The Later Middle Ages
Europe: Rule, Religion, and Conflict
The Crusades
7.6.6
The Big Idea
The Christian and Muslim cultures fought
over holy sites during a series of medieval
wars called the Crusades.
The Crusades
 Palestine and Jerusalem fell
into the hands of Turkish
Muslims during the Middle
Ages.
Yeah
baby
The Crusades
 The Turks attacked Christian pilgrims in the
Holy Land and made it dangerous to travel.
 The Turks began to raid the Byzantine Empire in
the East, so their pope called on the Roman
Catholic Church for help.
The Crusades
 Main Idea 1:

The pope called on Crusaders to invade and
retake the Holy Land in 1095 A.D.
We
We
wants
needs
it.it.
Must
have
the
precious.
The Crusades
•The Crusades
were a long series
of wars between
Christians and
Muslims in the
Middle East.
The Crusades
• The wars were fought over control of Palestine.
• Palestine was considered
the Holy Land, because it
was the region where
Jesus had lived, preached,
and died.
The First Crusade
 Five thousand men
came to fight and sewed
crosses on their clothing
to show that they were
fighting for God.

The word crusade
comes from the Latin for
“marked with a cross.”
The First Crusade
 On the way to the Holy Land, the crusaders
attacked Jews in Germany, blaming them
for the death of Jesus.
The First Crusade
 Before the Crusaders reached the Holy
Land, the Turks killed most of the untrained
and ill-equipped Christian peasants.
The First Crusade
 The nobles and knights moved on and defeated
the disorganized Muslim army at Jerusalem.
 The crusaders set up four small kingdoms in the
Holy Land and began trading with Europe. The
rulers of these kingdoms created a lord and vassal
system like they had known at home.
After the 1st Crusade
 After a period of peace
in which Christians and
Muslims co-existed in
the Holy Land, Muslim
forces captured Edessa
and later defeated the
Crusaders at
Damascus.
After the 1st Crusades
 The Christians were unable to keep the
Muslims from taking back land that had
been won in the First Crusades.
Later Crusades
 Main Idea 2:
 Despite
some initial success the later
Crusades failed.
Later Crusades
 In 1187,Saladin recaptured Jerusalem.

Saladin was the Muslim Sultan of Egypt and
a fierce warrior
Saladin (Salah al-Din)
Later Crusades
 Another crusade was
called by the Pope.


The Crusade was led
mainly by Richard I of
England (Richard the
Lionheart)
Richard recaptured a few
territories in Palestine, but
he was unable to reclaim
Jerusalem
Later Crusades
 The Third Crusade came to end with a peace
treaty between Saladin and Richard I.

The agreement kept Jerusalem in Muslim hands,
but it allowed Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem
in peace.
Later Crusades
 Europeans launched
more Crusades, but
they were not
successful.
 By 1291 the Muslim
armies had taken
back all of the Holy
Land, and the
Crusades had ended.
Why the Crusaders Failed
 The Crusaders…



had to travel far, and
many died along the way.
weren’t prepared to fight in
the desert climate.
were outnumbered and
had poor leadership.
Effects of the Crusades
• Main Idea 3
•The Crusades changed Europe forever.
Effects of the Crusades
 Although the Crusades were a failure, they
brought many lasting changes to Europe.
Effects of the Crusades
 Trade between Europe and Asia grew.
 Muslim ideas were brought to Europe.
 Some kings and nobles increased their
power because others had died in the
Crusades.
Effects of the Crusades
 Due to the killings of the Jews, there was
distrust between some Christians and Jews.

Many Jews faced persecution and segregation
during the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd Crusades
Effects of the Crusades
 In general, the Crusaders saw Muslims as
unbelievers who threatened innocent
Christians.

Muslims viewed the Crusaders as vicious
invaders.