Chapter 1 Overview: Many Cultures Meet
SSUSH1: The student will describe European
settlement in North America during
the 17th century.
Chapter 2 Overview: European Establish Colonies
SSUSH1a: Explain Virginia’s development; include the Virginia
Company, tobacco cultivation, relationships with
Native Americans such as Powhatan, development of
the House of Burgesses, Bacon’s Rebellion, and the
development of slavery.
SSUSH1d. Explain the reasons for French settlement of Quebec.
Ch. 1 and Ch. 2 section 1-3
1. By the 1700s, three European nations made claim to the land in North
America. Name them.
A. France, Austria, and Italy
B. England, France, and Spain
C. Portugal, Spain, and England
B. England, France, and Spain
D. Russia, Spain, and England
2. What was possibly the first crop grown by Native Americans?
A. Coffee
C. Corn
B. Wheat
D. Bananas
C. Corn
3. Early Native American civilizations left evidence of a dominant
culture in Middle and South America. Which civilization was
known for their capital city Tenochtitlan?
A. Maya
C. Olmec
B. Aztec
D. Mississippian
B. Aztec
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
1. In the land that became the U.S., the Spanish inhabited
A. Florida
C. Kansas
B. Texas
D. All of the Above
D. All of the Above
2. The men largely responsible for Spain’s conquest of the new
world were known as
A. Los conquistadors C. Sea dogs
B. Conquest leaders
D. World conquerors
A. Los conquistadors
3. Who led the Spanish march into the Aztec empire in 1519?
A. Hernando Cortes
C. Hernando de Soto
B. Francisco Pizzaro
D. Francisco de Coronado
A. Hernando Cortes
4. What was a reason for French colonization of America?
A. Fur trading
C. Educational organization
B. Religious freedom D. Escape from the plague
A. Fur trading
5. In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec, which became
the capital of the new colony of
A. Nova Scotia
C. Canada
B. Iceland
D. France
D. France
6. The Spanish established a great empire in the New World called
A. New Spain
C. Brazil
B. Peru
D. El Salvador
A. New Spain***
7. These people were of mixed Spanish (European) and Native
American ancestry
A. Mongollons
C. Mullatto
B. Mestizo
D. Conquistadors
B. Mestizo***
8. When the Spanish monarchy abolished this system, Spanish
landlords in New Spain turned to African slaves to meet their
needs of labor
B. Encomienda***
A. Slavery
C. Nativism
B. Encomienda
D. Spanish conquest
Columbian Exchange
Widespread transfer of plants (agricultural goods), animals, and
diseases (microbes) between the Eastern (Europe) and Western
(Americas) Hemispheres that occurred after 1492 around
Columbus’ first voyage and continues today.
SOUTHERN COLONIES
British Southern colonies consisting of
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
The government of the
Southern colonies was
representative
assemblies and the economy
was dependent on a cash
crops such as tobacco (main crop), rice,
and indigo.
Jamestown
First successful English colony in North America founded
in Virginia in 1607.
Three small ships sailed from England to establish a colony in Virginia, arriving in
May 1607. Jamestown became America's first permanent English settlement.
Questions for Review
1. The problem of raising money to settle in the New World led to
English merchant capitalists creating the institution of
A. Mercantilism
C. Primogeniture
B. Headright System
D. Joint-Stock Companies
D. Joint-Stock Companies
2. Which of the following statements is true?
I. Joint-Stock companies were use to fund the English colonies in
America.
II. John Smith was popular among the American colonists.
III. The early settlements of Jamestown had a hard time surviving.
IV. Jamestown was saved by the discovery of Gold.
A. I, II, & III
C. I, III & IV
B. III & IV
D. I & II
A. I, II, & III
3. This crop allowed for the settlers of Jamestown to survive and
thrive in Virginia.
A. Cotton
C. Rice
B. Tobacco
B. Tobacco
D. Maize
4. After 1618, the Virginia Company’s principle means of attracting
new settlers was
B. A system of land grants***
A. Granting religious freedom
B. A system of land grants
C. Payments of passage by other colonists
D. Liberal suffrage requirements
5. In the early years of the Virginia colony, a field laborer was most
likely to be
A. A slave
C. A landlord
B. A Powhatan Indian D. An indentured servant
D. An indentured servant***
6. Which of the following occurred as a result of Virginia being
made a Royal colony?
A. It became under the direct control of the King.
B. Joint-stock companies became willing to invest into the
colony.
C. Colonists had to pay taxes to the King.
D. The King received 1/5 of the gold and silver found there.
A. It became under the direct control of the King.***
7. Which of the following statements are true?
I. English colonists had relations with Native Americans and
produced mullatoes.
