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Organelles
Very small size
Can only be observed under a
microscope
Have specific functions
Found throughout cytoplasm
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Organelles Found in Cells
Examples of Organelles include:
Cell Wall – gives the cell its shape
Cell Membrane – regulates what goes in and out
of the cell
Nucleus - Control center of the cell
Nucleolus - makes ribosomes
Cytoplasm – Jelly-like substance that fills the
cell.
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Organelles Found in Cells
Organelles continued:
Mitochondria – Powerhouse of the cell
Ribosomes – produce proteins for the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum (rough & smooth) – canals
for movement
Golgi Bodies – wrap & export proteins
Lysosomes – digests & gets rid of wastes
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Cell Wall
Cell wall
(not all cells)
Nonliving layer
Gives structure and
shape to bacteria,
plant and fungus
cells.
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Plasma Membrane
Cell membrane
Lies immediately
against the cell wall
in plant cells
Made of protein and
phospholipids
Selectively permeable
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Cell or Plasma Membrane
Cell membrane
Living layer
Controls the
movement of
materials into and
out of the cell;
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Cytoplasm of a Cell
Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance
enclosed by cell
membrane;
Make up a little
more than half of
the cells volume;
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More on Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Contains organelles
to carry out
specific jobs
Examples:
chloroplast &
mitochondrion
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Control Organelle
Nucleus
Controls the normal
activities of the cell
Contain the DNA
Contains chromosomes
Bounded by a
nuclear membrane
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More on the Nucleus
Nucleus
Each cell has
fixed number of
chromosomes that
carry genes;
Genes control cell
characteristics
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Nucleolus
•
Cell may have 1 to 3
nucleoli
• Inside nucleus
• Disappears when cell
divides
• Makes ribosomes that
make proteins
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Cell Powerhouse
Mitochondrion
( mitochondria )
Rod shape
Site of Cellular
respiration
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Mitochondria
Cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O
Glucose
(sugar)
Oxygen
Carbon
Dioxide
Water
ATP = Energy
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Cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O
Glucose
(sugar)
Oxygen
Carbon
Dioxide
Water
By regulating cellular respiration,
Mitochondria regulate the amount
of energy produced by the cell
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Prodution of Proteins
Ribosomes
Site of
Protein
Synthesis
“Where they are made”
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Functions in the
delivery of materials
from one part of the
cell to another
For example, delivery
of lipids and hormones
produced by the cell to
the cell membrane for
excretion
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Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth ER
lacks ribosomes
& involved in the
production &
storage of lipids
Rough ER
has ribosomes
on its surface &
makes proteins
to EXPORT
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Golgi Bodies
• Stacks of flattened
sacs
• Have a shipping side &
a receiving side
• Receive & packages
proteins made by ER
• Transport vesicles
with modified proteins
pinch off the ends
Transport
vesicle
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Lysosome
• Contain digestive
enzymes
• Break down food and
worn out cell parts for
cells
• Programmed for cell
death (lyse & release
enzymes to break down
& recycle cell parts)
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Plant Cell
Cell wall
Dead layer
Large empty spaces
present between
cellulose fibers
Freely permeable
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Plant Cell
Cell wall
Made of cellulose
which forms very
thin fibers
Strong and rigid
Found in plant cells
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Plant Cell
Cell wall
Protect and support
the enclosed
substances
(protoplasm)
Give shape to the cell
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Plant Cell Organelles
Chloroplast
Contain the green
pigment chlorophyll
Traps sunlight to
make to make
sugars (food)
Process called photosynthesis
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Chloroplast cont.
Photosynthesis
Light Energy
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon
Dioxide
Water
Glucose
(sugar)
Oxygen
Converts Solar energy
into Chemical energy
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Plant Cell Organelles
Vacuole
Have a large central
vacuole
Contains
Sugars, proteins,
minerals, wastes, &
pigments
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Different kinds of plant
cells
Onion Epidermal Cells
Guard Cells
root hair
Root Hair Cell
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vacuole
cytoplasm
nucleus
mitochondrion
glycogen
granule
Animal cell
No cell wall or
chloroplast
Stores glycogen
in the
cytoplasm for
food energy
cell
membrane
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Animal Cell Organelles
• Near the nucleus
• Paired structures
• Help cell divide
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Different kinds of animal
cells
white blood cell
Amoeba
red blood cell
muscle cell
cheek cells
sperm
nerve cell
Paramecium
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Similarities between plant
cells and animal cells
Both have a cell membrane
surrounding the cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria
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Differences between plant
cells and animal cells
Animal cells
Plant cells
Relatively
smaller in size
Relatively
larger in size
Irregular shape
Regular shape
No cell wall
Cell wall present
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Differences between Plant
Cells and Animal Cells
Animal cells
Plant cells
Vacuole small or
absent
Large central
vacuole
Glycogen as food
storage
Starch as food
storage
Nucleus at the
center
Nucleus near cell
wall
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