Zoetrope – 180 AD
•
A zoetrope is a device that produces an illusion of
action from a rapid succession of static pictures. It
consists of a cylinder with slits cut vertically in the
sides. Beneath the slits on the inner surface of the
cylinder is a band which has either individual frames
from a video/film or images from a set of sequenced
drawings or photographs. The earliest elementary
zoetrope was created in China around 180 AD by the
prolific inventor Ting Huan. This was a good invention
for the film industry as it helped create TV’s, camera
which are major part of our society today.
Microscope - 1200
• A microscope is an instrument for viewing objects that
are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye.
Microscopes trace their history back almost 1200 years
with Abbas Ibn Firnas's corrective lenses. The science of
investigating small objects using such an instrument is
called microscopy. The term microscopic means minute
or very small, not visible with the eye unless aided by a
microscope. Microscope had a big impact on our society
as it turned out to be a major invention for science which
helped create better education for all of us and we got to
know more about the world.
Spring Clock - 1430
• The earliest existing spring driven clock is the
chamber clock given to Peter the Good, Duke of
Burgundy, around 1430, now in the
Germanisches Nationalmuseum. Spring power
presented clockmakers with a new problem; how
to keep the clock movement running at a
constant rate as the spring ran down. This clock
had a major impact on our world because clocks
like these built better clocks and watches which
created a lot of money for the economy and it
still does now.
Optical Microscope - 1590
• The optical microscope, often referred to as the "light
microscope", is a type of microscope which uses visible
light and a system of lenses to magnify images of small
samples. Optical microscopes are the oldest and
simplest of the microscopes. Dutch spectacle-makers
Hans Janssen and his son Zacharias Janssen are often
said to have invented the first compound microscope in
1590, but this was a declaration made by Zacharias
Janssen himself during the mid 1600s. It was a great
invention for science as it helped build better inventions
and it helped us out in education.
Telescopes - 1608
•
Earliest known working telescopes appeared in 1608.
It was not invented by a single person though. A
telescope is an instrument designed for the
observation of remote objects by the collection of
electromagnetic radiation. There are also Radio
telescope and X-ray and gamma ray telescope. We
have used this to learn more science and expand our
knowledge about the outside world. Scientist continue
to use this so we can gather more information about
this planets and as well as others. There are also
microscopes that can see bacteria etc... We now know
more information about our world than ever before and
we will continue to learn more. Telescope has been a
major factor to our education.
Galilean Telescope - 1609
• The original design Galileo came up with in 1609 is
commonly called a Galilean telescope. It uses a convex
objective lens and a concave eyepiece lens. Galilean
telescopes produce upright images.
• Galileo’s best telescope magnified objects about 30
times. Because of flaws in its design, such as the shape
of the lens, the images were blurry and distorted.
Despite these flaws, the telescope was still good enough
for Galileo to explore the sky. This was a very good
invention during that time as it became to be a huge
invention and was able to make more and better
telescopes for the future and helped us study more
about science and the outer world.
Kaplerian Telescope - 1611
• The Keplerian Telescope, invented by
Johannes Kepler in 1611, is an improvement on
Galileo's design. It uses a convex lens as the
eyepiece instead of Galileo's concave one. The
advantage of this arrangement is the rays of light
emerging from the eyepiece are converging.
This allows for a much wider field of view and
greater eye relief but the image for the viewer is
inverted. A much improved telescope which
helped built better and better telescopes for the
future.
Cassegrain Telescopr - 1672
•
A Cassegrain telescope is a wide-angle reflecting
telescope with a concave mirror that receives light and
focuses an image. A second mirror reflects the light
through a gap in the primary mirror, allowing the
eyepiece or camera to be mounted at the back end of
the tube. The Cassegrain reflecting telescope was
developed in 1672 by the French sculptor Sieur
Guillaume Cassegrain. This helped create other
telescopes which are used by scientists and anybody
else who would prefer to use it. This impacted the
world of technologies and science a lot, it created
other telescopes which gave us more knowledge about
our own and other planets.
