PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA
PENELITIAN INTERDISIPLIN
BAHAN KAJIAN
MK. Metode Penelitian Interdisiplin dalam Kajian Lingkungan
Diabstraksikan oleh: Smno.psl.ppsub.Sept. 2013
INTERDISCIPLINARY
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF BRAWIJAYA
2013
KOMPETENSI UTAMA LULUSAN
1. Kemampuan menganalisis secara sistemik permasalahan riil
pembangunan, sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan hidup
2. Kemampuan mensintesis secara konseptual komprehensif
untuk menjawab permasalahan realita pembangunan,
sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan hidup
3. Kemampuan mendisain program kajian ilmiah untuk
menjawab permasalahan realita pembangunan, sumberdaya
alam dan lingkungan
4. Kemampuan menyusun skenario implementasi hasil-hasil
kajian ilmiah ke dalam proses formulasi kebijakan publik dan
penerapannya dalam pembangunan
5. Kemampuan melaksanakan kajian-kajian ilmiah secara
efektif untuk ikut menjawab permasalahan realita
pembangunan, sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan
KOMPETENSI PENDUKUNG LULUSAN
1. Kemampuan menyusun pendekatan ilmiah interdisiplin dan
sistemik dalam menganalisis problematik realita
pembangunan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (SDAL)
2. Kemampuan mengimplementasikan dan menerapkan Metode
dan Teknik multi-obyektif dan multidimensional dalam analisis
masalah pembangunan yang bersifat multi-goals
3. Mampu memahami sistem informasi dan implementasinya
dalam proses pengambilan keputusan pembangunan SDAL
4. Mampu menguasai metode penelitian dan implementasinya
dalam kajian-kajian ilmiah yang relevan dengan pembangunan
SDAL
5. Kemampuan mengkomunikasikan hasil-hasil kajian ilmiah
kepada khalayak dan komunitas pembangunan
PEMBELAJARAN KAJIAN
SUMBERDAYA LINGKUNGAN & PEMBANGUNAN
MKPSDAL1
Masalah
Lingkungan &
Pembangunan :
Bio-fisik
Sosial-EKonomi
MKP1
MKPSDAL2
MKPSDAL2
EKOLOGI-LINGKUNGAN
METODE RISET INTERDISIPLIN
SOLUSI
MASALAH
Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial-Ekonomi
MKP2
MKP3
RISET
TERAPAN
EKOLOGI
EKONOMI
SOSIAL
PENELITIAN INTERDISIPLIN DALAM PSDAL
Interdisciplinary research (IDR) adalah “mode of research” yang
mengintegrasikan informasi, data, techniques, tools,
perspectives, concepts, dan / atau theories dari dua atau lebih
disiplin ilmu untuk “to solve problems” yang solusinya berada
di luar lingkup suatu disiplin ilmu.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Contoh Jurnal Internasional:
IJMRA: International Journal of Mixed Research Approach
JESS: Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences
JIER: Journal Interdisciplinary Environmental Review
JIES: Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences
JERAD: Journal of Environmental Research And Development
Dll.
In a mixed model research, quantitative and qualitative approaches are mixed across at
least two of the stages of research.
KAJIAN INTERDISIPLIN
Pembangunan berkelanjutan tidak dapat terwujud hanya
dnegan pembangunan ekonomi, tetapi juga diperlukan
lingkungan yang baik, kualitas pendidikan yang bagus, dan
keadilan manfaat pembangunan bagi semua warna negara.
Banyak permasalahan dalam pembangunanmasyarakat yang tidak dapat diselesaikan secara
teknis saja, tetapi juga memerlukan pemahaman yang
mendalam dan pertimbangan-pertimbangan
“humanity, society and nature”.
RISET INTERDISIPLIN
Interdisciplinary research (IDR) adalah
suatu mode riset oleh tim atau individual yang
mengintegrasikan informasi, data, techniques,
tools, perspektif, konsep, dan /atau theori, dari
dua atau lebih disiplin atau bodies of specialized
knowledge, untuk mengembangkan pemahaman
yang mendasar atau menyelesaikan masalah
yang “penyelesaiannya” di luar lingkup suatu
disiplin ilmu.
Karakteristik IDR yang baik:
1. flexibility, adaptability, creativity
2. curiosity about, and willingness to learn from,
other disciplines
3. an open mind to ideas coming from other
disciplines and experiences
4. good communication and listening skills
5. an ability to bridge the gap between theory and
practice
6. a good team worker: Kesatuan antara mahasiswa
pembimbing dan penguji
Multi-metodologi
Multimetodologi = mixed methods research, adalah
suatu pendekatan penelitian yang
mengkombinasikan metode pengumpulan dan
analisis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif.
Istilah 'multimethodology' lebih banyak digunakan
dalam “operations research” .
Pendekatan ini menjadi populer semenjak tahun
1980-an
Mixed-Method Research (MMR)
Mengkombinasikan metode-metode kuantitatif dan
kualitatif menjadi suatu idea yang bagus.
Menggunakan pendekatan multiple ini dapat
memperkuat keunggulan masing-masing pendekatan
dan mengatasi kelemahannya masing-masing.
Pendekatan ini juga dapat menyediakan jawaban yang
lebih komprehensif terhadap “research questions”,
menerobos keterbatasan suatu pendekatan tunggal.
Multi-Method Studies (MMS)
Multi-method studies menggunakan berbagai metode
pengumpulan data dan analisis data di dalam suatu “single
research paradigm”.
Misalnya, anda melakukan penelitian kualitatif, dimana anda
melakukan observasi sebagai seorang partisipan, dan anda
juga melakukan wawancara dengan orang-orang.
Atau dalam penelitian kuantitatif anda melakukan survei
perilaku siswa, dan anda juga mengumpulkan informasi dari
catatan komputer tentang frequensi ‘hits’ dalam penggunaan
bahan ajar berbasis web.
