Virus/Bacteria Test Review
• Viruses are considered to be nonliving because
they are not made of __________
– cells
• The inner core of a virus contains ___________
________________
– Genetic material
• When a virus invades a living cell, its _______
_______________ takes over the cell’s functions.
– Genetic material
• Unlike the cells of other organisms, the cells of
bacteria do not have _____________.
– nuclei
• The ________ __________ is the outer most
structure of most bacterial cells.
– Cell wall
• Bacteria that are ________________ break down
large chemicals in dead organisms into smaller
chemicals.
– decomposers
• Scientists think that today’s ______________ closely
resemble Earth’s 1st life forms.
– archaebacteria
• _____________ occurs when a bacterium transfers
some of its genetic material to another bacterium.
– Conjugation
• The bacteria that cause Lyme disease are
transmitted through ______ ______________.
– Tick bites
• ________________, such as penicillin, are
chemicals that can kill bacteria.
– Antibiotics
• Why are viruses like parasites?
– They destroy the cells they enter
• A virus needs energy to:
– multiply
• The genetic material of a virus is found in its
– core
• A virus’s proteins are important because they:
– Help the virus attach to its host
• An active virus does NOT:
– Become a part of the host cell’s genetic material
• The ability of a virus that makes them useful in
gene therapy is their ability to:
– Enter cells
• Bacteria can be the following shapes:
– Rod shaped, spiral shaped, round shaped
• __________ ___________ is found in the
cytoplasm of bacterial cells.
– Genetic material
• The process of __________ results in genetically
different bacteria.
– conjugation
• Endospores form during:
– Harsh environmental conditions
• Bacteria called decomposers play an important role
because they:
– Return basic chemicals to the environment
• Bacteria that live in the human body play an
important role by:
– Making vitamins
• An example of indirect contact that spreads
contagious diseases is
– Inhaling infected drops of moisture
• An example of an infectious disease that is not
transmitted by an animal bite is:
– botulism
• The best treatment for most viral infections is:
– Bed rest
• A vaccine works by:
– Activating the body’s natural defenses
• A characteristic of archaebacteria is that they:
– Thrive in extreme environments
• Binary Fission is the bacterial process of:
– Asexual reproduction
• Viruses are considered to be nonliving because
they:
– Are not cells
• The process of breaking down food to release
energy is called:
– respiration
• Heterotrophic bacteria obtain food by:
– Consuming autotrophs & other heterotrophs
• A virus named for the organism that it infects is a:
– bacteriophage
• The _________ provides energy for a virus.
– host
• The ______ provides energy for the virus.
– host
• Virus particles are:
– Smaller than cells
• A virus’ coat does NOT contain:
– Genetic material
• A hidden virus:
– Becomes part of the host cell’s genetic material
• ____________ are always found in bacterial cells.
– Ribosomes
• “Antibiotic Resistant” refers to bacteria that
– Survive in the presence of antibiotics
• __________ can be contracted by inhaling
infected droplets.
– Chicken Pox
• Bacteria are classified in two kingdoms based on
their __________.
– Chemicals
• A virus can multiply only when it is inside its
______
– host
• Although viruses are nonliving, they act like
_____________ because they destroy the cells
in which they multiply.
– parasites
• A virus’s _________________ contains the
instructions for making new viruses.
– Genetic material
• The shape of the ______________ in the virus’ coat
allows the virus to attach to certain cells.
– proteins
• A virus that begins to multiply immediately after it
enters a cell is called an ____________ virus.
– active
• When a _________ virus enters a cell, the virus’s
genetic material becomes a part of the cell’s genetic
material
– hidden
• Some bacteria move using a long, whip-like
structure called a _____________.
– Flagella
• Bacteria are called ________________ because
their genetic material is not contained in nuclei
– Prokaryotes
• Bacterial cells contain ______________ which are
chemical factories where proteins are produced.
– ribosomes
• Many bacteria are called ________________
because they break down large chemicals from
dead organisms to smaller chemicals
– decomposers
• Bacteria in the swellings on the roots of peanut
plants convert ____________ gas from the air
into compounds the plants need to grow.
– nitrogen
• Many bacteria that live in extreme environments,
such as hot springs, belong to the ____________
kingdom.
– Archaebacteria
• When bacteria reproduce by 1 bacteria dividing
& forming 2 identical bacteria, it is
called__________ _________
– Binary fission
• During a process called ________ ________, one
bacterium divides to form 2 identical bacteria.
– Binary fission
• Illnesses that pass from one organism to another
are called ________________.
– Infectious diseases
• Infectious diseases are spread by contact with
contaminated people & objects, with animals, &
with _________________.
– Environmental sources
• Some bacteria cause diseases by producing
poisons known as ______________.
– toxins
• A substance that stimulates the body to produce
chemicals that destroy viruses or bacteria is
called a ______________
– vaccine
• The only characteristic that viruses share with
other living organisms is the ability to
_________.
– Multiply
• Bacteria that survive in the presence of an
antibiotic are said to be ____________ tot eh
antibiotic.
– Resistant
• The previous slides provide correct
answers to questions that appear on
the test. If you study these terms,
you should not have any problem
with this test. The order &
configuration of the questions may
be different than this review.