• You need your ……
ISN, COLORED PENCILS, GLUESTICK,
TEXTBOOK, & “CLIPART” *if you brought it!!
Today’s Work…..
• 1) Finish Ch. 10 Title page (p. 45)
• 2) Pre-Assessments (p. 46)
• 3) Vocabulary Activity (p. 47 & 48)
Ch. 10 Vocabulary…..
• Use pages 47and 48
Definitions/ pictures = glued on page
Vocab. Word = glued on top of def. as a “flap”
• ALL DEF. PICTURES MUST BE IN COLOR!!
(do not color heavy…shade them lightly)
Something to think about….
• If you tried to dig to the center of the Earth,
what do you think you would find?
• Would the Earth be solid or hollow?
• Would it be made of the same material
throughout?
• Would you see things that you have
studied in previous chapters?
Bellwork
(ISN p.49)
Oct.14, 2014
• Copy and answer this question:
• “If you journeyed to the center of the Earth,
what do you think you would observe along the
way?”
• Draw an colorful illustration of your journey!!
• Place your illustration on page 48
• _________________________________________
• (after you are done, paste your notes guide onto pg. 49)
Theory of Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics
Plate Boundaries
Causes of Plate Tectonics
LEARNING TARGET
• I CAN……
Identify and
describe the
three major
layers of the
Earth.
The Earth is made of many
layers…..
• The Earth is divided into three layers:
•
a) Crust
•
b) Mantle
•
c) Core
• Each layer is made of different compounds--- (
meaning it is “composed of two or more elements”).
• The less dense compounds make up the crust, while
the most dense make up the core.
Crust
• Is the outermost layer of
the Earth.
• It’s the thinnest layer and
only about 5 to 100km
thick.
• There are two types of
crust:
• Continental—found on
continents
• Oceanic—found in the
ocean.
Which type of crust is the
most dense?
---------Crust
Which is denser?
• Both oceanic and
continental crust is
made of mostly of the
elements silicon (Si),
oxygen(O2), and
aluminum (Al).
However, the oceanic
crust is much denser
than the continental
crust!!!
Oceanic
Crust
Continental
Crust
Mantle
• Is the middle layer of
the earth and
contains most of the
Earth’s mass!!!
• It is made mostly of
hot molten liquid
called magma.
• It is much more dense
--mantle
than the crust!!!
Core
• Is mainly made of Iron,
which gives the Earth’s
it’s magnetic field!!!. It
also has smaller
amounts of nickel.
• The outer core is liquid,
but the inner core is
solid.
• Q:Why is the inner core
solid?
The core makes up only 1/3 of
the Earth’s mass!!!
Core)
Core
• A: The inner core is
solid because of the
intense pull of
gravity and from all
of the pressure
created from the
layers that rest
above it.
Core)
Bell work 10/16/14
(disprove other choices)
1)
C
2)
C
How Stuff Works!!!
(add these questions to p. 50)
• Watch the video clip and answer the following
questions on the Earth’s core:
• 1) “How” does the core help create the
•
Earth’s magnetic field?
• 2) Is the Earth’s core hotter than the sun?
• 3) What made the Earth’s core hot in the first
•
place?
• Movie Clip: "Earth: The Inner Core"
Bellwork (ISN p.44)
10/14/13
• Copy this Question:
• “If you journeyed to the center of the
Earth, what do you think you would
observe along the way?”
• Draw an illustration of your journey!
• Be sure to incorporate some scientific
terms that we’ve discussed!
LEARNING TARGET…..
• I CAN……
Identify and
describe the 5
major features of
the Earth.
Another way to look at the Earth is to
examine it’s physical features……..
•
•
•
•
•
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Outer core
Inner core
• “Lyrics And Music Often Inspire!”
What is the Lithosphere?
• The crust and part
of the upper mantle
combined make up
the lithosphere:
– About 0 to100 km thick
– Less dense than the
material below it so it
“floats”
– It’s divided into pieces
called tectonic plates.
WHY ISN’T THE LITHOSPERE
HOT?
• The lithosphere does not get heated up to
near-melting because it is losing heat
rapidly to the surface - it is stuck at a
temperature close to 0°C.
What is the
Asthenosphere?
• (is about 100 to 660km thick)
• The lithosphere floats on top of
a plastic -like layer called the
asthenosphere
It is made mostly of molten rock
that flows very slowly like
molasses…(it’s very viscous!!).
What is the Mesosphere?
• (Is about 660 to 2900 km thick)
• It is the strong lower part of the mantle that
extends from the bottom of the
asthenosphere to the Earth’s core.
• Rock in the lower mantle gradually
strengthens with depth, but it is still
capable of flow.
Outer and inner core…..
• Outer core (2900-5170km) is liquid and
composed of an iron-nickel alloy. The
flowing of this liquid generates much of the
Earth’s magnetic field.
• Inner core (5170 -6386km) is solid ironnickel alloy. It is hotter than the outer
core, but the intense pressure keeps it
solid.
Illustration of layers of the Earth:
(mesosphere)
Thursday October 16, 2014
• You need your
•
ISN and Colored Pencils
today!!
Mini Quiz tomorrow!!
(Quick review): Describe each layer
below!!!