II. English colonists in Jamestown wanted more land to grow
tobacco.
III. English colonists in Virginia did not have generally good
relations with the Native Americans.
IV. Chief Powhatan’s daughter Pocahontas married the English
settler John Rolfe.
A. I & II
C. I, III, & IV
B. I & III
D. II, III, & IV
D. II, III, & IV***
8. In late 1607, the Jamestown colony was short of food, Captain
John Smith began trading with the local Native American group
called the
A. Inuits
C. Croatian
B. Iroquois
D. Powhatan confederacy
D. Powhatan confederacy***
Chapter 2 Overview: European Establish Colonies
Southern, Middle, and New England Colonies
SSUSH1 The student will describe European settlement in North
America during the 17th century.
SSUSH1b. Describe the settlement of New England; include religious
reasons, relations with Native Americans (e.g., King Phillip’s
War), the establishment of town meetings and development
of a legislature, religious tensions that led to colonies such as
Rhode Island, the half-way covenant, Salem Witch Trials,
and the loss of the Massachusetts charter.
SSUSH1c. Explain the development of the mid-Atlantic colonies;
include the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam and
subsequent English takeover, and the settlement of
Pennsylvania.
Chapter 2 section 4 & 5
Why English Settlers Came to America
Land
Freedom of Religion
Freedom of Assembly
New Beginning
New England Colonies
British colonies including
•Massachusetts
•New Hampshire
•Rhode Island
•Connecticut
The goals of the Plymouth and
Massachusetts Bay colony was
to establish communities based
on Puritan beliefs that would be
Both morally and economically
Successful and thereby inspire
the adoption of Puritan reforms in England.
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
Religious dissenters who left Massachusetts
over disagreement with Puritan church leaders
and who played key roles in founding Rhode
Island.
Roger Williams
Anne Hutchinson
1. The name given to the 16th century religious movement that was critical of the
Roman Catholic Church was
A. Counter Reformation
C. Catholic Reformation
B. Protestant Reformation
D. Scientific Revolution
B. Protestant Reformation***
2. The name Puritan came from this group’s desire to
A. Lead pure lives.
B. Build a model and new society.
C. Shelter its members from the influence of outsiders.
D. Remove from the Roman Catholic Church traditions of the Church of
England.
D. Remove from the Roman Catholic Church traditions of the Church of England.***
3. What impact did the old Puritan faith have on New England?
A. It was one of several major religions to develop during colonial New
England.
B. It led to the establishment of New Amsterdam.
C. It defined religion and government in the region.
D. It led to King Philip’s War as an attempt to end religious dissent.
A. It was one of several major religions to develop during colonial New England.
4. This was a civil type of government that pledge loyalty to the King in the
Massachusetts Bay Colony.
A. U.S. Constitution
C. Plymouth Rock
B. Mayflower Compact
D. Bill of Rights
B. Mayflower Compact***
5. Roger Williams, a strict separatist founded the town of
A. Portsmouth, RI
C. Providence, RI
B. Wethersfield, RI
D. Boston, MA
C. Providence, RI***
6. Anne Hutchinson and a few followers settled on an island Rhode Island later
called
A. Boston
C. Philadelphia
B. Providence
D. Portsmouth
D. Portsmouth***
7. This war between the colonists and Native Americans in Connecticut led to
virtual elimination of the Native American group called
A. Wampanoag
C. Pequot
B. Powhatan
D. Pueblos
C. Pequot***
8. The following describe what group of settlers in colonial North
America
· religious dissenters · social conformity
· belief in hard work · New England
C. Puritans
A. Catholics C. Puritans
B. Quakers D. Amish
9. The Mayflower Compact was unique because it
A. was the foundation for the Declaration of Independence.
B. allowed black colonists freedom centuries before emancipation.
C. was the first example of colonial European self-government in
northeastern North America.
C*****
D. established the precedent of freedom of religion in the southern
colonies of North America.
10. In 1636, Roger Williams was expelled from the Massachusetts
Bay Colony, and founded Rhode Island, because he supported
A. women's suffrage.
C. a separation of church and state.
B. the abolition of slavery.
C. a separation of church and state.
D. westward expansion of the colonies.
Middle Colonies
British colonies consisting of
• New York
• New Jersey
• Pennsylvania
• Delaware
The Middle colonies exhibited far
more ethnic and religious diversity.
They also enjoyed peaceful
relations with Native Americans
and depended on trade with
England.
