Name ___________________________________Mod ______ Date ____________ HUMAN ANATOMY - REVIEW WORKSHEET CHAP. 15 – Cardiovascular System Location of the Heart 1. Posterior to the __Sternum____ 2. ___medial_______ to the lungs 3. ___anterior___________ to the vertebral column 4. The base lays ____2nd rib________________ 5. The apex lays ___towards left___________________ 6. It lies just above _____6th rib__________________ 7. Mediastinum - ____central cavity__________ Coverings of the Heart 1. Outermost - ___fibrous pericardium_________________ 2. Middle - ____parietal pericardium____________ 3. Innermost - ____visceral pericardium_________ (same as _epicardium__) Wall of the Heart 1. Outer layer - ___epicardium____________ (same as visceral pericardium function - __protection, release serous fluid____________________________ 3. Inner layer - _____endocardium_______________ function - _____maintains smooth surface____________ Heart Chambers and Valves The heart is divided into four chambers: 1. __Right Atrium________ a. Receives deoxygenated blood from the: 1). Inferior vena cava 2). __superior vena cava______ 3). __coronary sinus_______ 2. Right ventricle a. Receives deoxygenated blood from the ___R. Atrium_____ 3. Left atrium a. Receives oxygenated blood from the __Lungs________ 4. Left ventricle a. Receives oxygenated blood from the L. Atrium Valves There are 2 S-L valves: 1. __Pulmonary valve_______ - located in the pulmonary artery 2. _aortic valve_____- located in the aorta There are 2 A-V valves: 3. ___Bicuspid_____- on the left side of the heart 4. __Tricuspid______________- on the right side of the heart Path of Blood Through the Heart – Trace the path of blood by listing all b.v’s, chambers, valves & the lungs. Start from when it enters the heart on the right side. 1.__Sup & Inf Vena Cava____ 7. ___Lungs_________ 2.___R. Atrium_______ 8.___Pulmonary vein_________ 3.___Tricuspid valve________ 9.___L. Atrium__________ 4.___R. Ventricle ____ 10.__Bicuspid______________ 5.__Pulmonary Valve____________ 11.__L. Ventricle__________ 6. _____Pulmonary artery_______ 12.__Aortic Valve__________ Heart Actions Heart actions are regulated so that atria contract (____systole_______) while the ventricles relax (____diastole________); followed by the ventricle______contract while _atrium__relax. Heart Sounds 1. A heart beat through a stethoscope sounds like ____Lubb Dupp___ 2. The “lubb” It occurs during ___ventricular systole_____ The _A-V__ valves are closing 3. The “dupp” It occurs during _ventricular diastole______ The S-A Cardiac Conduction System – Trace the path of the cardiac conduction system by starting at the heart’s primary pacemaker. 1. ___S-A Node____________ 4. ___AV Bundle (Bundle of His)____ 2. ___Nerve Fiber _______ 5. ___Bundle Fibers _______ 3. _A-V node___(secondary pacemaker) 6. ___Purkinje Fibers _________ 1. Blood Pressure 1. CO= Stroke volume x heart rate 2. 4 factors a. Heart action b. Peripheral resistance c. Blood volume d. Viscosity Blood Vessels Arteries- three layers or tunics 1. Lining - ____tunica intima__________ 2. Middle layer of smooth muscle - _____tunica media_______ 3. Outer layer of connective tissue - ____tunica externa__________ 4. Carry blood under _____high_pressure________ Capillaries 1. Smallest b.v. - connect _______arterioles and venules________ Veins: 1. Different from arteries in 2 ways: ___thicker tunica media_____________ ___valves______________ 2. Carry blood under _____low pressure______ 5. Function as ___deoxygenated blood transport_______________