Russian Revolution – This term refers to the communist overtake of Russia in 1917.
Adolf Hitler – I was the Nazi leader of Germany who took control during the Great Depression
with promises of prosperity. I pulled my nation out of the depression by creating a war
machine. I joined forces with Benito Mussolini and Emperor Hirohito to create the Axis Powers
during WWII.
Benito Mussolini – I was the fascist leader of Italy during WWII. I was elected because my
country was ravished by the Great Depression.
Appeasement – Giving in to someone’s demands in order to stop further aggression. At the
Munich Peace Conference, the British and the French appeased Hitler by granting him the
Sudetenland.
Neutrality Acts – Acts passed by Congress during WWII to prohibit Americans from traveling on
ships of nations at war, or selling arms to nations at war. Non-military goods could only be sold
on a “cash-and-carry” basis.
Flying Tigers – American volunteer aviators that helped keep supply lines to China open.
Pearl Harbor – A US naval base in the Pacific that was bombed by Japan on December 7, 1941.
The following day, Franklin Roosevelt addressed Congress and called this “a date which will live
in infamy.”
Rationing – Restriction of the use of raw materials in order to conserve supplies for the war
effort; part of a total war effort.
Victory Gardens – Americans growing their own fruits and vegetables to supplement rations.
Office of War Information – This agency controlled radio broadcasts, ad posters and newsreels,
and tried to promote unrest in Germany, Italy and Japan.
Tuskegee Airmen – We were a group of African-American pilots who served as bomber escorts.
Executive Order 9066 – This act by Franklin Roosevelt allowed for tens of thousands of Japanese
Americans to be forcibly moved to internment camps during WWII. Although many feared an
attack on America from within, no Japanese American was ever proved guilty of sabotage or
espionage.
Korematsu v. US – The Supreme Court Case which upheld Executive Order 9066.
George Patton – I was a US General during WWII. I was one of the most successful US
commanders beating Erwin Rommel “Desert Fox” in North Africa.
Dwight Eisenhower – I was the Supreme Allied Commander of the Normandy invasion known as
D-Day. I was elected president when I returned home from WWII as a war hero. As president, I
initiated the interstate system and desegregated Little Rock Central High School.
George Marshall – I was a US General who served as Chief of Staff and the organizer of victory
during WWII. I worked with FDR to urge military preparedness before Pearl Harbor, built up and
supplied an army of 8 million men, and later helped to oversee the creation of the first atomic
bomb.
Vernon Baker – I was awarded the Medal of Honor 52 years after my heroism during the Battle
of the Bulge. I was African American.
Omar Bradley – I was a US General during WWII in the European Theater.
Holocaust – Hitler’s attempt to exterminate the Jews. The concentration camps he established
were uncovered by horrified Allied troops when they liberated Europe.
Bataan Death March – After losing the Philippines to the Japanese, the US and Filipino prisoners
of war were marched to a concentration camp in the Philippines. Many soldiers and marines
died during the long, gruesome march.
Navajo Code Talkers – We developed a code and transmitted messages for the Marines in the
Pacific Theater of Operation. Our code was never broken and was kept secret long after the war
was over.
Battle of Midway – The decisive battle in the Pacific in which the Allies put the Japanese on the
defensive.
Nuremberg Trials – The Allies put surviving Nazi leaders on trial for “crimes against humanity” in
Nuremburg, Germany. This demonstrated that individuals are responsible for their actions even
in times of war.
Douglas MacArthur – I was commander of the Allied Forces in the Pacific Theater of Operation. I
was then assigned to rebuild and reform post-war Japan.
Harry Truman – I was President following the death of FDR. I made the decision to drop the
atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in order to save lives of American troops.
Hiroshima/Nagasaki – The only two sites on which nuclear bombs were dropped in an act of
war.
Cold War – A 45-year time period when the USSR and the USA were rivals but never confronted
each other directly in open warfare due to the possession of nuclear weapons.
Iron Curtain – The term coined by Churchill which refers to cessation of trade and contact
between Eastern and Western Europe when Eastern European nations became satellites of the
USSR.
Truman Doctrine – The USA promised to support Greece and Turkey from Soviet takeover. The
policy was then expanded to assist any country fighting communism.
