Ancient Greece
Unit Test Review Sheet
1. How did the Greek culture get spread
all the way to Asia?

Alexander the Great conquered the Persian
Empire and built cities modeled after Greek
cities.
2 & 5 How would you describe
the geography of Greece?

Greece has a very mountainous, rocky
landscape. It was difficult for Greeks to travel
because of the mountains.
3. What is an acropolis?

A high hill that is the high point of the city-state
and usually contains a Greek temple.
4. How were Athens and Sparta
different?

Athens: focused more on education, only men
were citizens, had a navy, relied on trade

Sparta: focused more on the military and
physical strength, women were citizens and had
many rights, conquered places to get what they
needed

Main Exports of Ancient Greece
Why did Greeks need to trade with other
cultures?
They exported olives and grapes!

Interdependence: When two locations depend or rely
on each other for resources or anything else they need
to survive.

Athens needed grain, therefore they traded wine and
olive oil for grain grown in a colony outside of
mainland Greece. At the same time, the colony needed
olive oil and wine, therefore they traded their grain for
the olive oil and wine produced in Athens. It was a
trade agreement each location had with the other so
that they could get what they needed to survive.
Defining Governments





Monarchy: ruled by a king/queen who was
born into power
Tyranny: A ruler who rules by the use of force
Oligarchy: a small group rules (Sparta)
Ancient Athens has a direct democracy—
voting is done by a show of hands or on secret
ballot at the Assembly, all citizens show up in
one place to vote on laws.
The United States has a representative
democracy—citizens elect representatives to
vote on laws for them.
What war involved the Greek colonies on the
coast of Asia Minor?

The Persian Wars
Why did Alexander want to spread Greek
culture?
He was educated by an Athenian philosopher,
Aristotle, and he always had an appreciation for
Greek culture.
What happened to Alexander’s
empire after he died?
It was divided by his generals.
Why were the Greek city-states able to have victory
over the Persians in the Persian Wars?

The Greek strategy included using
GEOGRAPHY to their advantage.
Why did Athens and Sparta fight
in the Peloponnesian War?

Athens was getting too powerful and dominant
and Sparta wanted to stop them.
Why do historians consider the
Mycenaeans to be the first
Greeks?

They were the first to speak the Greek language
How would you describe Greek
art and sculpture?


Made to look like gods and goddesses
Statues of people were very realistic
What does HELLENISTIC
mean?

Greek-like

This was the culture that Alexander the Great
created by blending Greek with Persian and
Egyptian cultures
What is the Parthenon?

A famous Greek building (temple)
12. What are some characteristics of Greek
Architecture?



Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns
Marble exteriors
Triangular Pediment
What was the main contribution of the Greek
philosophers to the world?

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were philosophers
who used logic and reasoning, rather than the
work of the gods to explain events.
13. What was one aspect of Greek culture that
was common in all Greek city-states?
Medicine

Hippocrates was from ancient Greece and was the first
modern doctor. He believed illness came from natural
causes rather than punishment from the gods.

Today, doctors take the Hippocratic Oath, which
promises they will always work to the best of their
knowledge.
Mathematics
Achievement
 Euclid invented many
geometry rules
Relevance Today


Pythagoras invented algebra
formula a2 + b2= c2
These geometry rules are still
taught to all students in
school today
Science
Achievement
 Charting the Universe
(Ptolemy)

Measuring the circumference
of the earth
Relevance Today
 Helped later scientists to
understand that stars and
planets move

Gave later scientists clues
about the size of the earth
Architecture
Achievements
 Ionic, Doric, Corinthian
columns
Relevance Today


Triangular Pediment
Still used on many
government buildings,
churches, houses, and
schools today
Technology
Achievements
 Archimedes’ water screw

Lighthouse (Alexandria)
Relevance Today
 Farmers in many countries
today still use water screws to
bring water to their fields

We still use lighthouses today
to help guide and keep ships
out at sea safe at night
Literature

We still read and enjoy Greek myths, such as
Hercules and epic poems by Homer, The Iliad and
The Odyssey.
9. The geography of Greece influenced the daily life of the
Greeks. Identify two examples of geographic features in
Greece and explain how each feature influenced their culture
or way of life.


Gave Greeks protection
from invaders

Kept city-states isolated
from each other.

Made travel difficult
Mountains
How geography influenced Greek
Life


Greeks were expert
sailors, fishermen, and
shipbuilders

Made trade with
surrounding islands and
coastal colonies easy
Seas/Islands
How geography influenced Greek
life

Rocky Soil

Grew grapes and olives
easily

Trade of grapes and
olives was the basis for
the Greek economy
11. Contrast the roles of Athenian and Spartan
women.
Athenian Women
*seldom left their homes
*Not citizens; no major
role in society.
*No education
Spartan Women
*Could freely leave their
homes
*Could own land, run a
business
*Practiced running,
wrestling to gain strength
for child bearing
15. What caused the Peloponnesian War to begin?
How did the wars affect all of Greece?

Sparta declared war on Athens because Athens
was spending a lot of money on beautifying their
city-state. Athens also wanted to create an
Athenian empire.

Most of Greece was involved in this war and the
fighting between the city-states after the war
weakened them and left them open for attack
and takeover.