22.4 FLOWERING PLANTS
Flowers & Fruits
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Angiosperm – make up the vast majority of plant species
Reproductive organs are called flowers
Flowers contain ovaries which surround & protect the seeds
Reproduce sexually by means of flowers
After fertilization, ovaries within the flowers develop into fruit
Fruit surround, protect, and help disperse seeds
Advantages of Flowers
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Attract animals
Drawn by color, scent, or shape
Pollination by animal/insect is much more efficient than by wind
Advantages of Fruit
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A structure containing one or more matured ovaries
Fruit wall helps disperse the seeds inside it
Animal eats the fruit, digests it, and has traveled by the time it eliminates it
Angiosperm Classification
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Monocots – embryos with 1 seed leaf (single group)
Dicots – embryos with 2 seed leaves (placed in a variety of different catagories)
And can’t be used for classification anymore
Angiosperm Diversity
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Often grouped according to the number of their seed leaves, strength and composition
of their stem, & number of growing seasons they live
Monocots & Dicots
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Monocots (corn, wheat, lilies, orchids, and palms)
o First plants to be grown in mass quantities for food
o Single cotyledon (seed leaves), parallel veins, flowers in multiples of 3, vascular
bundles scattered throughout the stem, and fibrous roots
Dicots ( roses, clover, tomatoes, oaks, and daisies)
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2 cotyledon, branched veins, floral parts in multiples or 4 or 5, vascular bundles
arranged in a ring, tap roots
Woody & Herbaceous Plants (stem characteristics)
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Woody plants have cells with thick cell walls that support the plant body (trees, shrubs,
and vines)
Herbaceous plants do not produce wood as they grow (dandelions, zinnias, petunias,
sunflowers)
Annuals, Biennials & Perennials
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Annuals grow from seed to maturity, flower, produce seed and die in 1 year
Biennials sprout and grow short stems and some leaves in 1st year, grow new stems &
leaves, flower, produce seeds and die in 2nd year
Perennials-most have woody stems, die each winter and are replaced in the spring