7-2: Eukaryotic Cell Organelles
Stem cells
White blood cell trapping bacteria
Skin cells
• The cell is divided into 2 parts: the nucleus
and the cytoplasm.
• The nucleolus is in the nucleus
• Everything else is in the cytoplasm.
• Plant cells: have cell walls & chloroplasts
• Animal cells don’t
Nucleus
• Acts like the control center of the cell.
• Contains the DNA that holds the genetic code
for making proteins.
• Surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Nucleolus
• A small dense region within the nucleus.
• Where the assembly of ribosomes begins.
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes can float freely in the cytoplasm or
be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
• They assemble the proteins for the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum
• Lipid components of the cell membrane are
assembled here. Rough ER makes proteins.
• Both lipids and proteins are transported through
the ER to the outside of the cell.
Golgi
apparatus
• Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and
other materials from the ER.
• Materials are either stored in the Golgi
apparatus or secreted out of the cell.
Lysosomes
• Small organelles filled with enzymes
• The enzymes break down large compounds
such as lipids, carbohydrates and proteins.
• The cell then reuses the smaller compounds
to make new ones.
Vacuoles &
cytoplasm
• Vacuoles store water, salt, proteins and carbohydrates
• Vacuoles also serve as support structures in plants
• The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell in which all
the other organelles float.
Mitochondria
• Mitochondria convert chemical energy stored in
food into compounds the cell can use (ATP)
• The ‘powerhouse’ of the cell
• All our mitochondria come from our mothers.
Chloroplasts
• Found only in plant cells, cyanobacteria.
• Photosynthesis, the process that converts
solar energy to chemical energy, occurs
here
Cytoskeleton
• A network of
protein
filaments that
helps the cell
keep its
shape.
• Also involved
in cell
movement.
Can you name
the organelles?