Learning approach part 2
11-13-05
Review:
Unconditioned
Unconditioned
Stimulus
(Something
happens!)
Response
(Reaction!)
Conditioning…
Add another
stimulus! Call
it Conditioned
stimulus
Unconditioned
Unconditioned
Stimulus
(Something
happens!)
Response
(Reaction!)
If the response occurs with just the
conditioned stimulus, your response
becomes a conditioned response!
Add another
stimulus! Call
it Conditioned
stimulus
Unconditioned
Unconditioned
conditioned
Stimulus
(Something
happens!)
Response
Response
(Reaction!)
(Reaction!)
X
X
X
Conditioned stimulus
• Anything that elicits a response not directly
related to the original stimulus.
• For example: can opener promotes drooling.
Classical Conditioning
• Take a stimulus and pair it with an unconditioned
stimulus, and you can eventually get the response.
Unconditioned Stimulus
• Happens whether you plan for it or not.
• Loud noises, bee stings, dog barking
Unconditioned Response
• Happens no matter what… These are
reflexes…
Conditioned Response
• The response that an organism does to a
conditioned stimulus.
• For example: Ambulance sirens can give
some people goosebumps.
Stimulus Discrimination
• When a conditioned response only happens
for a specific sound or pitch or day or color
or dog, etc…
• For example: goose bumps for ambulance
siren, no goose bumps for toy ambulance
sirens…
Stimulus Generalization
• When a response happens to anything close
to the conditioned stimulus.
• I am afraid of all flying insects after getting
stung by a bee.
• I am afraid of all doctors after…
Extinguishing a Conditioned
Response…
• Repeat a conditioned stimulus without
pairing it to the original stimulus.
Reinforcer
• Anything that happens after a response that
either promotes or discourages the response
in the future.
Primary Reinforcer
• A reinforcer that is innately satisfying no
learning takes place to make the
reinforcement pleasurable.
Scolding, Nagging, Criticizing…
• Negative Reinforcers
Activity of 11-13-06
Behavior
you want
to change
1.
2.
3.
4.
Behaviors
you can
shape or
reward
Positive
Positive
Negative
primary
secondary reinforcers
reinforcers reinforcers you could
use
The occurrence of spontaneous
recovery demonstrates that
• extinction does not really result in the
loss of conditioning
Horror movie music, or words
that elicit hunger…
• Higher order conditioning.
Fears, anxieties, phobias
• Conditioned emotional response according
to behaviorists…
According to Behaviorists…
• Needing more of a drug is the result of
conditioning… called conditioned drug
response.
Gold Stars, chocolate, smile…
• Primary reinforcers
Schedules of reinforcement
• "Timetables" that determine when a
response will be reinforced.
Fixed-Ratio Schedule
• Reinforces a behavior after a set number of
responses.
Variable-Ratio Schedule
• A timetable in which responses are
rewarded an average number of time, but on
an unpredictable basis.
Fixed-Interval Schedule
• Reinforces the first appropriated response
after a fixed amount of time has elapsed.
Variable-Interval Schedule
• A timetable in which a response is
reinforced after a variable amount of time
has elapsed.
FFTKAT
• The closer the schedule is to continuous
reinforcement, the faster the individual
learns. However, once behavior is learned,
the intermittent schedules can be effective n
maintaining behavior.