Federalists vs. Anti-federalists
& the Constitution
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Federalists
Wrote a collection of essays in
support of the new
Constitution.
The purpose of the essays was
to show how the new
Constitution would solve many
of the problems that existed
under the Articles of
Confederation.
Three men combined to write
85 of the essays.
Strong central government.
(Alexander Hamilton, James
Madison, John Jay)
Anti-federalists
• Criticized the adoption of the
Constitution of 1787.
• Opposition to slavery – continue to
exist under the new Constitution.
• States would lose power under the
Constitution.
• Federal Government would be too
powerful. People still fear a strong
central government.
• #1 opposition – NO BILL of RIGHTS
in proposed constitution!
• Anti-Federalists (Patrick Henry,
Samuel Adams, John Hancock,
Richard Henry Lee, George Mason)
THE CONSTITUTION
• PREAMBLE
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6)
A preamble is an introduction. The introduction to the Constitution
lists the goals of the Constitution.
The goals of the Constitution refer to problems under the Articles
of Confederation.
GOALS OF THE CONSTITUTION
Form a More Perfect Union
Establish Justice
Insure Domestic Tranquility
Provide for the Common Defense
Promote the General Welfare
Secure the Blessings of Liberty to Ourselves and Our
Posterity
ARTICLE I: LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
CONGRESS (BICAMERAL) – PURPOSE = MAKE LAWS
SENATE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES • 2 Per State
• Based on State Population
• Originally selected by State
Legislatures
• Directly Elected by People
• Today Directly Elected
MAJOR POWERS OF
CONGRESS
POWERS DENIED CONGRESS
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Tax
Declare War
Raise/Maintain and Army
Regulate Interstate Trade
Tax Imports
Create Postal System
Coin Money
Create Lower Federal Courts
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Suspend Writ of Habeas
Corpus (brought to court)
Pass Bills of Attainder (punish
without trial)
Ex Post Facto Law (punish
after laws is created)
Tax Exports
ARTICLE II: EXECUTIVE BRANCH
PRESIDENT: PURPOSE – ENFORCE THE LAW
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ROLES OF THE
PRESIDENT
Chief Executive
Commander-in-Chief
Legislative Leader
Judicial Leader
Chief of State
Foreign Policy Maker
POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
• Enforce laws passed by
Congress
• Send troops into battle
• Enter into Treaties
• Appoint Federal Judges
• Appoint Ambassadors
• Grant Pardons - Reprieves
ARTICLE III: JUDICIAL BRANCH
SUPREME COURT – PURPOSE – INTERPRET THE LAW
SUPREME COURT
• 9 Justices – Appointed by the President
• Justices serve life terms.
• Supreme Court oversees actions of Congress and the
President. Court uses the Constitution to make sure
government actions are Constitutional.
ARTICLE IV: RELATIONS AMONG THE STATES
This article establishes what the states agree to do for one
another, and what the federal government will provide to each
state.
STATE to STATE
FEDERAL to STATE
• Respect laws, contracts,
etc.. Full Faith & Credit
• Extradition – send criminal to
stand trial in other states.
• Rules for admitting new
states to the Union
• Republican form of
Government
• Protect against invasion
ARTICLE V: AMENDMENTS
PROCESS BY WHICH CHANGES CAN BE MADE TO THE
CONSTITUTION
PROPOSAL
• Amendments to the
Constitution must be
approved by 2/3 of both
houses of Congress to be
proposed
(or)
• 2/3 of the states call for a
national convention for the
proposal of an amendment
RATIFICATION
• Amendments must be ratified
(consent) by ¾ of the State
Legislatures
ARTICLE VI: SUPREMACY OF
NATIONAL LAW
1. All debts contracted under the Articles of
Confederation will be honored by US Government
2. US Constitution, Federal Law, and Treaties are
the Supreme Law of the Land (Supremacy Clause)
3. All Federal Public Officials will take an oath to
protect and support the Constitution
>
ARTICLE VII: RATIFICATION
• For the Constitution to go into effect, it had to be
ratified, approved by 9 of 13 states.
RATIFICATION
9 of 13 STATES
The Bill of Rights
• Amendment
& Assembly
• Amendment
• Amendment
• Amendment
• Amendment
• Amendment
• Amendment
• Amendment
• Amendment
• Amendment
1 – Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion, Petition,
2 – Right to Bear Arms
3 – Quartering of Soldiers
4 – Search & Seizure
5 – Rights of the Accused
6 – Requirements for a Jury Trial
7 – Rules of Common Law
8 – Limits on Criminal Punishment
9 – Rights Kept by the People
10 – Powers of the States and the People
Amendments 11-19
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Amendment
Amendment
Amendment
Amendment
Amendment
Amendment
Amendment
Amendment
Amendment
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
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Suits Against States
Presidential Election Method
Slavery Abolished
Civil Rights Guaranteed
Black voting Rights
Income Tax
Direct Election of Senators
Prohibition
Women’s Voting Rights