Marshall Plan – A plan developed by Secretary of State George Marshall to give aid to countries
in war-torn Europe in order to rebuild their economies.
Berlin Airlift – Due to the unification of Western Germany, the USSR blockaded Berlin. The
Western Allies responded by airlifting food and supplies to West Berlin.
Containment Policy – The US policy that commits to not allowing communism to spread.
Mao Zedong – I was the first communist leader of China. I drove Chiang Kai-Shek to the island of
Taiwan.
Korean War – A war between North Korea backed by China and South Korea backed by the
United Nations. This conflict ended in a ceasefire agreement dividing the country at the 38th
parallel.
Sputnik – In 1957 the Soviets launched the first man-made satellite into space. This ushered in a
new age of space exploration and started a space race. It raised the fear that the Soviet Union
might use missiles to send nuclear bombs to the United States.
House Un-American Activities Committee – Congressional committee that investigated actors,
directors, writers, and others about their possible Communist sympathies. The “suspicious”
ones were frequently blacklisted and lost their jobs.
Rosenberg Trial – Julius and Ethel were charged with selling national secrets to the Soviets about
making the atomic bomb. They were found guilty and executed for spying.
Venona Papers – A secret effort by the US to gather and decode messages sent in the 1940s by
Soviet military intelligence agents. They were released by the NSA in 1997 and revealed the
identity of several American spies.
McCarthyism – accusations that communists had infiltrated the US State Department and other
government agencies without real proof. McCarthy was censured (formally criticized) by the
senate.
Jonas Salk – In 1953 I developed the first vaccine for polio using a dead virus.
Civil Rights Movement – Movement to end discrimination based on race, age, gender, and
religion during the 1950s and 1960s.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – Supreme Court case that declared separate but equal facilities are
constitutional. This court case was overturned by Brown v. Board of Education.
Sweatt v. Painter (1950) – Supreme Court case that argued a separate law school for AfricanAmerican students at UT did not qualify as equal claiming many aspects of quality cannot be
measured. Thurgood Marshall, a lawyer for the NAACP, argued for Sweatt in this case.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) – Supreme Court case that claimed separate facilities are
inherently unequal, and thus, overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. Linda Brown and other African-
American students had been denied admission to a public school near their homes. The NAACP
argued that these students were being denied equal protection of the law due to them under
the Fourteenth Amendment. Thurgood Marshall argued for Linda Brown in support of
desegregation.
Thurgood Marshall – I was a lawyer for the NAACP and the first African-American Supreme
Court Justice.
Martin Luther King, Jr. – I was a pastor from Montgomery who led a bus boycott that lasted 13
months and ended with desegregation of the bus system. I became a leading figure in the Civil
Rights Movement until my assassination in 1968.
Rosa Parks – I was an African-American seamstress who refused to surrender my bus seat to a
white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama.
Orval Faubus – I was a liberal democrat who was governor of Arkansas when the Little Rock Nine
attempted to enter Little Rock High School. I ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prohibit
the students from entering.
Lester Maddox – I was a restaurant owner who rose to national attention when I wielded an axe
handle at African Americans seeking to enter my whites-only restaurant. When ordered by the
courts, I sold my restaurant rather than admit African Americans. I eventually became governor
of Georgia.
George Wallace – I was the governor of Alabama who stood at the door to the University of
Alabama in a symbolic attempt to prevent two African-American students from enrolling.
Civil Rights Act 1957– passed by Eisenhower’s administration. This increased African-American
voting in the South and created the Civil Rights Commission and established a Civil Rights
Division in the US Justice Department.
Civil Rights Act 1964 – prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, or ethnic origin in
all places of employment doing business with the federal government or engaged in interstate
commerce. Gave the federal government the power to register voters and to establish the
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to enforce the acts provisions.
Affirmative Action – requiring employers to take positive steps to raise the number of their
minority employees to correct past imbalances.