Dengan kata lain, anda menggunakan metode-metode yang
secara luas-kompatibel di dalam suatu paradigm (atau a set of
beliefs and values).
Proposal penelitian interdisiplin yang baik
•
Specify clearly why an interdisciplinary approach is needed, which
type of interdisciplinary approach is envisaged and which
disciplines should be involved.
•
Describe how the disciplines involved will be integrated and how
this relates to the type of interdisciplinarity involved; demonstrate
how the quality of integration will be assured
•
Summarise the interdisciplinary skills of the researchers involved
•
Describe how interdisciplinarity will be reflected in the
research questions, research objectives, outputs and
outcomes.
Eutrophication of freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems a
global problem.
Val H Smith. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2003, Volume 10, Number 2, Pages
126-139.
Ekosistem Akuatik
Bagaimana
Eutrofikasi
mempengaruhi
biomasa dan
komposisi
spesies algae
sistem perairan
tawar dan pantai
BIOLOGI PERAIRAN
Dinamika Populasi .
Response of algal
biomass to nitrogen
and phosphorus
availability in
aquatic ecosystem.
The species
composition of algal
communities
inhabiting the water
column to respond
to nutrient loading.
Coastal marine
ecosystems will
respond positively
to nutrient loading
control efforts.
Groundwater quality in Imphal West district, Manipur, India, with multivariate statistical
analysis of data
Elangbam J. K. Singh, Abhik Gupta and N. R. Singh. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2012
To analyze the
groundwater
quality of
Imphal West
district,
Manipur, India,
and
assess its
suitability for
drinking,
domestic, and
agricultural
use.
Statistik
multivariate
KUALITAS AIR
Dampak kesehatan
masyarakat
Model analisis
multivariate (PCA)
sangat
bermanfaat
Kontaminasi As
dan Konsentrasi
Na tinggi menjadi
kendala bagi
pemanfaatannya
Dampak
kesehatan
manusia tidak
nyata.
Ecological Based Planning of Forest Outdoor Recreation Case Study: Traditional Span of
Mandj in Lordegan Forests-Iran
Beytollah Mahmoudi, Naghmeh Sharifi, Rahim Maleknia, Reza Ahmadeian and Amin Haghsetan
Res. Jour. of Environmental and Earth Sciences. 2012 Vol. 4 , (7): 680-687
Forest is
considered as one
of the most
important and
most attractive
recreation
resources in
nature which is
the destination of
most of the nature
tourists.
Perencanaan
Wanawisata
lestari?
Pengelolaan Hutan
Lestari
Valuasi Wanawisata
Valuasi EkologiEkonomi
The 7 forest areas
with total area of 6.3
ha are suitable for
intensive outdoor
recreation and
remaining areas of
this region (2476 ha)
could be used for
extensive outdoor
recreation.
Sumber air menjadi
faktor pembatas
penghembangan
wanawisata.
Integrating Marketing and Environmental Studies Through an Interdisciplinary,
Experiential, Service-Learning Approach
Nila M. Wiese, and Daniel J. Sherman. Journal of Marketing Education April 2011 vol. 33 no. 1 41-56 .
Perilaku Konsumen
Evaluation of an
interdisciplinary,
experiential
service-learning
project that
combined
environmental
studies and
marketing .
Green Marketing
Environmental
Services valuation
Students in
environmental studies
were able to identify and
apply ways in which
marketing tools can be
employed to promote
social causes and effect
positive environmental
behavioral change.
Marketing students
applied marketing
concepts to a real-life
situation, while gaining
a greater awareness of
environmental issues
and the role of
businesses in
environmental
stewardship.
Food Versus Biofuels: Environmental and Economic Costs
David Pimentel, Alison Marklein, Megan A. Toth, Marissa N. Karpoff and Gillian S. Paul.
Human Ecology. Volume 37, Number 1 / February 2009 . p.1-12
Agroteknologi tanaman
serealia.
The use of
food crops
such as corn
grain to
produce
ethanol raises
major
nutritional and
ethical
concerns.
Ekonomi Sumberdaya
Ekonomi Pangan dan
Ekonomi Energi.
Using food grains to
produce biofuels is
already causing
food shortages for
the poor of the
world.
Growing crops for
biofuel not only
ignores the need to
reduce fossil energy
and land use, but
exacerbates the
problem of
malnourishment
worldwide.
Smallholder Livelihoods, Wealth and Deforestation in the Eastern
Amazon.
Pablo Pacheco. Human Ecology. Volume 37, Number 1 / February 2009 . p. 27-41
Ekonomi
RUMAHTANGGA
Pola-pola
akumulasi
kesejahteraan
dan
pengaruhnya
terhadap
deforestasi
hutan oleh
smallholder
PERHUTANAN
SOSIAL
Pengelolaan Hutan
The main factors
explaining the
relationship
between the farming
systems and
deforestation were:
1. years of
residence on the
lot,
2. distance of the
lot to main
market and
3. the amount of
day labor hired.
Effects of urbanization on species richness: A review of plants and
animals
Michael L. McKinney. Urban Ecosyst (2008) 11:161–176
Biodiversitas
Urbanization can
increase or
decrease species
richness,
depending on
several variables.
Some of these
variables include:
taxonomic group,
spatial
scale of analysis,
and intensity of
urbanization.
EKOSISTEM
PERKOTAAN
Urbanisasi .
Species
richness
tends to be
reduced in
areas with
extreme
urbanization
(i.e.,
central urban
core areas).
A Spatial Analysis of Phosphorus in the Mississippi River Basin
Linda M. Jacobson, Mark B. David and Laurie E. Drinkwater. JEQ Vol. 40 No. 3, p. 931-941. 2011
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) in rivers in the Mississippi River basin (MRB) contributes to hypoxia in the Gulf
of Mexico and impairs local water quality.
