Bio100 Lecture 3-4
What is a cell?
Cell Theory
Common Features of the Cell
Prokaryotes Pro=before, karyote=nucleus
Bacteria – Kingdom Monera
Two Groups of Bacteria –
 Arcaea – live in extreme environments – ex. Hot springs o Chemotrophs – chemosyntheic – get energy from chemical such as methane or hydrogen gas o Extreme halophiles thrive in very salty places. o Extreme thermophiles thrive in very hot water, such as geysers, and acid pools.
 Eubacteria - o What we consider more common – bacteria in our normal world
Shape of Bacteria - .
 Cocci
 Bacilli
 Spiral
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Bio100 Lecture 3-4
Short and rigid prokaryotes are called spirilla.
Longer, more flexible cells are called spirochetes.
The Role of Bacteria
Two sources of carbon are used by prokaryotes. o Autotrophs o Heterotrophs
Cyanobacteria – a type of bacteria
Eukaryotes
Eu=true, karyote=nucleus
 Kindoms: o Protistia o Fungi o Plantae o Animalia
Protista

autotrophs

heterotrophs
Locomotion
 Cillia
 Flagella
 Pseudopods
The Cell
Basic Parts of the Cell
 Cell/Plasma membrane
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Bio100 Lecture 3-4
 Nucleus –
 Ribosomes –
 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) o Smooth ER o Rough ER
 Golgi apparatus
 Lysosome
 Vacuoles
 Many of these organelles interact in the o synthesis, o distribution, o storage, and o export of molecules.
**What do these molecules do?**
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Bio100 Lecture 3-4
Mitochondria
The mitochondrial matrix contains:
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain
• DNA and
• ribosomes.
The endosymbiont theory states that
• mitochondria and chloroplasts were formerly small prokaryotes and
• they began living within larger cells.
Cellular Support
A plant cell, but not an animal cell, has a rigid cell wall that
• protects and provides skeletal support that helps keep the plant upright and
• is primarily composed of cellulose.
Animal Cells have cell/plasma membrane
Review
• Eukaryotic cell structures can be grouped on the basis of four functions:
1.
genetic control,
2.
manufacturing, distribution, and breakdown of materials,
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Bio100 Lecture 3-4
3.
energy processing, and
4.
structural support, movement, and intercellular communication.
5
Central Vacuole
1.
What is a cell?
2.
Define Prokaryote?
3.
What two domains are prokaryotes?
4.
Why are prokaryotes so important?
5.
What is an organelle?
6.
Where is DNA stored in a eukaryotic cell?
7.
Understand the roles of the different organelles.
8.
What is the difference between a plant and animal cell?