Camera - 1685
•
The first camera that was small and portable
enough to be practical for photography was
built by John Strognofe in 1685. A camera is a
device that records images, either as a still
photograph or as moving images known as
videos or movies. Digital cameras are mostly
used nowadays, instead of film. If it wasn’t for
Camera, then we can’t use Television, it is
used to capture images and display them.
People also use it to create art, so it has made
a huge impact on our world.
Three-colour Printing - 1710
•
In 1710, three-colour printing is invented by
German engraver Jakob Christoph Le Blon
(1667-1741). Color printing is the reproduction
of an image or text in color. It’s used in a lot of
places and has made a huge impact on the
world. We can now have colour thing printed,
such as images. It’s used in a lot of places like
business, school, and for home. It has given a
boost to our education, so kids and adults can
learn with colour pictures, things like art and
studying the human body.
Tuning Fork - 1711
•
In 1711, Tuning fork is invented by John
Shore. It resonates at a specific constant
pitch when set vibrating by striking it
against a surface or with an object. They
are commonly used to tune musical
instruments but can also be used to
check vibration sense as part of the
examination of the peripheral nervous
system.
Lithography - 1798
•
In 1798, Lithography is invented by Alois
Senefelder. Lithography is a method for
printing using a plate or stone with a
completely smooth surface. It’s used to
print books, maps and poster. Its impact
has been fairly huge because it has
developed different types of printing,
those are used for certain other things
and this is used for certain things as well.
Paper-making machinery - 1803
•
In 1803, Modern paper-making machinery is
invented by two British brothers after whom the
Foudrinier machine is named. Paper is thin
material mainly used for writing upon, printing
upon or packaging. It’s used everyday in our
life by everyone. It’s used in schools, business,
home and pretty much everyone. It has
become a huge part of our society, but it
comes at a price, which is cutting down the
tress in order to make paper.
Galvanometer - 1829
•
In 1829, Leopoldi Nobili invents the galvanometer. A
galvanometer is a type of ammeter: an instrument for
detecting and measuring electric current. It is an
analog electromechanical transducer that produces a
rotary deflection, through a limited arc, in response to
electric current flowing through its coil. The ammeter is
used a lot nowadays for an electrician because they
want to know what kind of current they are up against,
it helps them a lot in safety as they are careful of not to
do anything stupid while handling the current and
electricity. It’s used to make a lot of money since it’s
still used until today and will continue to be used for
the future.
Phenakistoscope - 1831
•
The phenakistoscope was an early animation device,
the predecessor of the zoetrope. It was invented in
1831 simultaneously by the Belgian Joseph Plateau
and the Austrian Simon von Stampfer. It’s a spinning
disk with pictures drawn on them to show how
animation is done. This made an impact in our
technology because now we always have different kind
of animations and it’s used every day in our life. It
makes a lot of money out of it, because kids love their
cartoon shows that come on every day and now
different types of animation technology is used, thanks
to the Computer.
Stroboscope - 1833
•
In 1833, Simon Ritter von Stampfer, a Viennese
professor, invents the Stroboscope. It is an instrument
used to make a cyclically moving object appear to be
slow-moving, or stationary. The principle is used for the
study of rotating, reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating
objects. Machine parts and vibrating strings are
common examples. Stroboscopes play an important
role in the study of stresses on machinery in motion,
and in many other forms of research. They are also
used as measuring instruments for determining cyclic
speed. It’s used every day in our life so we can further
our knowledge and learn more about how this word
works. It’s contributed a lot to Physics which we use to
make buildings and much more.
Telegraph - 1835
•
Samuel Finley Breese Morse (1791-1872) was an
American inventor and painter. Morse built the first
American telegraph around 1835. A telegraph sends
electrical signals over a long distance, through wires.