We analyzed the spatial pattern of P in the MRB to determine the counties with the greatest
January to June P riverine yields and the most critical factors related to this P loss. Using a
database of P inputs and landscape characteristics from 1997 through 2006 for each county in
the MRB, we created regression models relating riverine total P (TP), dissolved reactive P (DRP),
and particulate P (PP) yields for watersheds within the MRB to these factors. Riverine yields of P
were estimated from the average concentration of each form of P during January to June for the
10-yr period, multiplied by the average daily flow, and then summed for the 6-mo period.
The fraction of land planted in crops, human consumption of P, and precipitation were found to
best predict TP yields with a spatial error regression model (R 2 = 0.48, n = 101). Dissolved
reactive P yields were predicted by fertilizer P inputs, human consumption of P, and
precipitation in a multiple regression model (R 2 = 0.42, n = 73), whereas PP yields were
explained by crop fraction, human consumption of P, and soil bulk density in a spatial error
regression model (R 2 = 0.49, n = 61). Overall, the Upper Midwest's Cornbelt region and lower
Mississippi basin had the counties with the greatest P yields.
These results help to point out specific areas where agricultural conservation practices that
reduce losses to streams and rivers and point source P removal might limit the intensity or
spatial occurrence of Gulf of Mexico hypoxia and improve local water quality.
. Trends
and Transformation of Nutrients and Pesticides in a Coastal Plain
Aquifer System, United States
Judith M. Denver , Anthony J. Tesoriero and Jeffrey R. Barbaro. JEQ Vol. 39 No. 1, p. 154-167 2010
Abstract
Four local-scale sites in areas with similar corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
agriculture were studied to determine the effects of different hydrogeologic settings of the Northern
Atlantic Coastal Plain (NACP) on the transport of nutrients and pesticides in groundwater.
Settings ranged from predominantly well-drained soils overlying thick, sandy surficial aquifers to
predominantly poorly drained soils with complex aquifer stratigraphy and high organic matter
content. Apparent age of groundwater, dissolved gases, N isotopes, major ions, selected pesticides
and degradates, and geochemical environments in groundwater were studied.
Agricultural chemicals were the source of most dissolved ions in groundwater. Specific
conductance was strongly correlated with reconstructed nitrate (the sum of N in nitrate and N gas)
(R 2 = 0.81, p < 0.0001), and is indicative of the relative degree of agricultural effects on groundwater.
Trends in nitrate were primarily related to changes in manure and fertilizer use at the well-drained
sites where aquifer conditions were consistently oxic. Nitrate was present in young groundwater but
completely removed over time through denitrification at the poorly drained sites where there were
variations in chemical input and in geochemical environment. Median concentrations of atrazine (6chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide), and some of their common degradates were
higher at well-drained sites than at poorly drained sites, with concentrations of degradates generally
higher than those of the parent compounds at all sites.
An increase in the percentage of deethylatrazine to total atrazine over time at one well-drained site
may be related to changes in manure application.
Potential for the environmental impact of transgenic crops
Philip J. Dale, Belinda Clarke & Eliana M.G. Fontes. Nature Biotechnology 20, 567 - 574 (2002)
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in how changes in agricultural
practice associated with the introduction of particular genetically modified (GM) crops
might indirectly impact the environment. There is also interest in any effects that might
be associated with recombinant and novel combinations of DNA passing into the
environment, and the possibility that they may be taken up by microorganisms or other
live biological material.
From the current state of knowledge, the impact of free DNA of transgenic origin is likely
to be negligible compared with the large amount of total free DNA.
We can find no compelling scientific arguments to demonstrate that GM crops are
innately different from non-GM crops. The kinds of potential impacts of GM crops fall into
classes familiar from the cultivation of non-GM crops (e.g., invasiveness, weediness,
toxicity, or biodiversity).
It is likely, however, that the novelty of some of the products of GM crop improvement
will present new challenges and perhaps opportunities to manage particular crops in
creative ways.
The environmental impact of cities
Peter Newman. Environment and Urbanization October 2006 vol. 18 no. 2 275-295
Abstract
Cities are growing inexorably, causing many to think that inevitably their environmental
impact will worsen.
In this paper, three approaches to understanding the environmental impact of cities are
analyzed, namely population impact, Ecological Footprint and sustainability
assessment.
Although the population impact model provides some perspective on local impact, and
the Ecological Footprint model on global impact, only the sustainability assessment
approach allows us to see the positive benefits of urban growth and provides policy
options that can help cities reduce their local and global impact while improving their
live-ability and opportunity, which continue to drive their growth.
This approach is then applied in the city of Sydney.
Health effects of ambient air pollution – recent research
development and contemporary methodological challenges
Cizao Ren and Shilu Tong. Environmental Health 2008, 7:56
.
Abstract
Exposure to high levels of air pollution can cause a variety of adverse health
outcomes. Air quality in developed countries has been generally improved over
the last three decades. However, many recent epidemiological studies have
consistently shown positive associations between low-level exposure to air
pollution and health outcomes. Thus, adverse health effects of air pollution,
even at relatively low levels, remain a public concern.
This paper aims to provide an overview of recent research development and
contemporary methodological challenges in this field and to identify future
research directions for air pollution epidemiological studies.
Health effects of outdoor air pollution
Approach to counseling patients using the Air Quality Health Index
Alan Abelsohn. Canadian Family Physician August 2011 vol. 57 no. 8 881-887 .
Abstract
To inform family physicians about the health effects of air pollution and to provide an approach to
counseling vulnerable patients in order to reduce exposure.
MEDLINE was searched using terms relevant to air pollution and its adverse effects. We reviewed
English-language articles published from January 2008 to December 2009. Most studies provided
level II evidence.
