by viral reproduction
Stimulation of muscle tone in the heart
4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral
reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases
such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.
Viruses differ from bacteria in that
all viruses —
–
–
–
–
cause insect-borne diseases
can be destroyed by antibiotics
have rigid cell walls
must be reproduced in living cells
4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral
reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases
such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.
Enzymes allow viruses to insert their
genetic material into the host cell’s
DNA. The virus benefits from this
action by —
– acquiring the traits of the host cell
– causing the host cell to produce viruses
– introducing random deadly mutations
into the host cell
– turning the host cell into a virus
4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral
reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases
such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.
Which of the following is a
characteristic of all viruses?
–
–
–
–
Genetic information is stored as DNA
Contain protein coats
Has the machinery to reproduce
Can control its metabolism
4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral
reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases
such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.
Diseases that can be spread from
person to person are known as
communicable diseases. Communicable
diseases can be caused by many different
types of organisms and also by viruses.
Which of the following communicable
diseases is caused by a virus and can be
transmitted from an infected mother to
her baby during childbirth?
–
–
–
–
Herpes
Malaria
Ringworm
Tetanus
11C – Summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining
and disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems.
Viruses
Plant
Cells
W
Y
X
8B – Categorize organisms using a
hierarchical classification system
based on similarities and
differences shared among
organisms.
Z
Bacterial
Cells
Genetic material would
best fit into area –
-W
-X
-Y
-Z
Which of the following diseases is
NOT caused by a bacterium?
–
–
–
–
Tooth decay.
Tuberculosis.
AIDS.
Lyme disease.
8C – Compare characteristics of taxonomic groups, including
Archaea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
Bacteriophages infect
–
–
–
–
other viruses.
bacteria only.
any available host cell.
cells undergoing the lytic cycle.
4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral
reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases
such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.
Viral diseases can be
– treated with antibiotics and prevented
with vaccines.
– treated with vaccines and prevented
with antibiotics.
– prevented with antibiotics but not
treated with vaccines.
– prevented with vaccines but not treated
with antibiotics.
4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral
reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases
such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.
Which of the following
structure or structures shown
in Figure 19-1 do prokaryotes
and viruses have in common?
–
–
–
–
A, B, C
A, B, E
D only
E only
4C – Compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral
reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases
such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza.
The human disease ringworm is
caused by
–
–
–
–
worms.
bacteria.
a fungus.
yeasts.
11C – Summarize the role of microorganisms in both maintaining
and disrupting the health of both organisms and ecosystems.
Which of the following is an
appropriate title for column Y?
X
Y
Ferns
Pine Trees
Moss
Wheat
Horsetails
Bluebonnets
-Seed
bearing
-Angiosperms
-Gymnosperms
-Non-vascular
10B – Describe the interactions that occur among systems
that perform the functions of transport, reproduction and
response in plants.
Vascular plants use a variety of methods
of reproduction to ensure the survival of
its species. Which of the following
statements supports this idea?
– Animals assist in carrying seeds away from the
parent plant to prevent competition.
– Flowering plants produce small numbers of
seeds.
– Stems hold leaves toward the sun to capture
energy.
– Insects decrease self-pollination of many
plants.
10B – Describe the interactions that occur among systems
that perform the functions of transport, reproduction and
response in plants.
What adaptation enables leaves at
the top of a tall pine tree to receive
water?
– Xylem in the roots, trunk, and branches
– Phloem in the trunk and bark.
– Photosynthesis in the trunk and
branches
– Vacuoles in the cells of the trunk and
roots.
10B – Describe the interactions that occur among systems
that perform the functions of transport, reproduction and
response in plants.
Which structure
regulates gas
exchange during the
process of
photosynthesis and
respiration?
–
–
–
–
Q
R
S
T
10B – Describe the interactions that occur among systems
that perform the functions of transport, reproduction and
response in plants.