Unit 3
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3.1-3.4
3.1
Catholic Upbringing
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Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist
Catholic school
Taught to believe in a God
Say prayers
Go to Mass
Attend children liturgies
Remember to say how this impacts on a belief in a God?
Religious Experience
• You have to NAME the 4 types AND give
an example for each (preferably a
religious one!)
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Miracle
Conversion
Numinous
Prayer
Remember to say how this impacts on a belief in a God?
The Design Argument
• Everything is designed therefore it needs
a designer.
• The only possible designer of this universe
is something that existed before it began
and was external to it = God.
Remember to say how this impacts on a belief in a God?
The Causation Argument
• Everything is caused to happen by
something else. You are all sat here
because you were told to and want to
try to pass this examination. You caused
those chairs to move to sit down and
your eyes are reading this because your
brain is telling them to. You cause your
own actions. Ultimate cause = God.
Remember to say how this impacts on a belief in a God?
Unanswered prayers
• This can lead someone to become
agnostic or atheist.
• If God never answers them = lack of
belief, he doesn’t care, there is no God.
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Catholics say…
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1. Prayers answered in a way we do not understand.
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2. You get what you need not want.
3. God answers in the best possible way.
4. God may answer in a way you do not understand.
Remember to say how this impacts on a belief in a God?
Evil and Suffering
• Because of Moral and Natural Evil…
• If God is omnipotent he must be able to
remove E&S.
• If God is benevolent he must want to
remove E&S. = There is E&S therefore
either God does not exist, not care or is
not Omnipotent, Benevolent or
Omniscient.
Remember to say how this impacts on a belief in a God?
Catholic Response to Evil and Suffering
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Must have a reason
God gave us free will
This life is preparation for paradise
People cannot understand God’s
actions
Remember to say how this impacts on a belief in a God?
3.2
Catholic belief about Life after Death
• If you live a good life = Heaven
• If you don’t = Hell
• Why do Catholics believe in this? Jesus
rose from the dead, teaching of the
church (say this a lot in this unit!),
This is all about what happens to use when we die
Life after Death – Other views
• Why do some people who are not
religious believe in life after death?
• Existence of Ghosts & the Paranormal
• Near Death Experiences
• Reincarnation
This is all about what happens to use when we die
When you die, you die.
• Do not believe in God = No place for life
after death
• Different religions say different things =
Contradictory
• Holy Books conflict against each other
• The mind cannot survive following the
death of the body
This is all about what happens to use when we die
Abortion
• There is a law on Abortion (24 weeks, 2
doctors agree…)
• 1. Mother’s life at risk
• 2. Mother’s mental or physical life at risk
• 3. Child disabled
• 4. Serious effect on other children
This is whether Abortion is right or wrong
Christians & Abortion
• Catholic Church say it is wrong, life
belongs to God, against ten
commandments, it is a form of murder
• Other Christians (Liberals) say it is the
lesser of two evils.
• Both agree with the Doctrine of the
Double Effect.
This is whether Abortion is right or wrong
Euthanasia
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It is illegal in the UK
Assisted Suicide (being helped)
Voluntary Euthanasia (asking)
Non-Voluntary Euthanasia (not asking)
This is whether Euthanasia is right or wrong
Euthanasia
• Catholics believe it is wrong because it is
wrong, life belongs to God, against ten
commandments, it is a form of murder
• Other Christians believe ANY form of
euthanasia is wrong EVEN life support
machines, medicine to prolong life.
• Some accept it.
This is whether Euthanasia is right or wrong
Causes of world poverty
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Natural Disaster
Debt
War
Unfair trade
HIV/AIDS
Lack of education, clean water
This is all about the causes!
CAFOD
• Short term aid
• Long term aid
• Use budget money to spend on
educating the young about CAFOD in
schools
• Make Poverty History
This is all about the causes & what CAFOD does!
3.3
Changing attitudes to marriage and
the family
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Cohabitation and marriage- most people have sex before
marriage and many couples live together rather than marry (
cohabit). The average age for marriage has increased and most
marriages do not place take place in church.
Divorce- Many more divorces, and divorce is more accepted.
Now cheaper/easier/women can now support themselves after
divorce
Family life -More unmarried parents/ more reconstituted families/
more single parent families/
Homosexuality-treated the same by society/now form legal
union/same rights and treatments/made easier because of the
changes in the law and society is more aware/greater
acceptance
Christians and sex outside of marriage
Most Christians believe it is wrong because; God gave us sex to have
children ( only place for sex should be within marriage), Bible says it’s
sinful, Catechism say it’s wrong, could lead to promiscuity, adultery
breaks the wedding vows. Some Christians accept that couples may live
together before marriage, but only in a long term relationship leading to
marriage
You are likely to be asked to argue for and against allowing sex before
marriage.
