Human Body Part 1
7M and 7E
CORE IDEA: In multicellular organisms, the body is a system of multiple interacting subsystems. These subsystems
are groups of cells that work together to form tissues and organs that are specialized for particular body
functions.
Review Questions
1. List the 8 characteristics of life
2. What are the five kingdoms living things are categorized into? Give an example of each.
3. Organize the following from smallest to largest:
carbon atom, stomach, cell, proteins, epithelial tissue, digestive system, human body
4. Explain how the above terms relate.
5. What are the four different types of tissues in the human body?
6. How do the four tissues work together to make the stomach function?
7. List the 11 body systems in the human body
Digestive System
Organs and Structures –
Relevant Vocabulary
know location and function
oral cavity
tongue
pharynx (throat)
esophagus
stomach
small intestine (villus)
large intestine (colon)
rectum
anus
appendix
salivary glands
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
sphincter
epiglottis
mechanical and chemical digestion
nutrients
absorption
elimination
chyme
enzymes
hydrochloric acid (HCl)
calories (energy)
macromolecules (protein, fats,
and carbohydrates (sugars and starches))
fiber
peristalsis
bolus
capillaries
villus
bile
bile duct
Enzymes:
pepsin
amylase
lipase
Review Questions
1. What is the function of the digestive system?
2. Why do we have to eat?
3. What is the difference between the GI track and accessory organs? What structures belong to each?
5. What is the importance of mechanical digestion and where does it take place?
6. Distinguish between mechanical and chemical digestion?
7. Fill out the chart
Macromolecule
Location of chemical breakdown
Enzyme that breakdown molecule
Carbohydrates
Protein
Lipids
9. What are three things your tongue does for you?
10. How does bile help in lipid digestion?
12. What are the similarities and differences between the small and large intestine?
Small Intestine
Similarities
13. How is the small intestine structured to increase surface area?
14. How does food travels through the digestive track.
Respiratory System and Cellular Respiration
Organs and Structures – know location and
function
Relevant Vocabulary
Large Intestine
nasal cavity
pharynx –throat
larynx- voice box
trachea – windpipe
epiglottis
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
alveolar sac
lungs
diaphragm
nostrils
cilia
vocal cords
breathing
inspiration/expiration (inhalation/exhalation)
respiration
oxygen O2
carbon dioxide CO2
oxidation
anaerobic
aerobic
glucose
Review Questions:
1. What are the two jobs of the respiratory system?
2. What are the three jobs done by the blood vessels, cilia, and mucus in your nasal cavity?
3. Why is it better to breathe through your nose instead of your mouth?
4. Why does your trachea need to have cartilage rings?
5. How does the oxygen you bring into your body get into the circulatory system? (use diffusion in
your response)
6. What position must the diaphragm be in when you inhale? Exhale?
7. How do the terms breathing, circulation, and respiration relate?
8. Explain how oxygen gets from the air we breathe to our cells.
9. What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration? Give an example of an
organism that does each.
10. Fill out the chart below about cellular respiration
Who
What
Where
Why
When
11. Write out the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration?
12. Label the reactants and products.
13. How many atoms are in the reactants? ________Products? ________Show your work.
14. Where is the energy stored?
15. Explain how matter cannot be created or destroyed, but only rearranged through chemical
reactions.
16. Describe how the respiratory and digestive system work together to help humans survive.