The Middle colonies were more diverse because their
leaders were tolerant.
1. Which of the following regions would have featured the most
diversity during the late 1600s and 1700s?
A. New England
C. Jamestown
B. Mid-Atlantic
D. Southern
B. Mid-Atlantic***
2. What did the Dutch name their major settlement located on
Manhattan Island?
A. New York
C. Pennsylvania
B. North Carolina
D. New Amsterdam
D. New Amsterdam***
3. The Hudson River Valley regions were claimed by the Dutch East
India Company and called
A. Virginia
C. New Netherland
B. Dutch property
D. New York
C. New Netherland***
4. This colony was given to William Penn by King Charles II as a
debt owed to Penn’s father.
A. Connecticut
C. Pennsylvania C. Pennsylvania***
B. Delaware
D. Virginia
5. The terms below are associated with what colonial North American
region?
· religious Quakers
· Catholics tolerance
· flexible social structure
A. New England
C. West Indies
B. Middle Colonies
D. Southern Colonies
B. Middle Colonies
6. The mid-Atlantic colony of Pennsylvania was founded by William
Penn PRIMARILY because of his
A. desire to have a government in which all citizens could
participate.
B. wish to found a logical, well-planned, religiously tolerant
colony.
C. failure to successfully take power in Massachusetts Bay
Colony.
D. loss in the war with the Dutch for control of New
B. wish to found a logical, well-planned, religiously tolerant
Amsterdam.
colony.
7. The cities of New York, Baltimore, and Philadelphia began to
flourish in the late 17th century because of what economic
activity?
A. trading
C. tobacco farming
B. slavery
D. rice farming
A. trading
8. The differences in the economic development of the mid-Atlantic,
New England, and Southern colonies can BEST be attributed to
the
A. customs of the immigrants.
B. geographic conditions there.
C. level of the education of their citizens.
D. differences in their colonial governments.
B. geographic conditions there.
9. What religious group did William Penn belong?
A. Catholics
C. Anglicans
B. Quakers
D. Puritans
B. Quakers
10. Which of these BEST explains the reason for African slaves
being brought into the British colonies in Southern North
America in the 17th century?
A. The economy of Southern colonies needed cheap labor.
B. Northern colonial governments considered slavery immoral.
C. Southern colonies refused to use Indians as forced labor.
D. Industrial factories in the north did not need slave labor.
A. The economy of Southern colonies needed cheap labor.
11. What was the primary similarity of the Plymouth Colony and the
Massachusetts Bay Colony?
A. Both had many hardships.
B. Both received help from a friendly Indian.
C. Both were founded by Christians for religious purposes.
D. Both were very large colonies.
C. Both were founded by Christians for religious purposes.
12. What was the primary reason the English decided to take over New
Netherland?
A. The Dutch threatened English commerce.
B. The English wanted all their colonies to be joined.
C. The English wanted to stop the slave trade.
D. King Charles II wanted the land for his brother.
A. The Dutch threatened English commerce.
13. In the race for colonies in North America what was the main
interest of the Dutch in the 1600s?
A. They wanted to convert the Native Americans to
Protestantism.
B. They wanted colonies that would rival the English and the
French.
C. They wanted only to make money from their trade with
the Native Americans.
D. They wanted to create a colonial system that would
challenge Spain in the New World.
C. They wanted only to make money from their trade with the Native Americans.
Chapter 3: The American Colonies Take Shape
3.1 Immigration and Slavery
SSUSH2 The student will trace the ways that
the economy and society of British North
America developed.
a. Explain the development of mercantilism and
the trans-Atlantic trade.
b. Describe the Middle Passage, growth of African
population, and African-American culture.
Trans-Atlantic (Triangular Trade)
Triangular Trade Route
Trade between three points: Europe, Africa, and
the Americas.
Questions for Review
1. Which of the following colonies MOST LIKELY relied on a
plantation system based economy in the late 1700s?
A. South Carolina
C. Massachusetts
B. Pennsylvania
D. Delaware A. South Carolina
2. Which colonial region was most known for plantations, large
number of slaves, and the production of rice and tobacco?
A. New England
C. Middle
B. Southern
B. Southern
D. Atlantic
3. Which of these BEST explains the reason for African slaves being
brought into the British colonies in Southern North America in
the 17th century?