In 1830, Joseph Henry (1797-1878) made the first
long-distance telegraphic device - he sent an electric
current for over a mile on wire that activated an
electromagnet, causing a bell to ring. This was a major
impact to the world and the technologies. It was used
to help create the radio and the telephone because of
how the system works through the wires. It’s old
fashioned now, but it did its part to help the world and
the other technologies.
Typewriter - 1867
•
The first typewriter was invented in 1867
by the American printer and Editor
Christopher Latham Sholes (Feb. 14,
1819 - Feb. 17, 1890). It was a pretty big
invention at that time until printers came
in. It’s still used because some people
like the old fashioned things.
Quadruplex Telegraph - 1874
•
Quadruplex Telegraph - In 1874, Thomas Edison
invented the first Quadruplex telegraph, which
was capable of sending two messages
simultaneously in each direction. To send two
signals in a single direction at the same time, the
quadruplex telegraph used one signal to control
the polarity of the line, i.e., the direction of
current flow imposed upon the wire. The other
signal was used to vary the absolute strength or
voltage of the signal. This has been very helpful
to the military and to the world as it helped
create telephones which turned out to be one of
the best inventions of the world.
Wax stencil mimeograph duplicator - 1875
•
In 1875, Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931)
invents the wax stencil mimeograph duplicator.
It is a low-cost printing press that works by
forcing ink through a stencil onto paper. It was
used later on to help create a better printer
which we can easily use to do whole lot of
printing, such as printing newspaper,
advertisement, or any other type of paper
needed to be printed. It’s used in school,
business and everywhere around the world.
Telephone - 1876
• Alexander Graham Bell of Scotland, Great
Britain invented the telephone. He invented
the telephone in 1876. It’s a
telecommunications device that is used to
transmit and receive sound. Nowadays,
people use different types of Phone, like
new developed digital phones and cell
phones.
Praxinoscope - 1877
•
The praxinoscope was an animation device, the
successor to the zoetrope. It was invented in France in
1877 by Charles-Émile Reynaud. Like the zoetrope, it
used a strip of pictures placed around the inner
surface of a spinning cylinder. Someone looking in the
mirrors would therefore see a rapid succession of
images producing the illusion of motion, with a brighter
and less distorted picture than the zoetrope offered.
This was a great invention as it showed good
animations during that time, which later developed to
better and better animations and now there are a lot of
cartoon shows which create a lot of money because
kids like to buy toys and having cartoon/animations,
the industry made tons of cash which was good for the
society.
Lamp - 1879
•
After many experiments with platinum and other metal
filaments, Edison returned to a carbon filament. The first
successful test was on October 22, 1879, and lasted 40
hours. Edison continued to improve this design and by
November 4, 1879, filed for U.S. patent 223,898 (granted on
January 27, 1880) for an electric lamp using a carbon
filament or strip coiled and connected to platina contact
wires. It is designed to produce light and electricity.
Filament lamps have long been used as fast acting
thermistors in electronic circuits. Popular uses have
included: Stabilisation of sine wave oscillators, Protection of
tweeters, and Automatic volume control in telephones.
Lamps are used often nowadays and it’s getting popular.
Most of the people have lamps in their home so they can
have light.
Cash Register - 1879
•
The mechanical cash register was invented
(and patented) in 1879 by James Ritty (18361918). Ritty was an American tavern keeper in
Dayton, Ohio. He nicknamed his cash register
the "Incorruptible Cashier," and started the
National Manufacturing Company to sell them.
This is a major part of the business as it is
used to store cash in it. Thanks to this, it has
become organized way of selling items and it’s
used in pretty much in every store because it
turned out to be such a great invention.
Zoopraxiscope - 1879
•
It is an early device for displaying motion pictures.
Created by photographic pioneer Eadweard Muybridge
in 1879, it may be considered the first movie projector.
