CH06-2006 FINAL Anatomy and Physiology

Cosmetology:

Anatomy and

Physiology

Milady’s

Standard

Cosmetology

MILADY’S

Standard

COSMETOLOGY

Instructor Support Slides

“Remember, you can earn more money, but when time is spent, it is gone forever.”

Zig Ziglar

MILADY’S

Standard

COSMETOLOGY


Objectives

• Explain the importance of anatomy and physiology to the cosmetology profession.

• Describe cells, their structure, and their reproduction.

• Define tissue and identify the types of tissues found in the body.

• Name the 10 main body systems and explain their basic functions.

MILADY’S

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COSMETOLOGY


Anatomy

Defined: The study of the structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye and what it is made of; the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts.

MILADY’S

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COSMETOLOGY


Physiology

Defined: The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures.

MILADY’S

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COSMETOLOGY


Histology

Defined: The study of the science of the minute structures of organic tissues; microscopic anatomy.

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COSMETOLOGY


• Composition

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Centrosome

• Cell membrane

Cells

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• Cell reproduction and division

– Adequate food supply

– Adequate oxygen supply

– Adequate water supply

– Waste elimination

– Proper temperature

• Cell metabolism

– Anabolism

– Catabolism

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Tissues

• Connective tissue

• Epithelial tissue

• Liquid tissue

• Muscular tissue

• Nerve tissue

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Organs

• Brain

• Eyes

• Heart

• Kidneys

• Lungs

• Liver

• Skin

• Stomach/intestines

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Systems

• Circulatory

• Digestive

• Endocrine

• Excretory

• Integumentary

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• Muscular

• Nervous

• Reproductive

• Respiratory

• Skeletal

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MILADY’S

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Skeletal System

• Bone composition

• Osteology

• Primary function

• Joints

• Parts of skull

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• Bones of cranium

• Bones of face

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• Bones of neck

• Bones of trunk/torso

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• Bones of arm and hand

• Bones of leg and foot

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Muscular System

Myology: The study of the structure, function, and diseases of the muscles.

Human body has over 600 muscles responsible for 40% of body’s weight; fibrous tissues with the ability to stretch and contract.

MILADY’S

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COSMETOLOGY


Muscular Tissue

• Striated muscles

• Nonstriated muscles

• Cardiac muscles

MILADY’S

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COSMETOLOGY


• Origin

• Insertion

• Belly

Muscle Parts

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Stimulation of Muscles

• Massage

• Electric current

• Light rays

• Heat rays

• Moist heat

• Nerve impulses

• Chemicals

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COSMETOLOGY


Scalp Muscles

• Epicranius or occipito-frontalis

– Occipitalis

– Frontalis

– Aponeurosis

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Muscles of the

Ear

• Auricularis superior

• Auricularis anterior

• Auricularis posterior

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Muscles of Mastication

• Masseter

• Temporalis

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• Platysma

Neck Muscles

• Sternocleidomastoideus

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Eyebrow Muscles

• Orbicularis oculi

• Corrugator

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Muscles of the Nose

• Procerus

• Other nasal muscles

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Muscles of the Mouth

• Buccinator

• Depressor labii inferious

• Levator anguli oris

• Levator labii sperioris

• Mentalis

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• Orbicularis oris

• Risorius

• Triangularis

• Zygomaticus major and minor

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Muscles – Arms to Body

• Latissimus dorsi

• Pectoralis major and minor

• Serratus anterior

• Trapezius

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Shoulder and Arm Muscles

• Deltoid

• Biceps

• Triceps

• Pronator

• Supinator

• Flexors

• Extensors

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Muscles of the Hand

• Abductor

• Adductor

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Muscles of the Lower

Leg and Foot

• Extensor digitorum longus

• Tibialis anterior

• Peroneus longus

• Peroneus Brevis

• Gastrocnemius

• Soleus

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COSMETOLOGY


Nervous System

Neurology defined: The scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system.