• Lithosphere
---Crust
• Asthenosphere
• Mesosphere
and rigid upper mantle
-Is the plastic -like mantle
-----The
lower mantle &
upper core; is firm and rigid
• Outer core ---Made of liquid!!!!
Inner core --made of solid!!!
Activity……
(ISN p. 50)
• Now complete the worksheet: “Diggable
Planet”. Paste this onto page 50 of your
ISN.
• Use the same colors for each layer of the
Earth on both the front and backside of
your handout!!
Now check your answers!!!!!
(Diggable Planet Diagram):
#1) Lithosphere
#5) Asthenosphere
#4) Outer Core
#2) Inner Core
#6) Mesosphere---------
>(lower mantle)
----------#3) Crust
CHECK Illustration of layers of the
Earth:
(mesosphere)
“Label and describe each Layer of the Earth:
Bellwork 10/17/14
Asthenosphere
#2)
__________
(upper mantle)
Crust
#1) ___________
#6 What layer does
the color brown
represent?
Mesosphere
#3)
_____________
(lower mantle)
Mantle
Outer
#4____________
____________
Core
#7) Describe this
“texture/compostion”
#8) What is this layer
“made of?”
Iron
Liquid
Inner
Core
#5) ______________
_____________
Bell Work 10/20
Create a flow chart that
shows how the 3 major
layers of the earth relate to
the 5 physical layers of the
earth.
Bell Work 10/21…
Copy question and answer
1.
Which layer of the Earth contains the
asthenosphere?
mantle
1.
What is the name of the physical layer
that is composed of oceanic or
continental crust? lithosphere
Plate Tectonics
SO IS THIS HOW IT REALLY
HAPPENED???
• Continental Drift "Is this How it Really
Happened?"
Learning Target….
• I can explain the
theories of plate
tectonics,
continental
drifting, and
seafloor
spreading.
What is PLATE TECTONICS?
It’s the theory that states:
“The surface of the Earth is not “fixed”
and eternal, but it is in constant everchanging motion”.
• If you look at a map of the world, you may notice that some of the
continents could fit together like pieces of a puzzle.
---------
Alfred Wegener and the
Continental Drift hypothesis…..
• A German
meteorologist , Alfred
Wegener, believed
that the continents
were once connected
as one large “super
continent” called
• ____________.
PANGAEA
• What does this word
mean? _________
“ALL LAND”
And then there were two…
• Pangaea originally broke • Pangaea 200 million
into two large land masses yrs ago…..
connected by the Tethys
Sea.
• These two land masses were
known as:
• Laurasia (the Northern mass)
• Gondwana (the Southern mass)
Continental Drifting!! Is that
possible??
• Because of
continental drifting,
the continents broke
apart and moved
slowly to their present
day location.
• How did this occur?
• This was caused possibly by
the continents “plowing”
through the ocean floor as the
Earth spins on its axis.
Watch as the continents moved
throughout history to the
present
What proof do we have that the
continents were once connected?
A) Fit of the Continents
• Scholars and cartographers as early as the 1500s saw that
Africa appeared to tuck in neatly against the coasts of
North and South America
• In fact, all of the continents can be arranged to join with
nearly no overlap or gaps!
What proof do we have that the
continents were once connected?
B) Fossil Distribution
• fossils of the same
animals found in both
Africa and S. America
such as the
mesosaurus!!!
• fossils of the same
ancient plants found on
different continents
More proof…..
C) Climate Distribution
fossils of warm-weather
plants were found on islands
of the Arctic ocean (even
glacial deposits were found in
tropical areas of S. America,
Africa, and Australia!!)
More proof????
The Opossums is the only “Marsupial" found
• . of North America!! You know
on the continent
he didn’t swim here!!
 How is the picture to your
left proof the continents were
once connected?
More proof…..
D) Matching rock structures & mountain belts
• similar rock structures found on different continents.
• Parts of Appalachian Mtns. of eastern U.S. similar to those in Greenland
Bell work
10/22/14
• Copy and answer the two questions below.
1) What does the theory of plate tectonics state?
2) In Earth’s various oceans there are huge
chains of underwater volcanoes and valleys that
were formed from the movement of tectonic plates.
How is this possible?
Bell work
10/23/14
• DO NOT COPY Questions... Write the answers
only in complete sentences.
• What is the lithosphere?
• What is the asthenosphere?
• What is the connection between the two?
• What are the two types of plates?
• (True?/False?) As we go deeper down into the
Earth, the temperature and pressure increases.
Pangaea Puzzle ISN (p. 57)
1) Use the clues on your handout to solve the
puzzle to predict what “PANGAEA” looked
liked over 200 million yrs. ago.
(make it colorful!!)
2) Write today’s objective on p.57 and draw a
large circle (the world). Make sure you also cut
out & color your “key” and glue it below your
puzzle.
3) **Use the key to match up the evidence seen
on the continents.
Check your answers!!!
(PANGAEA puzzle)
Bell work
10/24/14
• Explain the theory of
continental drift.
• List the four pieces of
evidence archaeologists used
to determine Pangaea’s
structure.
Continental Drifting and plate
movement…..
• Quick check:
• According to the hypothesis of continental
drifting, what made the continents move to
their present day locations?
• "HOW STUFF WORKS" CONTINENTAL
DRIFTING VIDEO CLIP
• Was Wegner’s idea completely correct
when explaining how continents move?