The zoopraxiscope projected images from rotating
glass disks in rapid succession to give the impression
of motion. It was a great invention back then as it
helped out the industry a lot and it was very beneficial
for the society. Film industry is a huge part of our
society because it makes tons of money for the actors,
actress, directors etc... It also makes money for the
community because people like us pay to see the
movies and it keeps the cycle going and hopefully we
won’t end up in a great depression and keep this cycle
going.
Gyrocompass - 1885
• A gyrocompass is similar to a gyroscope. It is a compass that finds
true north by using an (electrically powered) fast-spinning wheel and
friction forces in order to exploit the rotation of the Earth.
Gyrocompasses are widely used on ships. They have two main
advantages over magnetic compasses:
• they find true north, i.e., the direction of Earth's rotational axis, as
opposed to magnetic north,
• they are far less susceptible to external magnetic fields, e.g. those
created by ferrous metal in a ship's hull. The gyrocompass was
patented in 1885 by the Dutch Marinus Gerardus van den Bos. A
compass is used a lot during these days when people go out to
explore and can also be used to save a life by giving you the
direction to your house. Although better and more accurate compass
are created nowadays but this invention helped create it.
Electrotachpscope - 1887
•
The electrotachyscope is an 1887 invention
of Ottomar Anschütz of Germany which
presents the illusion of motion with transparent
serial photographs, chronophotographs,
arranged on a spinning wheel of fortune or
mandala-like glass disc, significant as a
technological development in the history of
cinema. It was first publicly demonstrated at
the Chicago World's Fair of 1893. It was a
major invention for the film industry as these
little invention helped create better inventions
for the future.
Kinetoscope - 1888
•
The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition
device. Though not a movie projector—it was designed
for films to be viewed individually through the window
of a cabinet housing its components—the Kinetoscope
introduced the basic approach that would become the
standard for all cinematic projection before the advent
of video. First described in conceptual terms by U.S.
inventor Thomas Edison in 1888, it was largely
developed by his employee William Kennedy Laurie
Dickson between 1889 and 1892. This helped create
better motion picture which became a huge part of our
society and will continue to be a huge part of our
society.
Cinematography- 1890
•
The cinematograph is a film camera, which
also serves as a film projector and developer.
It was invented in the 1890s. Lumiere Brothers
invent a portable motion-picture camera, film
processing unit and projector called the
Cinematographe. Lumiere Brothers using their
Cinematographe are the first to present a
projected motion picture to an audience of
more than one person. This was a major
invention because it impacted the society a lot
and made tons of cash. People also got to
show their talents they had.
Eidoloscope - 1894
•
The Eidoloscope was an early motion picture
system created by Woodville Latham and his
two sons through their business, the Lambda
Company, in New York City in 1894 and 1895.
Originally called the Panoptikon, it is perhaps
the first widescreen film format, with an aspect
ratio of 1.85. It had a film gauge of 51 mm and
an aperture of 37 mm by 20 mm. This helped
create better picture system and gave us
better entertainment.
Vitascope - 1895
•
Vitascope is an early film projector first
demonstrated in 1895 by Charles Francis
Jenkins and Thomas Armat. This
prototype of modern film projectors cast
images onto a wall or screen for a
moderately large audience. This
invention helped create better projectors,
films and camera which later on helped
out the society a lot and it was great for
people who also wanted entertainment.
Magnetic Storage - 1898
•
In December 9 1898, Valdemar Poulsen invented
magnetic storage and magnetic recordings are terms
from engineering referring to the storage of data on a
magnetized medium. As of 2008, common uses of
magnetic storage media are for computer data mass
storage on hard disks and the recording of analog
audio and video works on analog tape. Digital tape
and tape libraries are popular for the high capacity
data storage of archives and backups. This invention
has helped improve our computer a lot with the data.
Our computer continues to grow and become faster.
Magentic Storage and Magnetic Recording helped out
our computer to make it faster.
