Chapter 14
Europe in the Middle Ages
Terms to know:
 Knight,
Middle Ages, medieval, feudalism,
manor, serf
I. Feudalism and the Manor
System
 Read
page 394
 Create a hierarchy (consisting of 3 levels)
based on the 3rd paragraph
 ___________
 ___________
 ___________
A. Middle Ages
 1.
The Middle Ages is the time period
between ancient times (c. 500) and
modern times (c. 1500).
 2. This time period is aka as the Medieval
Period. (Latin for Middle Ages)
Middle Ages- Times of
Castles…
Collapse of Roman Empire
 The
Middle Ages
began with the
collapse of the
Roman Empire in
Western Europe.
 The
Roman Empire
collapsed from
invasions from the
North. (The Vikings
and the Franks.)
Map of Invasions
King of the Franks
 In
768 a skilled military leader named
Charlemagne became King of the Franks.
 He expanded the kingdom by taking over
weaker kingdoms and ruled for 50 years.
He established schools and
promoted learning
He spread Christianity
He issued money and improved the
economy.
Castle
in
Heidelberg
Kingdom Falls
 After
Charlemagne's death- his kingdom
was divided into 3 parts. One for each of
his sons and soon after the kingdoms were
taken over by other stronger kingdoms.
Feudal System
 What
was feudalism?
 By c. 1000 feudalism was firmly in place as
a social hierarchy system.
 The power belonged to the people who
controlled most of the land. The nobles
gave fiefs (feefs)to their vassals. A vassal is
a holder of land by feudal tenure.
 Summarize the feudal duties. Pg. 397
The Manor System
 What
is manorialism?
 What are the roles of the lord of the
manor?
 What are the roles of noblewomen?
 Summarize the plight of the poor…

pg. 398-399
Lesson 2
 The
Church and the Rise of Cities
 Terms to know: clergy, excommunication,
guild, apprentice, chivalry, troubadour
The Church and the Rise of
Gothic Style
Cities
Church
Rural Village
Church
 During
the
Middle Ages in
Europe almost
all of the
people were
Roman
Catholic- the
Roman
Catholic
Church had so
much influence
during this time
it was often
referred to as
the Church.
Medieval
Churches
Huge Medieval churches
dominated the
landscape in Europe
both in the cities and in
the villages.
A Cathedral served as a
meeting place, house of
Churches Religious and
Economic Power


Life was difficult and
hard during the Middle
Ages.
Christians were
comforted that they
would enjoy the
rewards of heaven if
they lived right lives but
they also knew if they
did not live right lives
they would be
punished after death.




The church also gained
economic power by
collecting taxes.
The church also took
fiefs from lords in
exchange for services
performed by the
clergy.
The church became
the largest land owner
in Europe during this
time.
HUMMMM…
Since the Church had
influence over religious
and economic
matters- the Church
was able to take on
many roles of
___________.
The church also made
laws and
_____________________
to enforce them.
The church also
threatened
excommunication to
anyone who did not
Church officials
were advisors to
the Kings and
lords…
Political Power
of the Church
The Church also used
its influence to limit
feudal warfare in the
1100’s.
Middle Ages Clergy
 What
is monasticism?
 Religious communities helped improve
the economy of the Middle Ages by
developing better ways to grow crops
and tend to livestock.
 Monks transcribed religious texts from
ancient times.
 Convents gave women the chance to
become educated.
Trade Revives and Towns
Grow


During the Middle
Ages, trade began
to recover, people
felt safe to travel to
other areas.
European merchants
traveled and
brought goods back
to sell first at small
markets then at
trade fairs.
During this time, manors
became overcrowded
and could not provide
basic needs for the
peasants.
Many lords allowed
peasants to buy their
Life in towns and cities




Around 1300 towns
were growing into
cities. Paris had a
population of
300,000.
The largest city in the
world for that time.
How many people
live in Southaven?...
Population in July
2009: 45,395


Towns and cities
were not selfsufficient and
depended on an
exchange of money
for goods and
services.
The new Middle
Class developed
during this time too…
nobles, MIDDLE
CLASS, peasants.
Role of Guilds
 The
role of a guild
was to allow
merchants, traders,
and craftworkers to
determine quality
and quantity of
goods to be sold.
 Define guild-
 Guilds
set prices
 prevented
outsiders from
selling goods in
town
 Determined quality
of goods
 Guild members
paid dues



Other important
things you should
know…
http://www.insect
ainspecta.com/flea
s/bdeath/Black.ht
ml link to the
Black Death the
three types of
plagues.
The Bubonic
plague wiped out
one-third of
Europe’s
population
between 13471351.
How to become
a member of a
guild.
What are the
steps to become
a guild member?
Medieval Culture
 Growing
cities attracted traveling scholars
to the cathedral schools.
 Life was chronicled by troubadours and
chivalry was the code of the day…
 What is chivalry and what are
troubadours?
Lesson 3
 The
Crusades
 What does crusade mean?
 Terms to know:
 Holy Land, Crusades, Jerusalem, pilgrim,
Turks, nation, Magna Carta, Model
Parliament, Hundred Years’ War, Joan of
Arc, Henry VIII
The Crusades
 On
page 409- Pope Urban II called the
people of Europe to war.
 Why would a pope call the people to
war? Isn’t that the job of a king?
 Read on and explain why the pope
called the people to war.
 Define Holy Land and note its location.
The Crusades
 What
were the Crusades?
 The word comes from crux, the Latin term
for “cross.” People who carried the
Christian cross into battle against the nonChristian enemy were called crusaders.
 What was the cause of the Crusades?
The Crusades
 What
city in the Holy Land attracted
religious pilgrims?
 Why did the Christians travel to the Holy
Land?
 Why would this place be considered
holy?
 Jerusalem,
to worship and walk the same
places as Jesus and people from the
Bible.
The Cause for the Crusades
 For
centuries, Europeans made the trip to
visit the Holy Land; however in the 1000’s
things began to change. The Arab
Muslims who have always controlled this
area had been taken over by a group of
people called the Seljuk Turks. This group
would sometimes attack Christian pilgrims
from Europe and closed the routes to
Jeruslaem.