A. The economy of Southern colonies needed cheap labor.
B. Northern colonial governments considered slavery immoral.
C. Southern colonies refused to use Indians as forced labor.
D. Industrial factories in the north did not need slave labor.
A. The economy of Southern colonies needed cheap labor.
4. In the early 1700s, the size of plantations began to
increase as wealthier planters in Virginia and Maryland
A. switched from indentured servants to slave labor.
B. switched from growing tobacco to growing rice.
C. brought more land from the government.
D. took more land from the Native Americans.
A. switched from indentured servants to slave labor
5. The Triangular trade could be best described as a network
connecting
A. England, Europe, & Asia C. Northern colonies &
Southern colonies
B. England & West Indies
D. New England colonies,
West Indies, & Africa
D. New England colonies, West Indies, & Africa
6. All of the following were reasons why southern planters chose to
use enslaved Africans except:
A. Africans were believed to be well suited to working
in harsh conditions.
B. Slaves produced labor for their entire lifetime.
C. Enslaved Africans were very expensive to purchase. ****
D. Most white colonists thought Black people were
inferior.
7. Which of the following is TRUE regarding African slaves in the
thirteen colonies?
A. African slaves came from common cultures in Africa and
shared the exact same beliefs.
B. African slaves originally spoke different languages had
different religious beliefs, and were familiar with different
traditions. ****
C. African slaves lacked any cultural background and
immediately tended to fully accept the Christian beliefs and
English language of their masters.
8. Which of the following statements most accurately
describes African Americans in the English colonies?
A. All Africans who lived in the colonies were slaves.
B. Black slaves actually outnumber whites in certain
colonies for a time. *****
C. Although African Americans suffered racism and
persecution everywhere, only in the Southern
colonies were they actually made slaves.
D. Due to discrimination, only whites could purchase a
slave’s freedom or own slaves as property.
American Colonies under Mercantilism
The colonies were an important aspect of Mercantilism
because they served as a source of providing raw materials
(lumber, furs, grain, and tobacco) as well as a built-in
market for purchasing goods from England.
1. According to this theory a nation’s power is measured by its gold
reserves. A country that strives to export more than they import in
order to create a surplus of gold reserves
A. capitalism
C. supply side economics
B. socialism
D. mercantilism
D. mercantilism***
2. Which of the following statements BEST describes the relationship
between mercantilism and colonization?
A. countries established colonies to minimize the need to
export gold reserves to competing powers. *****
B. mercantilists, as supporters of free trade sought to expand
their markets wherever they could.
C. mercantilists favored building colonies primarily to expand
the Catholic religion.
D. mercantilists favored building colonies as a place to put
manufacturing plants, which were increasingly polluting.
Chapter 3: The American Colonies Take Shape
The American Colonies and England
Comparing Regional Cultures
SSUSH2 The student will trace the ways that
the economy and society of British North
America developed.
c. Identify Benjamin Franklin as a symbol of social
mobility and individualism.
d. Explain the significance of the Great Awakening.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
A movement of intellectual growth to encourage the use of
experimentations as tools to make discoveries about the
natural world.
Use the values in reason and science, rational explanation of
the world, and the importance of the individual.
Ex: Benjamin Franklin a colonial
politician, embraces the notion of
obtaining truth through
experimentation and
reasoning—experiment on electricity.
First Great Awakening
A religious movement that featured passionate
preaching from evangelists who believed that
colonists needed to be called back to sincere
Christian commitment.
It helped establish separation of church and
state as a valued colonial principle.
Great Awakening”– A Religious Revival
Christian worship began to change in the 1730s -1740s. A religious
revival swept through the colonies. Ministers began to preach that all
people were guilty of sin and needed to repent.
Only way to achieve salvation and the peace, & love of God was through
public repentance of their sin.
Jonathan Edwards
“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
preaches people are sinful and must seek
God’s mercy.
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
1. The ability of someone to advance from one status in society to
another is known as
A. mercantilism
C. indentured servants
B. social mobility
D. common sense
B. social mobility***
2. Enlightenment thinkers stressed all of the following except:
A. use of reason
C. importance of the individual
B. scientific method
D. unpredictability of nature
D. unpredictability of nature***
3. The Enlightenment period was a movement that emphasized the
value of
A. Religion
C. Miracles
D. Reason***
B. Motives
D. Reason
4. __________________ set forth the idea that the Earth and all of the
other planets revolve around the sun.
A. Benjamin Franklin C. Nicolas Copernicus
C. ***
B. Galileo Galilei
D. Isaac Newton
5. ______________________ was a very important Enlightenment thinker
during this period.
A. John Smith
C. Benjamin Franklin
B. John Winthrop
D. Frederick Douglas
C. Benjamin Franklin
6. This movement focused on reason and conscience also based knowledge on
fact and mathematical concepts.
