Matter
IQ

2/10/14
In the kitchen, you will find 3 different forms
of water. What are these 3 forms, and where
exactly would you find them?
What is matter?

Matter is defined as anything with
mass that takes up space. This
space is known as volume

Matter is made of atoms
Organization of Matter
 These
atoms can be arranged
in 4 phases
 Solid
 Liquid
 Gas
 Plasma
Solid
Atoms are arranged in a highly structured
manner.
 The particles in a solid:




Have a definite shape
Have a definite volume.
Has the lowest kinetic (moving) energy-move
slowly
An ice cube is a solid
Solid


In a solid, the atoms are tightly packed.
They are also arranged in a specific pattern.
Liquid
Atoms are more free to move than
solids,and therefore, have no definite
shape. Liquids take the shape of their
containers.
The particles in a liquid:
 Have no definite shape
 Have a definite volume.
Water is a liquid!!!

Gas
Atoms are very spread out. A gas will fill the
container it is in.
 The particles in a gas:
 Has no definite volume
 Have no definite shape.
 Move by diffusion (spreading out)
 Have the highest kinetic energy-move
quickly
Steam is a gas!
Plasma


Plasma is a gas in which there are
positively and negatively charged
particles. Plasma only really exists in
places with extremely high temperatures.
Most matter in the universe is found as
plasma!!!
IQ
pg 12
2/11/14
How do substances go from phase
to phase? From a solid to a liquid,
liquid to gas?
 By
adding energy (heat) to
particles, the particles get
excited and start to move.
 If you remove energy (heat),
the particles slow down
Cornstarch Lab
1)
Lay paper towels down on table top.
2) Mix your mixture using your popsicle stick.
3. When mixture is just right, it won't splash--it will feel solid. If it
is too powdery, add a little more water. If it's too wet, add more
cornstarch. ASK THE TEACHER FOR WHAT YOU NEED!
4. Play around with your mixture. Pick up a handful and
squeeze it.
•Rest your fingers on the surface of the mixture. Let them sink
down to the bottom of the bowl. Then try to pull them out fast.
What happens?
•Take a blob and roll it between your hands to make a ball.
Then stop rolling.
Page 13




1) What happens when you squeeze the
mixture?
2) Describe the difference between
squeezing the mixture and hitting the mixture.
3) Describe your experience with cornstarch
and water in terms of states of matter.
4) What makes the cornstarch change from
one state to another? Explain.
WHAT HAPPENED

When you squeeze a Cornstarch mixture, it
feels like a solid because its molecules line
up. But it looks like a liquid and acts like a
liquid when no one is pressing on it because
the molecules relax.


When you finish, work on guided reading
from yesterday.
Start on homework when done with all tasks.
IQ
pg 14


2/12/14
Name the phase changes that water must
go through to go from ice cube, to liquid, to
gas.
What must occur for this to happen?
Let’s think about a solid. Are those
particles moving?
 Yes!!! They are just vibrating back
and forth. However, they are very
confined.
 Let’s think about the liquid. Those
particles are moving too but they
have more room to do so.
 And the gas. They are free to move
wherever they want!

PHASE CHANGES
Melting
 To
go from a solid to a liquid, we
add energy (heat)
 When the energy is added, the
solid heats up until it hits the
melting point.
 Ex. Ice cream left outside
 Butter in the microwave
Vaporization
 To
go from a liquid to a gas, we
have to add energy.
 When the heat is added, the liquid
heats up until it hits the boiling
point.
 Ex. Heating water in tea kettle
 Steam in the shower
Condensation




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To go from a gas to liquid, we have to
remove energy.
Gas particles slow down, turning back to
liquid
Ex. Morning dew
Clouds
Water on mirror after shower
A Liquid to a Solid (Freezing)



To go from a liquid to a solid , we remove
energy (taking away heat)
When the energy is removed, the
particles slow down until they hit the
freezing point.
Ex. Putting water or veggies in the freezer.
Freezing point of water: 32 F or 0 C
 Boiling point of water: 212 F or 100 C

IQ

2/13/14
What do you know about dry ice? Explain
what state of matter it is.
Sublimation



When a solid skips the liquid state and turns
directly into gaseous state.
Energy (heat) is added to the substance
ex,. Dry ice
Deposition

Opposite of sublimation. Gas changes
directly into a solid; energy(heat) is removed

Dry ice is solid, frozen carbon dioxide,
which sublimates, or turn to gas, at -78.5
°C or -109.3°F.
Evaporation (liquid to gas)

Vaporization that occurs at a liquid’s
surface, at a temperature below its
boiling point
RAFT activity on phase changes
ROLE
AUDIENCE
FORMAT
TOPIC
Student
grass
Friendly letter
Condensation
Scientist
A window
Set of directions
Sublimation
An ice truck
operator
fire
Poster
Vaporization
An ice cube
cloud
Your choice (get
approval)
Freezing/Melting
water
Your choice (get
approval)
Children’s book
Exo/endothermic
IQ
2/18/14

Give 2 examples of materials that give off
heat.

Give 2 examples of materials that take in
heat.

Be ready to share
Endothermic




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Endo: “inside or within”
Therm: “heat”
Materials that absorb heat during a reaction
Take in more energy than they give off, which
leaves the surroundings cooler than the
starting point.
Ex. melting ice cubes, conversion of frost to
water vapor, photosynthesis
Exothermic

Exo: “outside or external”

Materials that give off heat during a reaction

Gives off more energy than they take in,
leaving the surroundings warmer than the
starting point.
Ex. fire, making ice cubes, rusting iron,
driving a car


2 minutes with a partner, discuss 3 examples
of both exothermic and endothermic
examples in daily life

Think: house, kitchen, cooking, outside,
environment,
Ticket out the door

Describe whether a baking cake is
endothermic or exothermic and explain why.