MILADY’S

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COSMETOLOGY


Divisions of the Nervous System

• Cerebrospinal system

• Peripheral nervous system

• Autonomic nervous system

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The Brain and Spinal Cord

• Brain is largest mass of body tissue.

• Average weight is 44 – 48 ounces.

• Twelve pairs of cranial nerves originate in the brain.

• Spinal cord originates in brain.

• Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves extend from the spinal cord.

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Nerve Cell Structure and Function

• Neuron or nerve Cell

• Dendrites

• Axon and axon terminal

• Nerves

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Types of Nerves

• Sensory

• Motor

• Mixed

• Reflex

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Nerves of

Head, Face, and

Neck

• 5 th cranial, trifacial, trigeminal

• 7 th cranial

• Cervical

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Nerves of Arm and Hand

• Nerves of the arm and lower hand

• Nerves of the lower leg

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Circulatory System

• Blood-vascular system

• Lymph-vascular system

• Heart

– Pericardium

– Resting Heart Rate

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Heart Chambers and Valves

• Right and left atrium

• Right and left ventricle

• Valves

• Atria

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Blood Circulation

• Pulmonary circulation

• Systemic or general circulation

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• Arteries

Blood Vessels

• Capillaries

• Veins

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The Blood

• Sticky, salty fluid

• Temperature of 98.6 degrees F

• 1/20 th of body weight

• 8 – 10 pints in adults

• Bright red in arteries

• Dark red in veins (except pulmonary)

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Blood Composition

• Red corpuscles

• White corpuscles

• Blood platelets

• Plasma

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Blood Functions

• Carries water, oxygen, food, secretions to cells

• Carries away carbon dioxide and waste

• Helps equalize body temperature

• Clotting

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Lymph-Vascular Functions

• Nourishment

• Defense

• Remove waste

• Fluid environment

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Arteries of Head, Face, Neck

• Common carotid

• Internal division

• External division

– Superficial temporal artery

– Occipital artery

– Posterior auricular artery

MILADY’S

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Facial Artery

• Submental artery

• Inferior labial artery

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Superficial Temporal Artery

• Frontal artery

• Parietal artery

• Transverse facial artery

• Middle temporal artery

• Anterior auricular artery

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External/Internal

Carotid Artery Branches

• Occipital artery

• Posterior auricular artery

• Supraorbital artery

• Infraorbital artery

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Veins of Head, Face, and Neck

• Internal jugular

• External jugular

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Blood Supply for Arm and Hand

• Ulnar arteries

• Radial arteries

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Blood Supply for Foot and Leg

• Popliteal artery

• Anterior tibial

• Dorsalis pedis

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Endocrine System

• Exocrine or duct glands

• Endocrine or ductless glands

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COSMETOLOGY


Digestive System

• Digestion

• Digestive enzymes

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COSMETOLOGY


Excretory System

• Kidneys

• Liver

• Skin

• Large intestine

• Lungs

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Respiratory System

• Diaphragm

• Lungs

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Integumentary System

• The skin

• Various accessory organs

– Oil glands

– Sweat glands

– Sensory receptors

– Hair

– Nails

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Summary and Review

• Define anatomy, physiology, and histology.

• Why is the study of anatomy, physiology, and histology important to the cosmetologist?

• Name and describe the basic structure of a cell.

MILADY’S

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COSMETOLOGY


• Explain cell metabolism and its purpose.

• List and describe the functions of the five types of tissue found in the human body.

• What are organs?

• List and describe the functions of the main organs found in the body.

MILADY’S

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• Name the 10 body systems and their main functions.

• List the primary functions of bones.

• Name and describe the three types of muscular tissue found in the body.

• Name and describe the three types of nerves found in the body.

MILADY’S

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• Name and briefly describe the three types of blood vessels found in the body.

• List and describe the components of blood.

• Name and discuss the two types of glands found in the human body.

• List the organs of the excretory system and their function.

MILADY’S

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COSMETOLOGY


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CH06-2006 FINAL Anatomy and Physiology

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