Organelles in the Cytoplasm
“Little Organs” found in the cell
(1) nucleolus
(2) nucleus
(3) ribosome
(4) vesicle
(5) rough ER
(6) Golgi
apparatus
(7) cytoskeleton
(8) smooth ER
(9) mitochondria
(10) vacuole
(11) cytoplasm
(12) lysosome
(13) centrioles
Ribosomes
Produce proteins
Made up of small
particles of RNA
and protein
Either free in the
cytoplasm or
attached to
Endoplasmic
Reticulum (E.R.)
RIBOSOMES
Produce
proteins and
pass them to
the ER
Spinach makes Popeye active, but for
his cells to be active, ribosomes
create proteins. RIBoSomes…Yum,
protein!
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
Parts of the cell
membrane are
assembled and some
proteins are changed
(modified)
Rough ER –in charge of
protein synthesis
(Called rough because of
ribosomes)
Smooth ER – no ribosomes
present
Contains enzymes that
perform specialized tasks
such as lipid synthesis
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Maze-like
passageway or
hallway that
carries proteins
& other
materials from
one part of the
cell to another
The ER acts like a
conveyor belt
moving materials
from one place to
another.
Golgi Apparatus
Enzymes here attach carbohydrates and
lipids to proteins
Stack of membranes
After the ER makes the proteins, they
moves into the Golgi apparatus
GOLGI BODIES
Looks like a flattened
collection of sacs & tubes
Receives proteins & other
newly formed materials
from the ER
Golgi –Golden Stack of pancakes!
GOLGI BODIES
Packages
proteins &
releases them
outside the cell.
Also, distributes
proteins inside
the cell.
The Cell’s
mailroom
Lysosomes
Small organelle filled with enzymes
Functions to break down lipids,
carbohydrates and proteins from food
into particles that could be utilized by
the rest of the cell
Debris removal (cleans cell)
Break down worn out organelles
LYSOSOMES
Acts as a wrecking
ball that breaks apart
wastes; cleaning
crew… oh the cleaning
power of Lysosome
Lysol!
Small round
structures
Contain powerful
digestive enzymes
that break down
large food
particles &
recycle old cell
parts
Vacuoles
Stores the “stuff” that the cell needs
(water, carbohydrate, salts and
proteins)
Plant and animal cells have vacuoles
Larger in plant cells
VACUOLES
Large, round, waterfilled sac floating in
the cytoplasm
Like your suitcase, a
Most plant cells
vacuole is a storage
have one large
space for the cell.
vacuole
Imagine vacuuming
floor…all of that
Stores food, water the
“stuff” is stored and
can later be
and waste
dumped!
PLANT CELLS
Have a few
extra
organelles
that function
somewhat
differently
Chloroplasts
Organelle in a plant cell
– similar to mitochondria
Use energy from sunlight
to make energy-rich food
molecules in a process
known as
photosynthesis
Gives plants their green
color
Mitochondria
Organelles that release energy from
stored food molecules
“Power house” of the cell
Energy released from the mitochondria
is used by the cell for growth,
development and movement
Found in nearly all eukaryotic cells
MITOCHONDRIA
Rod-shaped
structures
produce most of the
energy a cell needs
to carry out its
Energy Producers:
function
The MIGHTY
The
“powerhouses”
mitochondria!
•CILIA:
•Hair-like projections that
move in waves
•FLAGELLA:
•Long tail-like projection
that moves in whiplike
motion
Cell Analogy Project
1.Obtain Cell Analogy Project from one
of your teachers.
2. Work in groups to draw your own cell
analogy – you must use a different
analogy than the example in the
handout! 
Levels of Organization
Section 7- 4
CELL
Muscle cell
Go to
Section:
TISSUE
ORGAN
Smooth muscle tissue
Stomach
ORGAN SYSTEM
Digestive system