October 25, 2013
Chapters 21 & 22
Agenda:
Today: Early 20th cent. & between World
Wars
 11/8 – Modernity; Jeopardy Review
 11/15 – Warhol Museum
 11/22 – Warhol Presentations
 11/29 – NO CLASS
 12/6 – Review for final – finish paintings!
 12/13 – Final Exam!

Early 20th Century

Many things were changing/developing:
 Wright Brother’s
 Freud’s dream interpretation

Industrial Revolution:
 Creating thousands of new jobs
 Vaccinations and public health lead to longer
life and lower birth rates
FAUVISM 1905-1907
“les fauves” – the wild beast

Henri Matisse – leader of Fauvism

Vigorous brushwork and large flat color

Expanded on innovations of PostImpressionism
“Harmony in Red” by Matisse
“Joy of Life” by Matisse;
1905-1906
“London Bridge” by Andre
Derain; 1906
EXPRESSIONISM

Emphasizes inner feelings and emotions
over objective depiction

German Expressionists
 The Bridge – founded by Ernest Ludwig
 The Blue Rider – lead by Wassily Kandinsky
“Street, Berlin” by Kirchner;
1913
“Self-Portrait with an Amber Necklace”
by Paula Modersohn-Becker; 1906
“Blue Mountain” by Wassily
Kandinsky; 1908-1909
“Composition, IV” by
Kandinsky; 1911
CUBISM

Emphasized pictorial composition over
personal expression

Reconstruction of objects based on
geometric abstraction

Analyzed subjects from various angles,
then painted the abstract references
CUBISM con’t.

Mental concepts of seeing something
from all sides

Aimed to show objects as the mind
sees, rather than eye perceives them

Synthetic cubism – modifying cubism
with color, texture & patterned surfaces
and use of cutout shapes
“Les Demoiselles d’Avignon” or “Young Ladies of Avignon”
by Picasso; 1907
“Gardanne” by Cezanne;
1885-1886
“Houses at l’Estaque” by
Braque; 1908
“The Portuguese” by Braque;
1911
“Guitar” by Picasso; 19121913
“Violin, Fruit, and Wineglass”
by Picasso; 1913
Constantin Bruncusi
“Sleep” in 1908
“Sleeping Muse I” in 1909-11
“Newborn I” in 1915
“Bird in Space” by Bruncusi;
1928
“The Steerage” by Alfred
Stieglitz; 1907
“Evening Star” by Georgia
O’Keefe; 1917
O’Keeffe, Blue Morning Glories, New Mexico, II, 1935
“Unique Forms of Continuity in Space”
by Umbero Boccioni; 1913
“Nude Descending a Staircase” by
Marcel Duchamp; 1912
Chapter 22
DADA

Began in protest against the horrors of
WWI

Began in Zurich as a rallying cry

They rejected most moral, social, political,
and aesthetic values

Aimed to shock viewers into seeing
absurdity of Western World’s social and
political situation
“Fountain” by Marcel Duchamp; 1919
“L.H.O.O.Q” by Marcel Duchamp;
1919
“Cadeau” or “Gift” by Man Ray; 1958
“The Spirit of Our Time” by Raoul
Hausmann; 1919
“The Multi-Millionaire” by Hannah
Höch; 1912
SURREALISM

Launched in Paris

Group of writers and painters gathered
to protest direction of European culture

Focused on unconscious mind, dreams,
fantasies, and hallucinations

Drew on psychology of Sigmund Freud
“The Horde” by Max Ernest; 1927
“The Persistence of Memory” by
Salvador Dali; 1931
CONSTRUCTIVISM

Revolutionary movement that began in
Russia

Seeking to create art that is relevant to
modern life in form, materials, and
content

Rejected traditional view of space, as
did Cubists
“Architectonic Composition” by
Lyubov Popova; 1917
“Give Me Sun at Night” by Aleksandr
Rodchenko; 1923
De Stijl – “The Style”
“Composition (Blue, Red, and Yellow)”
by Piet Mondrain; 1922
POLITICAL PROTEST

Many artists in the interwar period
focused their art on political life

Protesting against Fascism and
dictatorship was a dominant theme
“Guernica” by Picasso

Influenced by “experimental” mass
bombing of the defenseless down of
Guernica

General Franco had allowed Hitler to use
his war machinery on the down as a demo
of military power

Bombing leveled 15 square block city
center
“Guernica” by Pablo Picasso; 1937
AMERICAN REGIONALISM

1930’s the spread of
the Depression,
along with political
upheaval, helped
motivate artists in
the U.S.
“American Gothic” by Grant Wood;
1930
Harlem Renaissance

Major force behind
it, “The New Negro”
by Alain Locke

Included poets,
musicians, novelists,
and visual artists
“Forever Free” by Sargent
Johnson; 1933
ORGANIC ABSTRACTION

Fascist and Communist regimes in
Germany and Russia suppressed
modern art

Abstraction Creation in 1931
 Formed in opposition
 Abstract art became a statement on
personal freedom
“Forms in Echelon” by Barbara
Hepworth; 1938