Outdoor air pollution causes substantial morbidity and mortality in Canada. It can affect both the
respiratory system (exacerbating asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and the
cardiovascular system (triggering arrhythmias, cardiac failure, and stroke). The Air Quality Health
Index (AQHI) is a new communication tool developed by Health Canada and Environment Canada
that indicates the level of health risk from air pollution on a scale of 1 to 10. The AQHI is widely
reported in the media, and the tool might be of use to family physicians in counseling high-risk
patients (such as those with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or cardiac failure) to
reduce exposure to outdoor air pollution.
Family physicians can use the AQHI and its health messages to teach patients with asthma and
other high-risk patients how to reduce health risks from air pollution.
Effects of individual trees on the solar radiation climate of small
buildings
Gordon M. Heisler. Urban Ecology. Volume 9, Issues 3–4.. 1986. Pages 337-359
Teori
Fotosintesis.
The
significance
of the
irradiance
reductions
for building
radiation
climate
URBAN ECOLOGY
Neraca Energi Pohon:
Ekologi Pohon
A taller tree with
a longer clear
bole on the
south produced
more favorable
ratios of cooling
season to
heating season
insolation
reductions than
the tree with the
short clear bole
on the south.
Urban vegetation impacts on the hydrology of Dayton, Ohio
Ralph A. Sanders. Urban Ecology. Volume 9, Issues 3–4. 1986. Pages 361-376
Analisis Vegetasi
The specific
role of
vegetation in
lessening
urban impacts
on runoff
URBAN HYDROLOGY
Plant - Soil – water
relationship.
The existing tree
canopies alone
work to lower
potential runoff
by about 7%.
This could be
increased to
nearly 12% by
modestly
increasing
canopy coverage
of the land
surface.
Land use change and its effects on the value of ecosystem services along the
coast of the Gulf of Mexico
Ecological Economics. 2012. Vol. 82. No.1. Pages 23-32
G. Mendoza-González, M.L. Martínez, D. Lithgow, O. Pérez-Maqueo, P. Simonin
Ecosystem Services.
to analyze land
use changes and
calculate the
value of these
changes in terms
of lost
ecosystem
services.
Valuasi ekologiekonomi
Landuse changes.
Land Conversion
Land use change
may seem
economically
profitable.
However, after losing
ecosystem services,
the apparent gains
from urban
development are
lost.
Land use and policy
making should
consider ecosystem
service losses so
that ecosystems are
preserved and
society benefited..
Factors affecting women's participation in forestry in Turkey
Ecological Economics. 2007. Volume 60, Issue 4, Pages 787-796
Erdoğan Atmiş, İsmet Daşdemir, Wietze Lise, Ömür Yıldıran
Teori Partisipasi.
Studi ini
menganalisis
partisipasi
perempuan
dalam
kehutanan
PERANAN GENDER
Perhutanan Sosial.
The estimated game
theoretic model on
women's participation
indicates that the
sharing of forest
benefits among
women in Turkey is
considerably
harmonious, while
there is scope for
improving the Forest
Organisation, namely
by stimulating
participation towards
a more effective
management of the
Turkish forests..
Willingness to pay for forest amenities: The case of non-industrial owners in the
south central United States
Ecological Economics. 2006. Volume 56, Issue 1. Pages 132-143. Ronald Raunikar, Joseph Buongiorno
Ekologi Hutan
Kita
menganalisis
WTP (willingness
to pay) untuk
nilai non-kayu
(NTV) oleh
pengusaha
suasta hutan
non-industri
(NIPF) pada
hutan campuran
di USA selatan
VALUASI EKONOMI
Management Hutan.
Many NIPF owners
maintain a more
diverse and natural
stand structure than
that of a more
profitable even-aged
industrial plantation.
The average NIPF
owner was willing to
forego 60% of the
timber profit for the
NTV of their more
natural stands
compared to a less
diverse industrially
managed even-aged
plantation.
Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Wastewater Treatment and Water Reclamation
Plants in Southern California
Amy Townsend-Small, Diane E. Pataki, Linda Y. Tseng, Cheng-Yao Tsai and Diego Rosso.
JEQ Vol. 40 No. 5, p. 1542-1550
Mikrobiologi
Lingkungan.
Nitrous oxide
(N2O) is a longlived and potent
greenhouse gas
produced during
microbial
nitrification and
denitrification.
This treatment a
potentially large
source of N2O in
urban areas.
Pengolahan Limbah Cair…..
Kimia Lingkungan.
Our results
suggest that
wastewater
treatment that
includes
biological
nitrogen removal
can significantly
increase urban
N2O emissions..
Nitrate Leaching from Nitrogen-Fertilized and Manured Corn Measured with Zero-Tension
Pan Lysimeters
John M. Jemison and Richard H. Fox
JEQ. Vol. 23 No. 2, p. 337-343
Teknologi aplikasi
pupuk.
Excessive N
fertilization
increases the
potential for nitrate
(NO−3) leaching,
but no research
has evaluated NO−3
leaching from corn
(Zea mays L.)
receiving
economic optimum
N rates (EON).
Pencucian unsur hara pupuk dari
lahan…..
Agrohidrologi.
In the nonmanured corn,
the 3-yr average amount
of NO3-N leached was
107 kg ha−1 or 36% of the
N applied at EON.
Total mass of NO3-N in
the 1.2-m soil profile
following harvest was
useful to predict annual
flow-weighted average
leachate NO3-N
concentrations, but this
is not practical in most
soils of the Northeast..
Phytostabilization of iron ore tailings through Calophyllum inophyllum L.
Nilima Chaturvedi, N K Dhal, Palli Sita Rama Reddy
International Journal of Phytoremediation 12/2012; 14(10):996-1009.
The phytostabilization
of waste material
generated during
mining and processing
of iron ore through
Calophyllum
inophyllum L. have
been investigated.
Iron ore tailings and its
varying composition
with garden soil were
taken to study plant
growth, chlorophyll
content and metal
uptake pattern of
Calophyllum
inophyllum L..