Billy Graham – I was a prominent supporter of civil rights. I was a Christian preacher and
spiritual adviser to several US Presidents. I rose to fame for my staunch anti-Communism. I
paid to bail out Dr. King from jail and made a public revival tour with him in 1957. That same
year, I advised Eisenhower to send federal troops to help the Little Rock Nine. During my
lifetime, I preached to millions of people in almost 200 countries. I was one of the first
preachers to address large crowds behind the Iron Curtain, calling for world peace.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy – I served as 35th US President bringing a new spirit of youthful vigor to
the White House. I supported civil rights, the space program, and freedom around the world as
part of my “New Frontier.”
John Glenn – In 1962 I was the first American to orbit the earth.
Bay of Pigs Invasion – failed US invasion into Cuba to overthrow communist dictator Fidel
Castro.
Cuban Missile Crisis – A tense 13-day period in October 1962 when Russia placed nuclear
missiles in Cuba. Kennedy ended the standoff with Khrushchev when the US agreed to take its
missiles out of Turkey and the Soviets agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba. Led to the
installment of the hotline (between the Kremlin and the White House) to provide quicker
communication.
Lyndon Baines Johnson – As president I pushed for reforms to alleviate poverty and end
discrimination through my Great Society. I instituted changes in immigration policy and
increased involvement in the Vietnam War.
Great Society – Johnson’s programs to end discrimination and alleviate poverty.
Barry Goldwater – I ran for president against Lyndon Johnson in 1964 as a conservative.
Anti-war Movement – begun by youth who objected to the Vietnam War. Eventually influenced
US foreign policy.
Women’s Liberation Movement – objected to traditional roles of women; focused on gaining
economic and social equality.
Betty Friedan – I was a leader of the Women’s Liberation Movement. I wrote The Feminist
Mystique and helped created NOW: National Organization of Women.
Title IX – promoted gender equality in high school and college education.
Black Power Movement – sought African American control of their own communities to free
themselves from domination of white culture. Malcolm X was a prominent leader.
Black Panthers – a black power group.
Chicano Movement – sought to correct past discrimination and racism against Mexican
Americans. Lead by Hector Garcia and Cesar Chavez.
Hector Garcia – I challenged discrimination against Mexican Americans in the military.
Cesar Chavez – I organized farm workers using non-violent methods.
Dolores Huerta – I worked with Cesar Chavez to organize farm workers using non-violent
methods.
American Indian Movement – Red Power raised respect for Indians. Occupied Alcatraz and
Wounded Knee. Completed the Trail of Broken Treaties in protest of unfulfilled promised to
Native Americans.
Mendez v. Westminster (1947) – No segregation of Mexican-American children without specific
state law.
Hernandez v. Texas (1954) – Mexican Americans cannot be systematically excluded in practice
from juries.
Delgado v. Bastrop ISD (1948) – Segregation of Mexican-American students in schools in Texas is
illegal.
Edgewood ISD v. Kirby (1984) – State must revise its school funding ststem.
White v. Regestser (1973) – Required single-member districts in Dallas and Bexar counties so
local groups could elect their own representatives.
Vietnam War – Vietcong with North Vietnamese support attacked South Vietnamese
government. The US intervened to stop fall of a row of dominoes to Communism. Led to a large
number of US casualties, distrust of American leaders, and the passing of the War Powers
Resolution.
Domino Theory – the fear that if one country fell to communism, others nearby would fall as
well.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964) – Johnson said the North Vietnamese had attacked US ships in
international waters in the Gulf of Tonkin. Congress voted to give Johnson full military powers
to stop North Vietnam’s aggression. Years later, it was revealed that the US ships had actually
been in North Vietnamese waters in cooperation with South Vietnamese warships that were
bombing North Vietnam.
Vietnamization – the policy which allowed the army of South Vietnam to gradually take over the
brunt of fighting. This allowed the withdrawal of US forces. At the same time, Nixon increased
American bombing in North Vietnam and provided military aid to South Vietnam.
Roy Benavidez – Facing constant enemy fire, I carried wounded members of my platoon to
rescue helicopters. I was wounded but refused to stop gathering survivors, saving the lives of
eight men. I was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor by Ronald Reagan in 1981.
Tet Offensive – The Vietcong launched a massive offensive throughout South Vietnam, seizing
many cities. Once in control, the Vietcong committed brutal acts of terror against South
Vietnamese officials. This proved to the American public that the Vietcong were far stronger
than the US government had been portraying.
