AP Psychology: Chapter 4 & 6 Test Review
Ch. 4
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Absolute threshold for the senses
Just noticeable difference for temperature
Study by Krosnick 1992 of attitudes and subliminal messaging (people exposed to subliminal
negative emotion-arousing photos)
Sensory adaptation
Know anatomy of Eye. Lens, Iris, Pupil, Optic disk, Rods, Cones (dark adaptation)
Red, green and blue light converging at one point leads to your brain to perceive what color
light?
Opponent processing theory
Trichromatic theory
Proffitt’s study of geographical slant (1995)
What does the phenomenon of size constancy imply?
Be familiar with the anatomy of the ear. What might happen if the basilar membrane was longer
according to place theory?
The perception of timber corresponds to a sound wave’s what?
Frequency theory
Know anatomy of taste organ (tongue)
Nontasters vs. Supertasters
What is the perception of smell referred to as?
Which sensory system not project upward through the cerebral cortex?
Be familiar with smell- sensory adaptation.
Where in the brain are sensory receptors in the skin processed?
Kinesthetic system
Occipital, frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes
Ch. 6
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Given scenarios, you should be able to distinguish what is the conditioned response,
unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and unconditioned stimulus.
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Generalization
Response renewal
Higher order conditioning
According to Skinner, a stimulus is a reinforcer if it does what?
Skinner box- cumulative record (steep slope in the line indicates what?)
Discriminative stimulus
What happens when there is a long delay between a response and reinforcement?
Which behavior is most difficult to extinguish?
Fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, variable interval
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Aversive event
Avoidance behavior
Mowrer’s theory of avoiding feared stimulus
Punishment
Evolutionary perspective on learning suggests what?
What highlights the importance of cognitions in observational learning?
Conditioning: nature vs. nurture
Behavior modification
Discriminative stimulus
Thorndike’s Law of Effect