Nutrients Root
absorption
Fitoremediasi Air Limbah…..
Metal reactions in
aquatic environment.
Removal of more
than 30% of the most
of the heavy metal
like Fe, Pb, and Cu &
Zn has been
observed in all the
treatments during
one year of
observation.
The overall study
clearly suggests that
the plant can be
used as an efficient
tool for restoration of
mining wastes and
other similarly
contaminated sites. .
Phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated soil by Pteris vittata L.
I. Influence of phosphatic fertilizers and repeated harvests.
Asit Mandal, T J Purakayastha, A K Patra, S K Sanyal
International journal of phytoremediation. 14(10):978-95.
A greenhouse
experiment was
conducted to
evaluate the
effectiveness of
diammonium
phosphate (DAP),
single
superphosphate
(SSP) and two
growing cycles on
arsenic removal by
Chinese Brake Fern
(Pteris vittata L.)
from an arsenic
contaminated Typic
Haplustept of the
Indian state of West
Bengal..
Pemupukan fosfat.
Fitoremediasi tanah yang
tercemar…..
Penyerapan hara oleh
akar tumbuhan.
Two successive
harvests with DAP
as the phosphate
fertilizer emerged
as the promising
management
strategy for
amelioration of
arsenic
contaminated soil
of West Bengal
through
phyotoextraction
by P. vittata..
International Journal of Social Forestry (IJSF), 2010, 3(2):81-100.
STATUS OF JOINT FOREST MANAGEMENT IN INDIA: SOCIO-ECONOMIC
DETERMINANTS OF FOREST PARTICIPATION IN A DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION SETTING
Soumyendra Kishore Datta and Krishanu Sarkar
Perlindungan
sumberdaya hutan
mensyaratkan
partisipasi aktif
masyarakat sekitar
hutan.
Partisipasi aktif
dalam aktivitas
konservasi hutan
memerlukan
komitmen dan
motivasi masyarakat
di sekitar dan di
dalam hutan.
Teori Motivasi dan
Partisipasi Sosial
PERHUTANAN
SOSIAL
Ekonomi Sumberdaya
Hutan.
Grant of permanent
tenurial right to forest
dependent people,
mitigating the fear of
eviction,
extension of various
support facilities and
ensuring a cohesive
trust between forest
department and forest
protection committees
seem most urgent for
ensuring meaningful
participation.
Corporate social responsibility and corporate governance in Italian SMEs:
towards a 'territorial' model based on small 'champions' of CSR?
Mara Del Baldo. International Journal of Sustainable Society. 2010 Vol. 2 No. 3. p 215-247
Adakah hubungan
positif antara
budaya tanggungjawab sosial dg
sistem tata-kelola
yang ada?
Seberapa besar
signifikansi
korelasi tersebut
pada UKM dan
usaha sekala besar
?.
Tata-kelola Usaha
TANGGUNG-JAWAB SOSIAL
KORPORASI
Sustainable BUSINESS
FIRM.
The concluding
reflections trace
the features of a
territorial model of
socially
responsible
orientation centred
on the best
practices of SMEs,
'convivial
enterprises' who
are excellent
examples of
'spirited
businesses‘.
Designing Environmental Management System for promoting sustainable
consumption
Shirish Sangle . Int. J. of Sustainable Society, 2008 Vol.1, No.1, pp.29 - 43
Ide tentang konsumsilestari telah menjadi
isu global.
Sejaklan dnegan upaya
pemerintah untuk
mmenerapkan ide ini,
diperlukan peran-serta
industri dalam
menciptakan pola-pola
konsumsi yang lebih
lestari.
Pendekatan untuk
mengelola isu-isu
kelestarian telah
menjadi konstruksi
dalam “Environmental
Management System
(EMS)” berbasis
standar ISO 14001.
Produksi Bersih
SISTEM PENGELOLAAN
LINGKUNGAN
Sustainable
consumption.
The implications of
this model for
structuring salient
elements of EMS are
then discussed.
The audit would
measure the extent
to which an
organisation has a
management
system competent
to make
consumption
pattern more
sustainable..
Conditional eco-efficiency measure from the perspective of
pollution emission firms
Feng Yang, Sheng Ang, Liang Liang, Dujun Zhai. Int. J. of Sustainable Society, 2011 Vol.3, No.3,
pp.276 - 291
Penerapan
eko-efisiensi
menghadapi
kendala
sasaran profit
dan polusi
dari perspektif
emisi polusi
perusahaan.
Green Industry
ECO-EFFICIENCY
Manajemen
Perusahaan
Different from the
previous eco-efficiency
measures, our
technique admits the
selfish motives of
pollution emission
firms which have little
motivation to minimise
the pollution emission.
As a result, the current
approach can be
accepted by pollution
emission firms for
providing feasible
strategies in
performance
improvement..
Atmospheric Pollution as a Global Policy Problem
Tapani Vaahtoranta. Journal of Peace Research May 1990 vol. 27 no. 2 169-176
Polusi udara telah
menjadi
permasalahan
global,
pengendaliannya
mensyaratkan
adanya kolaborasi
banyak negara.
Kerjasama
terkendala oleh fakta
bahwa negaranegara di dunia tidak
mengalami dampak
yang sama dan minat
perlindungan
lingkungannya juga
beragam
DAMPAK GLOBAL
POLUSI UDARA
PENGELOLAAN
LINGKUNGAN GLOBAL
Kerjasama internasional.
Three changes in
particular
contributed to the
emergence of
atmospheric
pollution controls:
1. the imperatives
of ecological
interdependence,
2. technological
developments,
and
3. growing public
pressure on
policy-makers. .
