Cultural Competence
“Whenever people of different races come
together in groups, leaders can assume that
race is an issue, but not necessarily a
problem.”
CULTURAL COMPETENCE
Developing cultural sensitivity:
Ability to perceive others through their own cultural
lens
Knowledge of specific beliefs and values in the
client’s community
Personal comfort with differences
CULTURAL COMPETENCE
Developing cultural sensitivity (cont.):
Willingness to change previous ideas and stereotypes
The ability to be flexible and adapt one’s thinking and
behavior in novel settings
Skills to sort through diverse information about a
community in order to understand how it might apply
to particular individuals
Cultural Competence
Cultural competence can be learned.
** Worker should engage in
a process of self-exploration.**
Cultural Competence
Self-exploration of culture:
Have awareness of own cultural limitations
Open to cultural differences
Acknowledge the integrity of other cultures
Social Justice




Be intentional about having a diverse group
membership – avoid tokenization of members.
Separate psychological issues from socially
constructed biases that may appear as
psychological problems.
Facilitate consciousness raising and creating
an awareness of social justice by processing
issues of oppression as they come up in group.
Use structured program activities to discuss
issues of privilege and oppression.
Cultural Competence
Developing Cultural Sensitivity in Groups:
Explore feelings about own identity and how
this might affect interaction with members
from other backgrounds
- Values
- Beliefs
- Skills
Cultural Competence
Developing Cultural Sensitivity in Groups
(cont.):
- become familiar with backgrounds of
client groups with whom you work with
- research literature
- visit the cultural community
- interview key respondents
- become participant observer
Cultural Competence
Developing Cultural Sensitivity in Groups
(cont.):
** Acknowledge the effect of societal
attitudes on members of diverse groups
(prejudice, stereotyping,
racism/discrimination, superiority,
themes: race, class, age, ability, sexuality,
etc.) **
Cultural Competence
Assessing Cultural Influences on Group Behavior:
Participation
Interaction with sponsorship of group
Optimize outreach efforts
How members from diverse groups relate to each
other and the leader
Cultural Competence
Assessing Cultural Influences on Group Behavior:
Assess: language, communication (verbal &
non-verbal), stylistic elements of
communication, nuances of message,
expectations, motivations for being in the
group, power and control dynamics
Cultural Competence
Intervening with cultural sensitivity:
Use social work values and skills
Use strengths perspective
Exploring common and different experiences
among members
Exploring meanings and language
Cultural Competence
Intervening with cultural sensitivity:
Challenging prejudice and discrimination
Advocating for members
Empowering members
Using culturally appropriate techniques and
program activities
Code of Ethics
of the National Association of Social Workers
Approved by the 1996 NASW Delegate Assembly and
revised by the 2008 NASW Delegate Assembly


Value: Social Justice
Ethical Principle: Social workers challenge social injustice.
Social workers pursue social change, particularly with and on
behalf of vulnerable and oppressed individuals and groups of
people. Social workers’ social change efforts are focused
primarily on issues of poverty, unemployment, discrimination,
and other forms of social injustice. These activities seek to
promote sensitivity to and knowledge about oppression and
cultural and ethnic diversity. Social workers strive to ensure
access to needed information, services, and resources; equality
of opportunity; and meaningful participation in decision
making for all people.
Ethical Standards




1.05 Cultural Competence and Social Diversity
(a) Social workers should understand culture and its function in
human behavior and society, recognizing the strengths that exist in all
cultures.
(b) Social workers should have a knowledge base of their clients’
cultures and be able to demonstrate competence in the provision of
services that are sensitive to clients’ cultures and to differences among
people and cultural groups.
(c) Social workers should obtain education about and seek to
understand the nature of social diversity and oppression with respect
to race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender
identity or expression, age, marital status, political belief, religion,
immigration status, and mental or physical disability.
Ethical Standards


6.01 Social Welfare
Social workers should promote the general
welfare of society, from local to global
levels, and the development of people, their
communities, and their environments. Social
workers should advocate for living
conditions conducive to the fulfillment of
basic human needs and should promote
social, economic, political, and cultural
values and institutions that are compatible
with the realization of social justice.
Ethical Standards
6.04 Social and Political Action
(a) Social workers should engage in social and political action that seeks to ensure that all
people have equal access to the resources, employment, services, and opportunities they
require to meet their basic human needs and to develop fully. Social workers should be
aware of the impact of the political arena on practice and should advocate for changes in
policy and legislation to improve social conditions in order to meet basic human needs and
promote social justice.
(b) Social workers should act to expand choice and opportunity for all people, with special
regard for vulnerable, disadvantaged, oppressed, and exploited people and groups.
(c) Social workers should promote conditions that encourage respect for cultural and social
diversity within the United States and globally. Social workers should promote policies
and practices that demonstrate respect for difference, support the expansion of cultural
knowledge and resources, advocate for programs and institutions that demonstrate cultural
competence, and promote policies that safeguard the rights of and confirm equity and
social justice for all people.
(d) Social workers should act to prevent and eliminate domination of, exploitation of, and
discrimination against any person, group, or class on the basis of race, ethnicity, national
origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, marital status,
political belief, religion, immigration status, or mental or physical disability.