Credibility Gap – President Johnson told Americans they were winning the war while journalists
reported otherwise. Americans lost faith in their government when they realized the
government had been misinforming them.
Silent Majority – The term used by Nixon and Agnew because they insisted that most Americans
still supported the war.
Fall of Saigon – In April 1975, this city fell to North Vietnamese forces. This marked the end of
the Vietnam War. South Vietnamese government officials, military officers, and soldiers who
had supported the American presence in Vietnam were sent to Communist “re-education
camps,” where they faced torture, disease, and malnutrition.
Beat Generation – the 1950s group that rebelled against conformity. Tis movement began with
a small group of young writers who were college students in New York City and later moved to
San Francisco. They were care-free, often reckless, in their approach to literature. Ex. Allen
Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, Joseph Heller, Kurt Vonnegut, and Philip Roth.
26th Amendment – lowered the voting age from 21 to18.
Richard Nixon – I was the US President who established relations with Communist China and
began a policy of détente with the Soviet Union. I withdrew troops from South Vietnam. To
deal with inflation, I cut domestic programs and imposed temporary price and wage controls.
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) – John Tinker and his sister were suspended from school for wearing
black armbands to protest the Vietnam War. The Supreme Court ruled that this violated the
students’ First Amendment rights, and that the students have the right to wear armbands to
protest the war.
Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) – Supreme Court Case in which the court struck down a Wisconsin
state law that required Amish children to attend school beyond 8th grade. The court found that
this state law violated the parents’ freedom of religion since the state’s secondary education
conflicted with Amish values and beliefs and was contrary to their way of life.
Phyllis Schlafly – I was a conservative political activist and an outspoken critic of the Equal Rights
Amendment because I believed it would reduce the rights of wives and could lead to unisex
bathrooms or women serving in combat roles.
Environmental Protection Act (EPA) – Nixon signed a law that created this agency to protect the
environment. It sets air and water pollution standards for cities, and engages in monitoring and
enforcement activities. New construction projects must pass through detailed environmental
impact reviews before being approved.
Endangered Species Act – passed in 1973 this law requires the Fish and Wildlife Service to list
species of plants and animals that are threatened with extinction, and then to take further steps
to protect them.
Détente – “thawing” or easing of tensions during the Cold War.
Watergate Scandal – former CIA agents were caught breaking into the Democratic Party
headquarters in the Watergate building. During Senate hearings, a presidential aide admitted
that Nixon knew of the cover-up. It was revealed that President Nixon secretly tape-recorded
conversations in the White House. Nixon refused to hand them to Congress, claiming Executive
Privilege. The Supreme Court ordered Nixon to hand over the taped conversations to Congress.
Faced with impeachment, Nixon resigned the Presidency in August 1974.
Gerald Ford – I replaced Spiro Agnew as vice president. I took the office of president when
Nixon resigned and pardoned Nixon.
OPEC – oil exporting cartel in the Middle East. In 1973 OPEC put an oil embargo on the US and
Western European nations for siding with Israel. This caused a severe gas shortage.
(Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)
Jimmy Carter – I campaigned on a promise to clean up Washington. I wanted the US to set a
moral example to other nations.
Camp David Accords – meeting between Israeli Prime Minister and Egyptian President hosted by
President Carter. An agreement between the two leaders was reached in which Israel agreed to
return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt and Egypt offered a peace treaty and normal diplomatic
relations with Israel. This ended 30 years of warfare.
Iran Hostage Crisis – When the Shah of Iran was overthrown, Iranian students seized the staff of
the U.S. Embassy and held them for more than a year during Carter’s presidency.
Newt Gingrich – I was a conservative Speaker of the House during the 1990s. I authored the
Contract with America.
Ronald Reagan – I was elected president with the support of conservatives. I set out to reduce
the role of the federal government in American life. I slashed federal programs, cut taxes on
businesses, and reduced federal regulations to encourage private competition.
Sun Belt – the West and the South which saw a sharp rise in population during the 1960s and
70s.
Peace through Strength – Reagan’s policy of increasing military spending.
Star Wars – Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative to research ways to protect America from
nuclear attack by the Soviets.
Reaganomics – reducing federal regulations to encourage businesses to produce more goods.