Traffic air pollution and mortality from cardiovascular disease and
all causes: a Danish cohort study
Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Steen Solvang Jensen, Matthias Ketzel, Mette Sørensen, Johnni
Hansen, Steffen Loft, Anne Tjønneland and Kim Overvad . Environmental Health 2012, 11:60
Polusi udara kota
akibat lalu-lintas
jalan raya telah
dihubungkan dg
“cardiovascular
mortality”, yang
diduga diakibatkan
oleh paparan
polusi udara dan
biring lalu-lintas.
Karakter personal
dan gaya hidup
diduga
mempengaruhi
hubungan tersebut
Polusi lalu-lintas jalan
raya
KESEHATAN
LINGKUNGAN
Epidemiologi: Analisis
regresi
Traffic air pollution
is associated with
mortality from
cardiovascular
diseases and all
causes, after
adjustment for
traffic noise.
The association was
strongest for people
with a low fruit and
vegetable intake. .
Air pollution and infant health: Lessons from New Jersey
Janet Currie , Matthew Neidell, Johannes F. Schmieder
Journal of Health Economics 28 (2009) 688–703
Kita mengkaji
dampak dari tiga
kriteria pencemar
udara terhadap
kesehatan bayi di
New Jersey pada
1990 dengan jalan
mengkombinasikan informasi
tempat tinggal ibu
dan informasi dari
data pemantauan
kualitas udara.
POLUSI Udara Kota
KESEHATAN
LINGKUNGAN
Epidemiologi:
Analisis Multivariate
We find consistently
negative effects of
exposure to carbon
monoxide (CO), both
during and after birth,
with effects
considerably larger for
smokers and older
mothers.
Since automobiles are
the main source of
carbon monoxide
emissions, our results
have important
implications for
regulation of
automobile emissions..
Acid Rain, Air Pollution, and Tree Growth in Southeastern New
York
L. J. Puckett. JEQ Vol. 11 No. 3, p. 376-381
Apakah analisis
dendro-ekologis
dapat digunakan
untuk mendeteksi
perubahan
hubungan
pertumbuhan
pohon dg iklim ,
sebagai akibat dari
paparan kronis
terhadap
komponenkomponen hujan
asam dan polusi
udara.
Ekologi Pohon.
HUTAN KOTA
Hujan asam
Temporally, the shift in
growth response
appears to correspond
with the suspected
increase in acid rain
and air pollution.
This change could be
the result of
physiological stress
induced by
components of the
acid rain-air pollution
complex, causing
climatic conditions to
be more limiting to
tree growth..
Field Testing Soybeans for Residual Effects of Air Pollution and Seed Size on Crop Yield
R. K. Howell, L. P. Rose and R. C. Leffel
JEQ. Vol. 9 No. 1, p. 66-68
Mean seed weights
(g/100 seeds) for
four soybean
[Glycine max (L.)
Merr.], cultivass
grown in 1973 and
1974 in cylindrical
open-top field
chambers that
provided carbonfiltered air were
significantly greater
than from plants
grown in nonfiltered
air in chambers, or
in conventional
plots without
chambers.
Pencemaran udara.
The experiment was designed as a
split-split plot with six
replications.…..
Fisiologi tanaman.
Differences in seed
size observed for
different air qualities
did not significantly
affect yields. In
general, there was
no significant yield
advantage for plants
grown from a
selected seed size as
compared with the
original lot seed..
Emissions and Energy Conservation in Residentdal Oil Heating
A.C.S. Hayden, R.W. Braaten & T.D. Brown
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association . Volume 28, Issue 7, 1978
Emisi dari
pembakaran minyak
pada peralatan
pemanas di
permukiman dapat
dikurangi dengan
jalan memperbaiki
efisiensi siklis dan
“steady running”.
Teknik-teknik yang
mereduksi kebutuhan
pemanasan
(thermostat cut-back)
atau mereduksi
kehilangan panas
dapat mereduksi emisi
SO2 dan NO
sebanding dengan
hemat bahan bakar.
Rekayasa Instrumen
pemanasan
KONSERVASI
ENERGI
Teori pembakaran.
Improved burner
performance, with
combustion at low
excess air, offers
the largest fuel
savings, with
commensurate
reductions in SO2
and NO, and
greater reductions
in CO and
particulates..
Indoor/Outdoor Air Pollution Exposure Continuity Relationships
Marc Halpern
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association . Volume 28, Issue 7, 1978 . pages 689-691
Hubungan
kontinyuitas
pencemaran udara
indoor-outdoor
dikaji untuk
menemukan
parameter
utamanya.
Hipotesis
keseimbangan
homeostatis antara
pencemar indoor
dan outdoor diuji
dg menggunakan
indeks kontaminan
partikulat Pb.
Kualitas Udara
Indoor & outdoor
PENCEMARAN
UDARA
Dinamika partikulat dalam
udara ambient.
The results of this
study demonstrate
the importance of
considering
parameters other
than outdoor
pollutant levels in
determining indoor
air quality.
The effect of tree shade and grass on surface and globe temperatures in an urban area
D. Armson, P. Stringer, A.R. Ennos.
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2012 Volume 11, Issue 3. Pages 245-255
The process of
urbanisation alters
the thermal balance
of an area resulting
in an urban heat
island effect where
cities can be several
degrees centigrade
warmer than the
surrounding rural
landscape. This
increased heat can
make cities
uncomfortable
places and, during
heat waves, can
pose serious health
risks.
Solar Radiation
budget.
The role of trees and grass in
reducing regional and local
temperatures in urban areas . …..
Ekofisiologi tumbuhan.
Grasses and trees can
effectively cool
surfaces and so can
provide regional
cooling, helping
reduce the urban heat
island in hot weather.
Grasses has little
effect upon local air or
globe temperatures,
so should have little
effect on human
comfort, whereas tree
shade can provide
effective local
cooling..
Analysing recreational values and management effects in an urban forest with
the visitor-employed photography method
Erik Heyman
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2012. Volume 11, Issue 3. Pages 267-277
Pengelolaan hutan
kota memerlukan
“trade-offs” antara
konservasi
biodiversitas dengan
promosi nilai-nilai
wisata-kota.
