Chapters 43, 11, 18, 27
Chp 43: The Immune System
1.
Use your reading and figure 43.2, 43.4, 43.6 and 43.14 to compare:
a. Innate vs. Acquired Immunity
b. External vs. Internal defenses
c. Humoral vs. Cell-mediated responses (look at 43.16 & 43.17 too)
2.
Consider the process of clonal selection of B cells (43.12) and immunological memory (43.13). How does this relate to
both the specificity and memory of acquired immunity?
3.
Describe the relationship of antigens/antibodies and how this relates to figures 43.8 & 43.18.
4.
Compare active to passive immunity.
5.
What is an allergy? An autoimmune disorder? Describe how HIV affects the body from infection to AIDS.
Ch 11: coming soon…
Chapter 18: The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
1.
Describe some of the main contributors and what they did to enhance we know about bacteria and viruses such as
Mayer, Ivanowsky, Beijerinck, etc.
2.
Draw and label a generic version of a virus, labeling the main structural components.
3.
Using figure 18.7 compare and contrast the lytic and lysogenic cycles of phages – ie. What occurs in each, what types
of viruses display these types of life cycles, etc.
4.
Describe the reproductive cycle of HIV, a retrovirus (refer to figure 18.10). How does this type of reproduction compare
to the lytic and lysogenic cycles?
5.
Is it believed that viruses evolved before or after the first cells appeared and what evidence is used to support the
idea?
6.
What are vaccines?
7.
What are the three processes that contribute to the emergence of viral diseases?
8.
Explain what prions and viroids are. What do they infect, how do they do it, etc.
9.
Explain what transduction, transformation and conjugation are and how they each contribute to genetic recombination
and gene transfer within bacteria.
10. What are R plasmids and why are these problems to humans? How does this relate to natural selection?
11. Compare and contrast the trp and lac operons.
We stated in the beginning of the year that negative feedback has an on/off switch and positive feedback can only
amplify the response – how does this statement connect with negative and positive gene regulation?
Chapter 27 Prokaryotes
1. a. As discussed back in the cells chapter, plants and prokaryotes both posses a cell wall, yet the structure of that cell
wall differs. Describe this difference and how does this relate to the gram positive and gram negative classification of
prokaryotes. Provide examples of each type.
b. Also discussed were similarities in motion of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, yet the actual structure of flagella differ –
describe these. What other appendages may be present on bacteria and what are their uses?
2.
Bacteria are one of the most successful reproducers and survivors on Earth. Describe how an endospore may help
with this in addition to 2-3 more characteristics that support their success.
3.
Using Table 27.1 devise a way to explain and remember the 4 main nutrition modes of bacteria as well as the 3
metabolic relationships to oxygen.
4.
Compare and contrast the 3 main classes of cells and provide examples of each. Focus on similarities and unique
differences.
5.
Bacteria!!! AHHH!!! They’ve gotten a bad rap due to a number of them that are pathogenic, but the fact is many of
them are not harmful and even beneficial to other organisms and the earth.
a. Explain and provide 2 specific examples of how prokaryotes play a beneficial role in the environment. Use
examples other than those in the book – use that thinking cap!!!
b. Most pathogenic prokaryotes cause illness by releasing poisons classified as either endotoxins or exotoxins.
Identify a pathogenic prokaryote (preferably not from the book), discuss its action and classify its poison as either an
endotoxin or exotoxin.