Increased supply drops prices, increases employment, and ends stagflation (inflation). Also
called supply-side economics.
Reagan Doctrine – a commitment to reducing Communism in the world not just containing it.
Following this doctrine, the US sent troops to Grenada, Nicaragua, and Afghanistan.
Sandra Day O’Connor – I was the first female Supreme Court Justice and was appointed by
Reagan. During the 1980s I voted conservatively but became a swing voter during the 1990s.
GATT/WTO – General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade formed in 1947 to further trade by
reducing tariff levels. In 1994, GATT was replaced by the World Trade Organization, an
international organization that establishes rules for global trade and helps settle disputes.
NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement. This trade agreement between the US,
Canada, and Mexico reduces trade restrictions.
National Rifle Association (NRA) – promotes rifle shooting and marksmanship skills. After the
passage of the Gun Control Act of 1968, the organization became more political.
Heritage Foundation – a think-tank based in Washington D.C. which promotes conservative
policies based on the principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom,
values, and a strong national defense.
Moral Majority – fundamental Christians led by Jerry Falwell. This group favored a strict
interpretation of the Bible and had an agenda that was socially conservative and antiCommunist.
Iran-Contra Affair – Officials sold weapons to Iran to free hostages; the proceeds helped supply
Contras in Nicaragua, despite a Congressional ban.
Contract with America – A program of conservative principles proposed by Speaker of the House
Newt Gingrich in 1994. Gingrich argued that the federal government was too large and no
longer responsive to the people it served. He claimed federal programs had taken away
personal responsibility from families and individuals.
George H. W. Bush – I continued Reagan’s policies as president. The Cold War ended during my
presidency.
Rust Belt – areas of the Northeast and Midwest with coal and iron resources which had once
been the center of American industry saw decreases in prosperity during the 70s and 80s.
Persian Gulf War – In August 1990, Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, capturing its vast oil wealth
and extending Iraq’s borders. Hussein refused requests by the UN to withdraw. Under US
leadership, the UN sent forces to attack Iraq. In only a few days, the invasion succeeded.
Hussein agreed to remove all Iraqi troops from Kuwait and pay Kuwait for damages. This was an
important foreign policy success for George H. W. Bush.
Bill Clinton – I was a US President who attempted to enact comprehensive health care reform
but failed to do so. I reduced defense spending and signed a welfare reform law. The economy
boomed during my terms in office due in part to the rise of the computer industry.
Impeachment – the judgment given to Bill Clinton in the House of Representatives when charges
were brought against him for lying about an affair he had with a White House intern.
Hillary Clinton – I am the wife of Bill Clinton, a Yale Law School grad, a Senator from New York,
and was Secretary of State under President Obama.
Bill Gates – I was the co-founder of Microsoft creating one of the most recognized brands in the
computer industry. I recognized the potential of the personal computer. In the 1980s, I
obtained a contract from IBM to produce the software operating all of their personal
computers.
Sam Walton – In 1962 I started my own five-and-dime store in Arkansas. My vision was to
create a chain of stores offering a large variety of products at low prices. Through hard work
and determination, my stores, Walmart and Sam’s Club, grew to become the world’s largest
retailer.
Estee Lauder – I was a Jewish New Yorker who founded a cosmetics company with my husband.
I pioneered the giveaway promotion in cosmetics. Much of my early success came from wordof-mouth advertising. Eventually, I invested in larger marketing concepts, such as using
beautiful models to sell my products.
Robert Johnson – I was the first African-American billionaire and founder of Black Entertainment
Television. In 1980 I borrowed enough money to launch BET which became the first AfricanAmerican managed company listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
Lionel Sosa – I saw the potential of the Hispanic market. I identified this cultural group as an
important target for advertising and politics. I founded the largest Hispanic advertising agency
in the United States. I have motivated Latinos to successfully compete and win.
George W. Bush – I was Governor of Texas from 1995-2000 and US President from 2000-2008.
Al Gore, Jr. – I was Vice President under Bill Clinton. I Lost to George W. Bush in the 2000
election. I pushed for environmental reform to prevent Global Warming and received a Nobel
Peace Prize for my efforts.