Kajian preferensi
membuktikan bahwa
masyarakat lebih
menyenangi hutankota semi-terbuka
dnegan sedikit
tumbuhan-bawah
dibandingkan dngan
hutan-kota yang
masif dengan
tumbuhan bawah
yang rapat.
Analisis citra dan
Fotografi.
MANAJEMEN HUTAN
KOTA
Analisis Kenyamanan
Lingkungan
This study has shown
that the visitor
employed
photography method
can be used as a
quantitative method to
evaluate perceptions
about forest
vegetation and
management in urban
woodlands, and could
serve as a valuable
complement to
conventional methods
in preference
research.
Perceptions of parks and urban derelict land by landscape planners and
residents
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2012. Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 303-312
Mathias Hofmann, Janneke R. Westermann, Ingo Kowarik, Elke van der Meer
Teori persepsi dan
preferensi kONSUMEN
Persepsi
masyarakat dan
pelaku usaha
belum
diintegrasikan
dalam proses
perencanaan
kota
PERENCANAAN
KOTA
Valuasi jasa-jasa
lingkungan.
Perencanaan RTH
kota berbasis
persepsi
masyarakat dan
kualitas lahan dan
lingkungan.
Attitude and willingness toward participation in decision-making of
urban green spaces in China
Xi-Zhang Shan
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2012. Volume 11, Issue 2. Pages 211-217
Urban green spaces
serve a variety of
residents with
various perceptions,
preferences and
demands.
Their effective
governance and
precision provision
increasingly require
public input.
Due to the unique
political regime,
public decisionmaking in China has
long been controlled
by governments with
the public neglected..
Analisis Persepsi,
sikap dan perilaku .
Perilaku Konsumen
Analisis pengambilan
keputusan publik
The positive attitudes
and strong willingness
toward participation
despite socioeconomic
variations, fitting into a
global trend of
increasing civic
consciousness and
strengthening the
theoretical base of public
participation.
This positive findings lay
a sound social
foundation for the
participatory decisionmaking in decisionmaking of urban green
spaces..
An ecological quantification of the relationships between water, sanitation and
infant, child, and maternal mortality
June J Cheng, Corinne J Schuster-Wallace, Susan Watt, Bruce K Newbold and Andrew Mente
Environmental Health 2012, 11:4
Akses air bersih
dan sanitasi
berhubungan erat
dnegan
kesehatan ibu ,
anak dan
kelahiran.
Seberapa jauh
upaya perbaikan
akses air bersih
dan sanitasi
mempengaruhi
mortalitas ibu,
anak dan bayi ? .
Kesehatan Ibu &
Anak.
KESEHATAN
LINGKUNGAN
Ekologi Kuantitatif
Our analyses suggest
that access to water and
sanitation independently
contribute to child and
maternal mortality
outcomes.
If the world is to
seriously address the
Millennium Development
Goals of reducing child
and maternal mortality,
then improved water and
sanitation accesses are
key strategies. .
. KUALITAS
UDARA DALAM RUANG PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS ”X” DITINJAU DARI
KUALITAS BIOLOGI, FISIK, DAN KIMIAWI
Laila Fitria, Ririn Arminsih Wulandari, Ema Hermawati, Dewi Susanna
MAKARA, KESEHATAN, VOL. 12, NO. 2, DESEMBER 2008: 76-82
Abstrak
Salah satu ruangan yang berpotensi tinggi untuk mengalami masalah polusi udara dalam ruang
adalah ruang perpustakaan. Di antara berbagai polutan yang memiliki peran penting terhadap
kesehatan adalah terdapatnya kapang di dalam udara ruangan. Gangguan kesehatan akibat
kapang di dalam ruangan perpustakaan dapat dialami oleh orang-orang yang beraktivitas di
dalam perpustakaan, misalnya petugas perpustakaan, dosen, dan mahasiswa.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan identifikasi terhadap kapang di dalam udara ruang
perpustakaan di tiga fakultas (FA, FB, dan FC) di lingkungan Universitas “X”.
Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi
keberadaan kapang, serta kualitas fisik dan kimiawi udara dalam ruang.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu udara dalam ruang di ketiga perpustakaan berada di
atas standar peraturan. Intensitas cahaya sangat rendah di perpustakaan FB dan FC, sementara
konsentrasi debu di perpustakaan FA sangat tinggi. Di perpustakaan FA ditemukan kapang
pathogen, yaitu Aspergillus fumigatus, sementara di perpustakaan FB ditemukan
Scopulariopsis candida, dan Fusarium verticilloides di perpustakaan FC.
Secara umum, kualitas fisik, kimiawi, dan mikrobiologi udara dalam ruang di ketiga
perpustakaan telah melebihi ambang batas.
. TINGKAT KEBISINGAN PADA PERUMAHAN DI PERKOTAAN
Moch Fathoni Setiawan. Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan. Vol 12, No 2 (2010)
Abstract
Permasalahan yang saat ini menjadi isu di lingkungan perumahan adalah peningkatan
pencemaran udara dan kebisingan. Sumber kebisingan yang dominan di lingkungan
perumahan adalah berasal dari lalulintas kendaraan bermotor. Jumlah kendaraan bermotor di
Indonesia semakin tahun semakin meningkat, akibatnya lingkungan perumahan di Perkotaan
menjadi bising. Kebisingan sendiri terkait dengan kepadatan lalulintas.
Kondisi ini ditambah dengan penyediaan sarana jalan yang tidak memadai menjadikan
lingkungan perumahan menjadi jalan pintas dari dan ke jalan umum. Hal ini semakin menimbulkan
kebisingan di lingkungan perumahan.