Arguments for- sex is natural, no reason to wait , contraception, now
accepted by society
Arguments for and against getting married
Arguments for- God’s gift, Bible teaches sex should only take place in
marriage, Church teaches that marriage is basis of society
Arguments against- just as happy, you don’t know what they will be like to
live with, same joy and commitment.
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Purpose of marriage
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Life long relationship of love and faithfulness
Have support and comfort of each other
Gift of children
Bring up a Catholic family
Receives God’s grace and strength through the sacrament
Christians and divorce
Catholic Church does not allow divorce or re-marrriage- only ended
by death of one of the partners. Catholic Church does allow civil
divorce f it will be better for the children, but the couple are still
married in eyes of God.
Reasons-Jesus taught divorce is wrong/ covenant cant be broken.
Annulment makes them free to marry as it proves marriage never a
true marriage
Other Christians disapprove of divorce, but allow religious divorce
and remarriage, because Christianity teaches forgiveness.
Why family life is important to
Catholics/ How parishes help familys
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Catholics believe that the family is important because: it is taught
in the Bible; main purpose of marriage; Catholics believe that it
was created by God.
Parishes and how they help
• Support the local schools
• First communion and Confirmation classes
• Running liturgies
• Running youth clubs and youth activities
How they keep families together
• Worship together as family
• Priests offer help and support for family problems
• Providing financial support
Christian attitudes to homosexuality
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Catholics believe it there is nothing wrong with
friendships between homosexuals or relationships as
long as there is no sexual activity- Church teachings
Evangelical Protestants believe that homosexuality is a
sin- Bible
Liberal Protestants believe that homosexuality is
acceptable because it is natural and God said
respect everyone
Catholic views on Contraception
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Two types – Natural ( requires planning and love) and Artificial (
prevent sperm meeting egg)
Catholic Church teaches that using artificial methods of
contraception are wrong- God gave sex in order to create/ Playing
God
Other Christians allow the use of contraception because they believe
God gave sex to strengthen a married relationship
3.4
Changes to the roles of men and women in
UK/ UK as multi- ethnic society
Roles have changed greatly
• Women have equal rights
• Men and women now share roles at home
These attitudes have changed because of Feminist Movement/
Changes to the laws/effects of WW2.
Nature of the Uk
• Britain has many ethnic minorities and so is a multi- ethnic society
• Benefits- advancing more quickly because of the greater variety
of ideas
• Needs equal opportunities and treatment to work, and prejudice
and discrimination cause major problems
Christian attitudes to equal rights for women in
religion/ Uk as a multi-faith society
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Catholics believe men and women should have equal righs, but
only men can become priests- Jesus was a man
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Traditional Protestants believe only men should be religious
leaders- Bible
Liberal Protestants believe men and women have equal rights in
religion- Jesus had women disciples
Multi-faith
Britain is a multi-faith society because several religions are practised
here and everyone is free to practice their religion.
Benefits- Religious freedom/ opportunity to find out about, and think
about more deeply about, different religions. Gets rid of ignorance
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Issues raised for religion by a multi-faith society
A multi-faith society needs to have laws giving equal rights to all
religions and to those who have no religion ( religious pluralism).
However, a multi-faith society can raise problems for religious people
in areas such as
• Conversion attempts by other faiths because it is like
discrimination
• Bringing up children because they may leave their parents’ faith
• Interfaith marriages because of having to decide which faith the
children should be brought up in.
Government action to promote community
cohesion in Uk/ Why do Catholics promote racial
harmony
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Government promotes it by- encouraging cohesion/ passing laws
against racism and discrimination/ part of National curriculum.
It is important because without it a multi-ethnic society could
become violent and divided
Why do Catholics care
• Catholics should promote racial harmony because of the
teachings in the Bible and the Church are against racism
because they should follow the example of Jesus
Love your neighbour/ treat people how you would want to be
treated
How the Catholic Church helps asylum
seekers and immigrant workers
The Catholic Church helps refugees and immigrant workers through a
special office which tells parishes how they can help which deals with
publicity.
Parishes help with- legal problems/ English classes
The Church helps because of the teachings of Jesus such as the
parable of the Good Samaritan and the Sheep and the Goats
Differences among Christians in their attitudes to other religions
• All Christians believe in Religious freedom, but some believe there
is some truths in other religions
• Some believe Christianity is the only true religion
• Some believe all religions are a path to God
Ways in which religions work to promote
community cohesion in the UK
Religions are working for community cohesion in the UK by:
• Working to discover what is the same about other religions
• Helping with mixed- faith marriages
• Making sure all children learn about other faiths
• Joining local and national groups to promote community
cohesion