Cardio System: Heart Anatomy
http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~johnson/teaching/transport/animations/HyperHeart.swf
The Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular System consists of
the heart and the blood vessels
It is a closed system of blood vessels through
which the blood, a fluid connective tissue, is
propelled by the heart, a muscular pump
The heart functions to pump blood through the
blood vessels to all body tissues, allowing for
transport of nutrients, oxygen, CO2, wastes, and
hormones
The Cardiovascular System
The heart is located
in the thoracic cavity,
In the mediastinal space,
between the lungs
The heart is divided into
a right and a left side
Right Heart
Receives blood from the body
Contains deoxygenated blood
Will be pumped to the lungs
to receive oxygen
Left Heart
Receives blood from the lungs
Contains oxygenated blood
Will be pumped to all body
tissues
The Cardiovascular System
There are three types of blood vessels
o Arteries
o Carry blood away from the heart
o Veins
o Return blood to the heart
o Capillaries
o Allow exchange of substances between
the blood and extracellular fluid
Heart Anatomy
External View
Base
Apex
Heart Anatomy
External View
The Pericardium is the
protective covering over
the heart.
Heart is located in the
pericardial cavity
It has two functions:
Protection
Reduce Friction
The pericardium covers and protects the heart
Photo of the pericardium
cut open to show the heart
The pericardium protects the
heart and also reduces friction
as the heart beats
The pericardium has 2 layers
Fibrous layer
Tough outer layer
Fibrous connective tissue
Serous layer
Delicate inner layer
Provides fluid for lubrication
Heart Anatomy
The pericardium has 2 layers
oFibrous Pericardium
oSerous Pericardium
Parietal Layer
Pericardial Space
Visceral layer
(Epicardium)
The Heart Wall
The heart wall is
made of three layers
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
The Heart Wall
There are three layers of the heart wall
Epicardium – outer layer (visceral pericardium)
Myocardium – middle layer
Makes up the majority of
the heart’s mass
Endocardium – inner layer
Lines the chambers, valves, vessels
The Heart Wall
There are three layers of the heart wall
Epicardium
Outer layer
Visceral pericardium
Myocardium
Middle layer
Makes up the majority of
the heart’s mass
• Endocardium
Inner layer
Lines the chambers, valves, vessels
Heart Chambers
There are 4 heart chambers
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Heart Valves
There are 4 heart valves
Right Atrioventricular (A-V) Valve
Tricuspid
Left Atrioventricular (A-V) Valve
Bicuspid, Mitral
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Heart Valves
Blood Vessels
Blood Vessels
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Veins
Aorta
Coronary Blood Vessels
External View
Coronary blood vessels supply
the myocardium with blood
Coronary Arteries
First Branches off the Aorta
Coronary Veins
Return blood to the Cranial Vena Cava
Internal Anatomy
Muscular divisions
Interatrial Septum
b/t atria; serves to separate
artial bld
Interventricular Septum
b/t ventricles; serves to
separate ventricular bld
Atrioventricular Septum
b/t ventricles; serves to
separate artial bld and ventricle
bld
Internal Anatomy
Chordae Tendinae
In ventricles; attach to
mitral (bicuspid) and
tricuspid valves and
regulate opening and
closing of valves.
Papillary Muscles
In ventricular wall;
attach heart strings
Internal Anatomy
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Blood Flow Through the Heart
Blood enters the right
and left atria
Blood enters the
ventricles
Blood is pumped to the
lungs and body
Blood Flow Through the Heart
Blood returns to the heart from the cranial part of the body
through the cranial vena cava, and from the caudal part of the
body through the caudal vena cava,to the right atrium
It then flows as follows:
Right A-V Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary Arteries (R & L) to the Lungs
Pulmonary Veins (R & L)
Left Atrium
Left A-V Valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Aorta to the body
• http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseas
es/hhw/hhw_pumping.html
More Practice
Heart Chambers
http://www.heartpoint.com/theheart.html