Penelitian yang dilakukan di Kota Yogyakarta dan DKI Jakarta memperlihatkan bahwa tingkat
kebisingan yang terjadi di lingkungan perumahan telah berada diatas ambang baku mutu yang
disyaratkan. Kebisingan yang terjadi di lingkungan perumahan sudah saatnya memerlukan
penanganan yang serius, mengingat pengaruh buruk dari kebisingan terhadap kesehatan
manusia pada akhirnya akan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup masyarakat. Berbagai penanganan
kebisingan telah banyak dilakukan terutama terkait pada 3 (tiga) hal, yaitu pada sumber suara,
media suara dan penerima. Penanganan secara arsitektural lebih tepat ditujukan pada penanganan
media perambatan suara. Pengolahan ‘jalan’ bunyi yang dalam hal ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi
kebisingan yang diterima oleh penerima dapat dilakukan dengan cara: Pertama, memperpanjang
jalannya media perambatan dengan cara menjauhkan antara sumber suara dengan penerimanya.
Ke dua, memberi penghalang antara sumber dengan penerima, penghalang dapat berupa dinding
penghalang, barier tanaman, maupun fasa di bangunan itu sendiri. Penanganan secara non
Arsitektural dapat dilakukan dengan cara membuat kendaraan bermotor yang lewat lingkungan
perumahan menurunkan kecepatannya sampai kurang lebih 20 km/jam.
Rancang Bangun Alat Pengukur Konsentrasi Gas Karbon Monoksida(CO) Menggunakan
Sensor Gas MQ-135 Berbasis Mikrokontroller Dengan Komunikasi Serial USART
Elly Indahwati, Nurhayati
Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol 1, No 1 (2012).
Abstract
Karbon monoksida (CO) merupakan salah satu zat polusi udara yang bersifat racun dan dihasilkan dari sektor
transportasi dan industri. Sensor gas MQ-135 memiliki kepekaan yang relatif tinggi, low cost dan relatif lebih tahan
lama dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam pengukuran polusi udara.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat rancang bangun alat pengukur konsentrasi gas Karbon
Monoksida (CO) menggunakan sensor gas MQ-135 berbasis Mikrokontroler dengan komunikasi serial USART dan
untuk mengetahui output pengukuran berdasarkan regresi jika dibandingkan dengan alat ukur standar ECOM
J2KN.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah membuat hasil rancangan alat rancang bangun alat pengukur
konsentrasi gas karbon monoksida (CO) dengan mikrokontroler ATMega32, sensor gas MQ-135, IC MAX 232, serta
konektor DB9. Sumber tegangan yang digunakan 18 V kemudian difilter oleh LM7805 menjadi 5 V untuk tegangan
referensi ADC mikrokontroler. Sedangkan tampilan hasil pengukuran ditampilkan dengan menggunakan LCD dan
Interface pada Laptop dengan program visual basic 6.0 . Analisis data digunakan uji regresi. Penelitian dilakukan
menggunakan bahan penghasil asap yang bersumber dari kertas yang dibakar kemudian diukur kadar CO-nya dan
dikalibrasi menggunakan , ECOM J2KN.
Dari hasil penelitian dan berdasarkan hasil uji regresi diperoleh koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,949. Hal ini
berarti bahwa terdapat faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil konsentrasi gas CO selain resistansi sensor sebesar 5,1%.
Faktor tersebut antara lain suhu gas, kelembaban gas, dan tekanan gas. Komunikasi serial yang dipakai adalah
jenis serial USART dengan mode Asynchronous data dengan baud rate 9600.
Kata kunci: Sensor gas MQ-135, Mikrokontroler, komunikasi serial USART
Bio-processing of solid wastes and secondary resources for metal extraction –
A review
Jae-chun Lee , Banshi Dhar Pandey. Waste Management 32 (2012) 3–18
Abstract
Metal containing wastes/byproducts of various industries, used consumer goods, and
municipal waste are potential pollutants, if not treated properly. They may also be
important secondary resources if processed in eco-friendly manner for secured supply
of contained metals/materials.
Bio-extraction of metals from such resources with microbes such as bacteria, fungi and
archaea is being increasingly explored to meet the twin objectives of resource recycling
and pollution mitigation.
This review focuses on the bioprocessing of solid wastes/byproducts of metallurgical
and manufacturing industries, chemical/petrochemical plants, electroplating and
tanning units, besides sewage sludge and fly ash of municipal incinerators, electronic
wastes (e-wastes/PCBs), used batteries, etc. An assessment has been made to quantify
the wastes generated and its compositions, microbes used, metal leaching efficiency
etc. Processing of certain effluents and wastewaters comprising of metals is also
included in brief.
Future directions of research are highlighted.
Relationships of light environment to stand attributes in a stand of
bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens
Akio Inoue, Haruka Tateishi, Kotaro Sakuta, Kazukiyo Yamamoto, Nobuya Mizoue, Fumiaki
Kitaharad. Ecological Engineering 38 (2012) 135– 139
Abstract
We investigated the relationships between the light environment beneath a forest canopy and
stand attributes, i.e., culm density and total basal area, in a stand of bamboo, Phyllostachys
pubescens. Mazel exHouz. based on a thinning experiment.
A 15 m × 15 m plot was established in the stand and 10 successive thinning regimes were
performed, so that thinning ratio by the number of culm for each thinning was approximately
5%. The digital hemispherical photographs were taken before and after each thinning, and
the sky factor was computed as a measure of light environment from the photographs.
The light environment became brighter and homogeneous as the thinning regimes
progressed. The culm density was a good predictor of the light environment, and the
relationship between sky factor and culm density could be well expressed by an exponential
equation. Because of the larger culm sizes and total leaf area, the change in light
environment with thinning was more sensitive in the P. pubescens stand than Phyllostachys
bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. stands examined in previous studies.
This suggested that species characteristics should be carefully considered when elaborating
culm density control for Improving light environment in bamboo stands.