Respiratory Lab (Giovannucci #1)
11/22/2013 3:24:00 AM
0016










tongue is formed in oral cavity at the top
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium w/ goblet cells
in humans, roof of nasal cavity has specialized nasal epithelium
respiratory epithelium
o clear staining goblet cells -- unicellular glands that secrete
mucinogen
o cilia that beat in unison, propel sheet of mucus
o mucus floating on fluid layer
 binds different toxins, bacteria, that we inspire
expectorated or swallowed
below epithelium, lamina propria & basal lamina
vasculature in lamina propria  warms the air
o wide white layer
seromucous glands & ducts  secrete fluid that lines mucus of
epithelium
appear to have 3-4 layers of nuclei  all cells contact basal lamina,
but not all reach surface (so it appears stratified)
o basal cells are multipotent cells that can become more basal
cells or replace goblet cells or ciliated columnar cells
Bowman’s Glands -- light purple staining groups of cells
o ducts push through epithelium to wash the cilia since they are
immotile
Sustentacular cells -- electrically isolate
0012

sagittal section thru epiglottis -- elastic cartilage that covers the
opening of the epiglottis  very dark staining elastin

epithelium
o on laryngeal surface -- pseudostratified ciliated columnar
(respiratory)
o on lingual side -- stratified squamous (where food particles
are hitting), non-keratinized  protective because food
particles are contacting it
lamina propria

o seromucous glands -- produce mucus to protect and help coat
surface to be able to bind toxic gases & particles
o dark staining plasma cells -- to help surveillance for immune
functions
o vascularized
0061 -




Larynx
cartilage (thyroid & cricoid)
arytenoid -- elastic & hyaline
cuneiform
vocal
o
o
o
folds that protrude
false -- superior to true
true -- stratified squamous
distance b/w two folds in rima glottidis
 modulation of this distance changes pitch
stratified squamous to protect -- singers & smokers have expansion
o change to protective epithelium = metaplasia
 increase in goblet cells, decrease in ciliated columnar
epithelium  mucus hangs around (cough)

lamina propria
o goblet cells, seromucous glands, plasma cells, lymphocytes
o normally covered w/ respiratory epithelium
o loose CT
o stiff CT rod -- forms vocal ligament
 adds stiffness to vocal cord, associated w/ it is Vocalis
muscle (part of thyroarytenoid muscle) -- increases
tension but also helps bring together or apart the 2
vocal folds to change pitch

smaller rings of trachea just inferior to larynx



trachea cross section
bound together by adventitia
c-shaped cartilaginous tracheal rings
0062
0060


b/w tips of rings  trachealis muscle = smooth muscle to reduce
diameter & increase velocity during cough reflex
begin to have 3 layer plan around bronchial tree -- PCCE
o diffuse neuroendocrine cells
o goblet cells
dividing line of lamina propria -- end of respiratory mucosa
submucosa -- vascular elements, seromucous glands, plasma cells,
lymphocytes
o smooth muscle
perichondrium b/w submucosa & cartilaginous ring


adventitia
seromucous ducts going to surface



trachea & bronchi have very similar structures
UW 104





- Bronchus
presence of cartilage plates (differentiates it from bronchiole)
PCCE
lamina propria
submucosa
adventitia -- dense, w/ cartilage structures
SL 079
0063 - lung & bronchioles
 PCCE -- becoming more cuboidal
 lamina propria is attenuated (thin)
 submucosa has smooth muscle cells -- wind arounds structure to


regulate diameter
o muscle cells contract during fixation process
o collect air & sanitize it
adventitia -- helps bind this structure w/ surrounding structure
(vasculature in lung)
secrete phospholipid & surfactant to reduce surface tension
Respiratory membrane




external respiration -- exchange of CO2 & O2
surfactant layer secreted by type 2 pneumocytes
fused endothelial cell of capillary
Large SA by spongy tissue of lung


type 1 pneumocyte
septal cells -- more circular dark staining cells, in corner of
structures
capillaries -- open white spaces, formed by single endothelial cell
0125

rolling over on itself

11/22/2013 3:24:00 AM
11/22/2013 3:24:00 AM