The Stroop Effect- Your Brain
Can Get Confused!
TRY THIS!
• Name the colors of the following words
• Do NOT read the words...rather, say the color of the
words
• For example, for the word PURPLE, you should say
“GREEN“
• Say the colors as fast as you can. It is not as easy as
you might think!
The famous "Stroop Effect" is named after J. Ridley Stroop
who discovered this strange phenomenon in the 1930s.
• Today:
– Nervous System
– Interdependent Organ Systems
– Medical Imaging Technologies
• Tomorrow:
– Quiz 3
– Collect Crossword Puzzle (2)
– Organ Transplant
– Time to work on poster project
• Bring in your research, boards and other materials
Neurons
• Cells that carry
information through
your nervous
system
• The message that a
neuron carries is
called a nerve
impulse
The cell body has threadlike extensions
The dendrite carries impulses toward the cell
The axon carries impulses away from the cell
Axons and dendrites are sometimes called nerve
fibers
• A bundle of nerve fibers is called a nerve.
•
•
•
•
The Anatomy of a Neuron
Central & Peripheral Nervous
Systems Working Together
The yellow parts
are CNS parts
and the purple
are parts of your
PNS.
Your Brain- The Command Center
• The human brain is a complex
organ that allows us to think,
move, feel, see, hear, taste,
and smell
• It controls our body, receives
information, analyzes
information, and stores
information (our memories).
• The brain produces electrical
signals, which, together with
chemical reactions, let the
parts of the body
communicate. Nerves send
these signals throughout the
body.
Most nerve signals are interpreted by
your brain and then your motor nerves
carry out your instructions.
Your Senses Are Your Nervous System’s
Bridge to the Outside World
Sight, Taste, Touch, Hearing, Smell
Reflexes: Some nerve signals go
only to the spinal cord and back.
The knee jerk reflex
There is only 1 synapse in the neural circuit needed to
complete the reflex
It only takes about 50 milliseconds of time between the
tap and the start of the leg kick...that is fast
Medical Imaging Technologies
Medical Imaging Technologies
• X-Ray
– Diagnosis in cardiovascular
systems respiratory system,
mammograms, teeth
– Able to penetrate soft tissue but
not bone
– Quick, painless, non-invasive
– X-ray can cause changes and
mutations to DNA
– Image is formed when the x-ray,
high energy radiation, passes
through the body
Medical Imaging Technologies
• Fluoroscopy
– Used to study the blood vessels
of the heart and brain and
movements of other organs
• Cerebral angiogram and coronary
angiogram
– Patients required to ingest a
contrast liquid (barium or iodine)
or special dye is injected into an
artery
– Use continuous beams of x-ray
Medical Imaging Technologies
• Radiotherapy
– Use X-ray to treat cancer
– X-rays damage the DNA and either
kill the cancer cells or prevent
them from multiplying
– The X-ray is directed at the tumour
to minimize damage to healthy
normal cells
– May be combined with other forms
of theraphy (surgery,
chemotherapy)
Medical Imaging Technologies
• Ultrasound
– Used on expecting mothers and heart problems
– Cannot be used on bones or intestinal area (due
to presence of gas)
– Images produced by high-frequency sound waves,
which reflect back off soft internal structures
Medical Imaging Technologies
• Computer Tomography (CT)
• Computer Assisted Tomography (CAT)
– Often used to diagnose cancer,
abnormalities of the skeletal system, and
vascular disease
– Provide detailed cross-sectional view of
structure
– Can be used to image bone, soft tissue, and
blood vessels at the same time
– Relatively quick, painless
– Use X-ray equipment to form a 3D image
– Done by taking images from different angles
Medical Imaging Technologies
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
– Useful for brain, heart, liver, soft
tissues, and inside of bones
– Used to diagnose cancer, brain
diseases, cardiovascular conditions
– Use powerful magnets and
radiowaves
– Human body is mostly water (H2O),
which contain hydrogen atoms
• The magnetic field interacts with these
atoms
Medical Imaging Technologies
• Nuclear Medicine
– Cancer, organ disorders, blood
circulation
– Use radioisotopes to form images of
how tissues and organ function
• Radioisotopes are radioactive form of
elements (emit radiation)
• Radioisotopes are attached to chemicals
absorbed by certain tissues and organs
• Camera and computer detect the
radiation and form image
– Can be used to treat diseases (thyroid,
prostate, breast cancer)
Medical Imaging Technologies
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
– Detection of cancer, heart disease, brain disorder,
also can examine effects of cancer treatment
– Patients are given radioisotope that emits
particles called positrons, which is detected by the
camera and computer to form an image
Medical Imaging Technologies
• Biophotonics
– Digestive tract (gastrointestinal endoscopy,
colonoscopy)
– Useful in surgical techniques (removal of
gallbladders and knee repairs)
– Small incisions are made so the endoscope can be
inserted
– Use interactions of light
with cells and tissues to
diagnose and treat
abnormalities
• When light shines on cells,
light particles are scattered
by the cells’ atoms
• A device records these
scatter patterns
• Abnormal cells create
different scatter patterns
than normal cells