1
Agenda
• Overview of Cloud Computing
• Preparing your Campus for a
Private Cloud
• Above the Campus Opportunities
2
The Pace of Technology is Dizzying
• Explosion of options and content
producers. The democratization of
content. YouTube 2B views a day.
• Service-Oriented Architecture and Web
Services drive application growth.
• New tools put application development
into everyone’s hands – the
democratization of technology.
• Personal broadband makes it possible
to access it all cheaply.
• A disappearing line between what is
offered inside and outside campus.
• Every discipline needs computing –
should they use consumer services?
.
3
Berkeley Researchers View of Cloud
“Cloud Computing refers to both the
applications delivered as services over the
Internet and the hardware and systems
software in the datacenters that provide
those services. The services themselves
have long been referred to as Software as a
Service (SaaS). The datacenter hardware
and software is what we will call a Cloud.
When a Cloud is made available in a payas-you-go manner to the general public, we
call it a Public Cloud; the service being sold
is Utility Computing. We use the term
Private Cloud to refer to internal datacenters
of a business or other organization, not
made available to the general public. Thus,
Cloud Computing is the sum of SaaS and
Utility Computing, but does not include
Private Clouds.” (pg. 1)
4
NIST Cloud Definition
“The National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) defines cloud computing as a "pay-per-use
model for enabling available, convenient and ondemand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources (e.g., networks,
servers, storage, applications and services) that
can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service provider
interaction."
5
April 2009
Basic Cloud Definitions
• A model of computation and data storage based on “pay
as you go” access to “unlimited” remote data center
capabilities
• A cloud infrastructure provides a framework to manage
scalable, reliable, on-demand access to applications
• Cloud services provide the “invisible” backend to many of
our mobile applications
• High level of elasticity in consumption
• Historical roots in today’s Internet apps
• Search, email, social networks
• File storage (Live Mesh, Mobile
Me, Flicker, …)
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Details and Examples of Cloud
7
The Role of Cloud in Campus IT
So we will just buy everything from
the cloud and won’t need IT, right?
Not exactly….
8
http://www.dvorak.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/cloud.jpg
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Scale Matters - Even Locally
Cloud
Services
Low
Adoption
High
large,
standardized
 Any aggregation is better
than none. Start small
 Funding model clarity is
critical. Activity based
costing for services
small,
specialized
Low
 Identify local duplication.
Plan for transition during
refresh.
High
Standardization of Product
 Once standardized
services can be evaluated
against cloud.
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The New IT
IT is shifting from developing technical solutions
to enabling efficient solutions through a mix of
sourced technology services.
How do we do that?
- Embrace change
- Streamline adoption
- Provide integration
- Facilitate reuse
While protecting privacy, reducing institutional
risk, ensuring continuity, meeting regulatory
compliance and high availability requirements.
….And do it all for less $$$.
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SILO
SILO
SILO
SILO
SILO
SILO
SILO
IT Organizations Must Evolve
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Setting the stage for expanded supply
Chancellor
Associate Vice Chancellor
Chief Information Officer
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Achieving Scale
• Start by selecting one or two areas of focus:
– Client layer
– Applications layer
– Data layer
– Infrastructure layer
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Cloud Computing Layers
15
Scale Matters in the Cloud
Range in size from “edge” facilities
to megascale.
Economies of scale
Approximate costs for a small size
center (1K servers) and a larger, 100K
server center.
Technology
Cost in smallsized Data
Center
Network
$95 per Mbps/ $13 per Mbps/
Month
month
7.1
$2.20 per GB/
Month
$0.40 per GB/
month
5.7
>1000
Servers/
Administrator
7.1
Storage
Administrat ~140 servers/
ion
Administrator
Cost in Large
Data Center
Ratio
Each data center is
11.5 times
the size of a football field
Containers: Separating Concerns
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The Future: an Explosion of Data
Experiments
Simulations
The Challenge:
Enable Discovery.
Deliver the capability to mine,
search and analyze this data
in near real time.
Archives
Literature
Instruments
Enhance our Lives
Participate in our own heath
care. Augment experience
with deeper understanding.
Petabytes
Doubling every
2 years
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Where to focus to achieve scale
• The Client: Too personal, too dynamic
• Application: Requires architecture decisions on
platform as a service to achieve scale
• Data: Data management tools not consistent
across disciplines. Many policy issues.
• Infrastructure: Less visible to end users, can
use regular refresh cycles to augment startup
costs.
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Infrastructure: Cycles and Storage
• Cycles and storage are mostly invisible to end users –
but very useful to IT folks – developers and data
management teams.
• Each faculty member wants or needs their own
cyberinfrastructure and requests expansions via grant
process.
• The result is ‘clusteritis’ where an ever increasing
number of individual clusters are populating nearly every
higher ed campus
• Three options:
• Private Clouds – you build out your own infrastructure locally
• Public Clouds – Leverage public cloud infrastructure
• Community Clouds – partner with similar entities to create scale
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Critical Success Factors
•
•
Develop solutions to maximize existing assets – Prepare
for transition as part of regular refresh.
Have your costing models done – what does it fully cost
for you to provide the service?
•
Personalized: Enable the solutions to be customizable to
the individual consumers of the service.
•
Dynamic: Architect solutions that can scale (up and
down) very quickly.
•
Easily provisioned: Make it very (VERY) easy to use the
services and scale them based on need.
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Private Cloud vs. Public Cloud
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http://wikibon.org/blog/private-cloud-computing/
Rates by Storage Tier,
$/GB/Month
Total Allocated SAN Capacity, Terabytes
400
$4.50
350
$4.00
300
$3.50
250
Mass Tier
Economy Tier
200
$3.00
$2.50
Standard Tier
Mid Tier
150
$2.00
High Tier
$1.50
100
$1.00
50
$0.50
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Feb-10
Nov-09
Aug-09
May-09
Feb-09
Nov-08
Aug-08
May-08
Feb-08
Nov-07
Aug-07
May-07
Feb-07
Nov-06
$0.00
Aug-06
Feb-10
Nov-09
Aug-09
May-09
Feb-09
Nov-08
Aug-08
May-08
Feb-08
Nov-07
Aug-07
May-07
Feb-07
Nov-06
Aug-06
0
Case Study: Private Cloud - ShaRCS
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Case Study: Public – Crowdsourced
Data
EC2 Open
Up Many Research Options:
Annotated Human Genome Data provided by ENSEMBL
•
The Ensembl project produces genome databases for human as well as
almost 50 other species, and makes this information freely available.
Various US Census Databases from The US Census Bureau
•
United States demographic data from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 US Censuses, summary
information about Business and Industry , and 2003-2006 Economic Household Profile Data.
UniGene provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information
•
A set of transcript sequences of well-characterized genes and hundreds of
thousands of expressed sequence tags (EST) that provide an organized view of the
transcriptome.
Freebase Data Dump from Freebase.com
•
A data dump of all the current facts and assertions in the Freebase system.
Freebase is an open database of the world’s information, covering millions of topics in
hundreds of categories. Drawing from large open data sets like Wikipedia,
MusicBrainz, and the SEC archives, it contains structured information on many
popular topics, including movies, music, people and locations – all reconciled and 25
freely available.
Above-Campus Services
Shaping the Promise of Cloud Computing for Higher
Education
by Brad Wheeler and Shelton Waggener
Illustration by Randy Lyhus ©2009
EDUCAUSE Review, Nov/Dec 2009