Presidential Election of 2000 – closest election in US history. Al Gore won the popular vote, but
the winner in the Electoral College depended on who won Florida. Many Florida voters had
failed to correctly punch in their ballots. The Florida Supreme Court demanded a recount. The
US Supreme Court overruled it by a 5 to 4 decision, making George W. Bush President.
September 11, 2001 – Islamic Fundamentalist terrorists hijacked commercial airliners and flew
them into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. A third plane crashed into the ground in
Pennsylvania. Osama bin Laden and his organization, al-Qaeda, had carried out these acts of
terror.
World Trade Center – a series of business complexes in Manhattan. The two tallest buildings
were known as the “twin towers” and were demolished by terrorist attacks on 9/11.
Pentagon – Government building in Washington D.C. that houses the military headquarters.
Osama Bin Laden – I was born to a wealthy Saudi Arabian family. When the Soviets invaded
Afghanistan in 1979, I recruited Islamic soldiers from around the world to resist the Soviets. This
organization later became the basis of al-Qaeda. Following 9/11, I was sheltered by the Talibancontrolled government in Afghanistan.
Al-Qaeda – Al-Qaeda is an international terrorist organization created by Osama bin Laden.
Since 1988 al-Qaeda has recruited, trained and financed thousands of fighters from dozens of
countries worldwide.
Taliban – The Taliban rose to power in 1994 and established a brutal totalitarian regime. The
Taliban waged a genocidal war against the Afghan Hazara population. The Taliban enforced their
own interpretation of strict Sharia law.
War on Terror – US dedication to fight against nations that harbor terrorists. In October 2001,
Bush launched an assault that toppled the Taliban in Afghanistan and destroyed al-Qaeda’s
bases. The TSA was created to secure airports in the US.
Department of Homeland Security – created to secure the US from all threats. Its activities
range from nuclear detection and intelligence coordination to the protection of high-level
officials.
USA PATRIOT Act – 2001 expanded the government’s law enforcement powers. Allowed law
enforcement and intelligence agencies to search surveillance, detain immigrants, and monitor
bank accounts. Allows the NSA to wiretap cell suspected callers without a warrant.
War in Iraq – The US and its allies invaded Iraq under fear that Saddam Hussein was harboring
weapons of mass destruction. Saddam was quickly defeated but the US and its allies became
tied down fighting an insurgency.
Hurricane Katrina – Natural disaster which led to the destruction of a large amount of New
Orleans. Delayed rescue efforts left many citizens stranded on rooftops and in attics for days.
New Orleans Levees – Design could not withstand the highest storm surge in North America.
Financial Crisis of 2008 – worst financial crisis in US history since the Great Depression.
Speculation > overbuilding > foreclosures.
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act – Passed by president Obama to stimulate the
economy.
Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (2008) – allowed the Secretary of the Treasury to spend
up to $700 billion to buy distressed investments and to provide funds to banks to prevent them
from failing.
Presidential Election of 2008 – the election of the first African-American president after the
most costly campaign in US history using the internet to gather supporters. The republican
presidential candidate was a Vietnam War vet John McCain running with Alaskan governor
Sarah Palin.
Barack Obama – I was born to a Kenyan father and a white American mother and was the first
African-American president to be elected.
Sonia Sotomayor – I was the first Hispanic Supreme Court Justice; I was raised in the Bronx
J-I-T Production – parts arrive at the precise time in the manufacturing process they are needed
by workers. The ability of computers to track inventory has made this technique possible.
Time-study Analysis – an observer records how long it takes a qualified worker to perform a task
at a given rate of working. This information helps managers to improve production methods
and become more efficient.
Computer Revolution – the evolution of the computer has increased productivity and created
millions of jobs. The internet, a world-wide linking of computers, has made it easier to
communicate and find information.
Genetic Engineering – scientists have identified 100,000 human genes on our 23 chromosomes
opening doors for discovering new cures through manipulating genes.
Multinational Corp. – a corporation that has set up local companies in several countries.
Demography – the study of population. US population has shifted towards the Sun Belt since
WWII and doubled in size.
Illegal Immigration – people who cross America’s borders with Mexico or Canada without
officially entering the country. Some estimate there are 15 million illegal aliens now living in the
US. These numbers are not part of the official population count of the US.