Transistor - 1925
•
The first patent for the field-effect transistor
principle was filed in Canada by AustrianHungarian physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld on
October 22, 1925. A Transistor is a
semiconductor device commonly used to
amplify or switch electronic signals. Usage for
a Transistor is bipolar junction transistor and
MOSFETs. BJT was used often in the early
days and it’s used even after MOSFETs came
out. This helped out science a lot as it used for
electronic purposes and helped the scientists
develop better technology.
Electron Microscope - 1931
• An electron microscope is a type of microscope that
uses a particle beam of electrons to illuminate a
specimen and create a highly-magnified image. Electron
microscopes have much greater resolving power than
light microscopes that use electromagnetic radiation and
can obtain much higher magnifications of up to 2 million
times. The first electron microscope prototype was built
in 1931 by the German engineers Ernst Ruska and Max
Knoll. This was huge for the world of science as it helped
us know better about atoms and we were able to look
deeper into science so we can create more and better
inventions for our lifestyle.
Ballpoint pen - 1935
•
The first non-leaking ballpoint pen was invented in
1935 by the Hungarian brothers Lazlo and Georg
Biro. Lazlo was a chemist and Georg was a
newspaper editor. A ballpoint marker had been
invented much earlier (in 1888 by John Loud, an
American leather tanner, who used the device for
marking leather) but Loud's marker leaked, making it
impractical for everyday use. A new type of ink had to
be developed; this is what the Biro brothers did. The
brothers patented their invention and then opened the
first ballpoint manufacturing plant in Argentina, South
America. This has made a minor impact but it has still
made an impact because pens are used everyday in
our lives. Thanks to this different types of pens we’re
created.
Radio - 1940
•
Radio is the transmission of signals, by modulation of
electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those
of visible light. It was built around 1920’s and was able
to help the military immediately since the war started
during that time. Radio has become a huge part of our
life and people use it to hear news while driving their
cars and possibly in their work. It has become a huge
part of the business area as well; people use it to
advertise so people become more aware of the
products. It’s also used in the military so they can
communicate with each other. Radio will continue to
impact our society.
X-Ray Microscope - 1940
• An X-ray microscope uses electromagnetic radiation in
the soft X-ray band to produce images of very small
objects. Sir Lawrence Bragg produced some of the first
usable X-ray images with his apparatus in the late
1940's. Unlike visible light, X-rays do not reflect or refract
easily, and they are invisible to the human eye.
Therefore the basic process of an X-ray microscope is to
expose film or use a charge-coupled device detector to
detect X-rays that pass through the specimen. This has
been a very useful inventions as we can use X-rays to
looks through things, such as atoms, how they are
structurally built or any item. This invention will continue
to do impact on our society as we can build a better
society for all of us.
Liquid Paper - 1951
•
Liquid Paper is a quick-drying, papercolored (white) liquid that is painted onto
paper to correct printed material. Liquid
Paper was invented in 1951 by Bessie
Nesmith (1922-1980). It made an impact
to our world as we now use it a lot for
printing. We have more and better
printing press then ever before.
Catadioptric Telescope - 1960
• A catadioptric optical system is one where lenses and
curved mirrors are used to form the Image-forming
optical system. Catadioptric systems are commonly used
in telescopes and in lightweight, long focal length lenses
for cameras. Ever since this type of telescope was
introduced by Celestron in the 1960s. Now many
companies mass-produce this type of telescope, at
prices that make them quite affordable for many
amateurs. This was a major invention as it is used today
by companies so they can sell it because a lot of
scientists want to use this telescope to study the world
and educate the rest of the world.
Pulsed Ruby Laser – 1960
•
Pulsed ruby laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation), invented by Dr Charles H
Townes in 1960, and is demonstrated by its maker
Theodore H Maiman (1927- ) at Hughes Aircraft
Company Research Laboratories, Malibu,
California. It is the first practical laser of any kind. Is
a solid-state laser that uses a synthetic ruby crystal
as its gain medium.
Fluorescence Microscope
• A fluorescence microscope is a light
microscope used to study properties of organic
or inorganic substances using the phenomena of
fluorescence and phosphorescence instead of,
or in addition to, reflection and absorption. This
was a major invention as the scientists were
able to look deeper and better for the science.
