Classification of Matter
Have you thought about all
of the objects that matter
can be broken down into?
Matter
Mixtures
Heterogeneous
Mixtures
Physical
Changes
Homogeneous
Mixtures
Pure Substances
Elements
Compounds
Pure Substances:
MATTER THAT IS THE SAME THROUGHOUT:
1. Same Composition
2. Same Physical and Chemical
Properties
Pure Substances
Elements
Compounds
Chemical Changes
Elements are:
- The simplest form of
matter.
- Can not be broken down
into simpler substances.
Examples:
Gold, Oxygen, and Platinum
Everything in the universe
is made up of elements.
Today over 114 elements
have been discovered.
They combine chemically to
form compounds
Compounds are:
• Combinations of two or more
different elements combined
chemically
• Most of the matter in the universe
are compounds
• Examples: Water, Salt, and Aspirin
Mixtures:
COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES:
There are 3 types of Mixtures:
1. Solutions
2. Colloids
3. Suspensions
Mixtures
Heterogeneous
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Mixtures
Colloids and Suspensions
Solutions
Homogeneous VS Heterogeneous
• Homogeneous
• Heterogeneous
– “Homo-”: the
same
– “Hetero”-:
different
Mixtures
– Composition is the
same throughout
Mixtures
– Composition is
inconsistent
Examples: lemonade,
gasoline, steel, salt water
Examples: orange juice,
pizza, dirt, blood, milk
Colloids
● Colloids have particles that are
small to medium in size.
● The particles in a colloid do not
settle out.
● Colloids have a positive Tyndell
Effect
What is a Tyndell Effect?
• A Tyndell Effect is when dispersed colloid
particles are large enough to scatter light.
◊If you can see a beam
of light then there is a
Tyndell Effect (positive)
◊If you can not see a
beam of light then there
isn’t a Tyndell Effect
(negative)
Colloids
●
Colloids appear cloudy.
●
The particles in a colloid are not
filtered out.
● Examples of colloids are:
milk, mayonnaise, and fog
Suspensions
• Suspensions have medium to large sized
particles. Sometimes you can see them with
your eyes.
• Suspensions settle out when they are left
alone.
• Suspensions have a positive Tyndell Effect.
• Suspensions may appear cloudy or chunky.
Suspensions
• Suspensions have particles that are large
enough to be filtered out (they can be
caught by a filter).
• Examples of suspensions are:
- Italian salad dressing
-Snow globes
-Smoke
-Dust in the air
-Orange Juice
Solutions
●
●
●
●
●
Solutions are made when a solute (like
sugar) is dissolved into a solvent (like
water).
Solutions have tiny particles that you
can’t even see with a microscope.
Solutions do not settle out when they are
left alone.
Solutions do not have a positive Tyndell
Effect.
Solutions are clear (not necessarily
colorless).
Solutions
Particles are not filtered out.
●
Examples of solutions are:
- Soft drinks
- Tea
- Windex
●
Let’s Break it Down…
Mixture
Type
Colloid
Solution
Suspension
Homo or
Hetero
Hetero
Homo
Hetero
Size
Small to
medium sized
particles
Microscopic
sized particles
Medium to
Large sized
particles
Tyndell
Effect?
Filter?
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Examples
Milk
Kool-aid
Orange Juice