Let’s draw and label the life
cycle of a mushroom

Please sketch the following diagram in
your notes…it will be helpful in the future!
Kingdom Plantae
Biology 11
Mrs. LeBlanc
September 22nd, 2013
Kingdom Plantae
Multi-cellular
 Autotrophic
 Eukaryotic
 Cell walls made of cellulose
 Store food in the form of starch

 Have
chloroplasts containing
chlorophyll
 Most are terrestrial although there
are exceptions
Nonvascular
 No
vessels
 No roots
 No stems
 No leaves
 Ex: Mosses and
liverworts
Vascular
 Have
vessels to
transport food and
water
 They have roots,
stems or leaves
 Ex: grass, corn,
trees, flowers,
bushes
 Xylem:
transports water
 Phloem: transports food & nutrients

Seedless plants (e.g., ferns) have a vascular
system but reproduce using spores.
 Seed
plants reproduce using seeds
Seed Plants







Gymnosperms have seeds that
are not enclosed.
"naked seeds"
cone bearing plants (seeds grow
on cones)
needle like leaves
usually stay green year round
wind pollinated
Examples: pine trees &
evergreens
Angiosperms are the most successful group
of plants
 They have co-evolved with insects to
improve pollination.
 Flowering plants
 Seeds are enclosed, usually in a fruit
 Most are pollinated by birds & bees
 Have finite growing seasons
 Examples: grasses, tulips, oaks, dandelions
 Divided into two main groups:
Monocots & Dicots

Monocots
Angiosperms have 1
seed leaf (cotyledon)
 parallel veins on leaves
 3 part symmetry for
flowers
 fibrous roots
 Example: lilies, onions,
corn, grasses, wheat
 Vascular tissue
scattered

Dicots
Angiosperms that have 2
seed leaves (cotyledons)
 net veins on leaves
 flowers have 4-5 parts
 taproots
 Examples: trees and
ornamental flowers
 Vascular tissue arranged
in a ring

Success of Angiosperms
Transport gametes over great distances.
 Efficient dispersal via fruit.
 Tough, water resistant leaves for survival
in hostile environments.

Pollination
Birds are
attracted to red
flowers.
 Bees can see
colors that
humans cannot.
 Moth-pollinated
flowers are
white and
bloom at night.

Many insects are attracted to
odors. One species smells like
rotting meat and is pollinated by
flies.
 Flowers are often shaped so that
non-pollinators cannot reach
nectar or pollen. For example,
hummingbird-pollinated flowers
are long, and shaped like the bill
of a hummingbird.
 Wind-pollinated flowers are small,
have no petals and little color and
do not produce nectar.

Problems living in a terrestrial
ecosystem

Support - in water, the plant is held up.
On land, a support system is required.
Getting Water and Nutrients
Aquatic plants are surrounded by water and
nutrients so most cells can just absorb them the
environment. Terrestrial plants require a system for
collecting and transporting water.
 Plants developed root systems that can collect and
transport water. Some plants have shallow roots
which spread out to collect water.
 Water carrying minerals from the roots can travel
to all parts of the plant and food made in the
leaves can travel to non-photosynthetic parts of the
plant.

Drying Out
Leaves are covered by a
waterproof outer layer
called the cuticle.
 Openings in the leaves
called stomata allow
passage of gases for
photosynthesis but can be
closed when it is too
warm.
 Gymnosperms have very
narrow leaves to minimize
water loss.

Spreading Gametes
Spores – tiny reproductive cells are carried
long distance by the wind
 Seeds:

– The embryo inside the seed is surrounded by a
tough, drought-resistant, protective seed coat.
Food packaged in the seed provides energy for
the young plant until it can grow above the soil
and begin photosynthesizing.
– Adaptations of seeds help in their dispersal.
Some seeds are carried by wind, stick to the fur
of animals or are eaten.
Today’s Work –Monday
September 22nd
1.
Complete the Monocot/Dicot colouring
with the large lily on the back and pass it
in!
YOU SHOULD BE VERY FAMILIAR
WITH THIS COLOURING FOR THE
UNIT TEST!