The scientists have been able to do more and
accurate experiments to build new things which
will help us out in the future.
Radio Telescope
•
A radio telescope is a metal dish that
gathers radio waves from space. Radio
astronomy involves exploring space by
examining radio waves from outer space.
It became a major part to our planet as
scientist use it every day to study our
planet so we can have more information
about it.
Radar
•
Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to
identify the range, altitude, direction, or speed of both
moving and fixed objects such as aircraft, ships, motor
vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. Radar is
used in many contexts, including meteorological
detection of precipitation, measuring ocean surface
waves, air traffic control, police detection of speeding
traffic, and by the military. It has become a huge part of
our society, it’s used every day and as I listed above, it
gives us information about us and our environment. It
helps the military as well and lets them know if there is
any enemies and danger around them.
Cellophane
•
Cellophane is a thin, transparent,
waterproof, protective film that is used in
many types of packaging. It was invented
in 1908 by Jacques Edwin
Brandenberger, a Swiss chemist. This
eased out the packaging in the world and
packaging has been huge as we use it
everyday to ship different types of
materials.
Television
•
A lot of different inventions were mixed together in
order to create colour T.V. which was built around
1920’s. Philo Taylor Farnsworth (August 19, 1906 –
March 11, 1971) was an American inventor. He is best
known for inventing the first completely electronic
television. Television is a widely used
telecommunication medium for transmitting and
receiving moving images. It’s used around the world so
people can know what is happening around the world.
People use it to watch movies, shows and a lot of jobs
and money is created thanks to the television.
Nowadays people mostly used Plasma T.V. or LCD
T.V.
Daguerreotype
•
Daguerreotype is an early type of photograph,
developed by Louis Daguerre, in which the
image is exposed directly onto a mirrorpolished surface of silver bearing a coating of
silver halide particles deposited by iodine
vapor. Thanks to this, we have developed
better types of images thanks to new digital
camera and this had an impact to create that
technology. It was used for art but now this has
created digital cameras which are used to
capture memories.
Loudspeaker
•
In 1877, In Germany, E W Siemens invents the
moving coil loudspeaker. A loudspeaker,
speaker is an electro acoustical transducer
that converts an electrical signal to sound.
Thanks to this invention, many other
loudspeakers are better and louder than ever
before. We use these types of loudspeakers
for movies as well as home. It’s also used in
Cinemas which is used to generate a lot of
revenue for this world.
Celluloid
•
Celluloid is invented by Alexander Parkes
(1813-90) at Birmingham, England. Celluloid is
the name of a class of compounds created
from nitrocellulose and camphor, plus dyes
and other agents. Celluloid is highly flammable
and also easily decomposes, and is no longer
widely used. Its most common uses today are
the table tennis ball and guitar picks. It did
have an impact even though it’s no longer
used, but it’s used for other things which we
use every day.
Polarizers
•
Edwin Herbert Land (1909-1991) was an
American physicist and inventor who
developed the first modern light
polarizers (which eliminate glare) and
other optical devices, investigated the
mechanisms of color perception, and
developed the instant photography
process (the Polaroid camera). It helped
out the film industry as it used to help
create better optical devices.
Refracting Telescope
• A refracting or refractor telescope is a dioptric
telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an
image. The refracting telescope design was originally
used in spy glasses and astronomical telescopes but is
also used in other devices such as binoculars and long
or telephoto camera lenses. Refractors were the earliest
type of optical telescope. The first practical refracting
telescopes appeared in the Netherlands in about 1608,
and were credited to three individuals, Hans Lippershey
and Zacharias Janssen, spectacle-makers in
Middelburg, and Jacob Metius of Alkmaar also known as
Jacob Adriaanszoon. This was one of the earliest scope
which had an impact and affected all the other telescope
that were made after and helped us out in the education
category as now we now more then ever.