A. Great Awakening
C. Revolutionary thought
B. Enlightenment
D. Psychological reasoning
B. Enlightenment***
7. Why was the Enlightenment period considered a revolutionary
thought?
A. it focused on violence rather than peace.
B. it gave people the idea we have individual rights in which the
government must respect.
C. Benjamin Franklin encouraged rebellion in the colonies
against England.
D. Science, math, and reason are all cruel subjects and hard to
pass.
B. it gave people the idea we have individual rights in which the government
must respect.***
8. This movement came about due to a need for salvation and a
return to Puritan values.
A. Great Awakening
C. Church revivals
B. Enlightenment
D. Miracle sessions
A. Great Awakening***
9. Jonathan Edwards was an important figure in the
A. Salem Witchcraft trials
C. Enlightenment
B. Stono Rebellion
D. Great Awakening
D. Great Awakening***
10. The evangelist George Whitefield preached his sermons during
which period.
A. the American Revolution C. the French and Indian War
B. the First Great Awakening D. the Salem Witch Trials
B. the First Great Awakening***
11. During the Great Awakening period there was an increase in
A. People dying because of disease.
B. People asking for god’s forgiveness.
C. People returning home from war.
D. People focusing on education.
B. People asking for god’s forgiveness.
Section 3—Comparing Regional Cultures
Questions for Review
1. In the mid 1700’s, what did the American colonies all have in common?
A. short growing season
C. long growing season
B. temperate climate
D. agricultural economy
D. Agricultural economy
2. Because of New England’s climate and landforms, farmers
A. Raised livestock to be shipped to England.
B. Raised livestock and grew wheat, maize, and potatoes for their own
****
use.
C. Produced wheat and shipped it to Europe.
D. Produced cash crops
3. Which colonies raised the staple crop, tobacco?
A. Virginia and Maryland C. South Carolina and Georgia
B. North Carolina and South Carolina D. Philadelphia and New York
A. Virginia and Maryland
4. Women in the American colonies
A. Were treated as first rate workers
B. Were treated as second class citizens
C. Had authority over the plantation
D. Had the ability to change laws
B. Were treated as second class citizens
5. Which region had the most educational opportunities in the 1600s?
A. the South
C. New England
B. the Middle colonies
D. Mid-Atlantic C. New England
6. In colonial South Carolina and Georgia, most slaves worked
A. in cities.
C. in factories.
B. on fishing ships.
D. on farms.
D. on farms.
7. In colonial America, married women were
A. allowed to serve in legislatures.
B. legally dependent on their husbands.
C. allowed to vote if they owned land.
D. given the same legal rights as their husbands.
B. legally dependent on their husbands.
8. Women’s main contribution to the colonial household was to
A. keep the household operating.
B. plan leisure time activities.
C. supplement the family income.
D. teach family members manners.
A. keep the household operating.
Chapter 4: The American Colonies Take Shape
Wars of Empire
SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the
American Revolution.
a. Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial
competition as seen in the French and Indian
War and the 1763 Treaty of Paris laid the
groundwork for the American Revolution.
French & Indian War
War between the British and French (and their Native
American allies) that was fought for control of eastern
North America.
The British eventually won.
Treaty of Paris (1763)
Treaty ending the French and Indian War that
resulted in Great Britain winning control of
France's claims in Canada and east of the
Mississippi River and Florida.
Proclamation of 1763
• Proclamation made by King George III
limited colonial settlement because
forbade colonists from moving into
territory west of the Appalachian
Mountains.
• Colonists resented the king's
restrictions and many ignored the
proclamation.
• It was doomed to fail because keeping
settlers east of the Appalachians was
unpopular with people who wanted
to move west, and there were too few
British troops to enforce it.
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW
1. What was the main pressure leading up to the French and Indian
War?
A. Concern for the Indians C. A War in Europe
B. Desire for land
D. Different political philosophies
B. Desire for land
2.Which of the following best describes the results of the French
and Indian War?
A. France gave up most possessions in North America to
either Britain or Spain.
B. Britain gave Florida to Spain.
C. All treaties with Native Americans were revoked.
D. France gave up its territory east of the Mississippi but
kept the port of New Orleans.
A. France gave up most possessions in North America to either Britain or Spain.
3. What did France give up, and to whom?
A. All of its colonial territories to the British
B. Nothing
C. All territory east of the Mississippi to the British; all
territory west of the Mississippi to the Spanish
D. Just Louisiana, to the British
C. All territory east of the Mississippi to the British; all territory west of the Mississippi
to the Spanish
4. What conflicts did the French and Indian War leave unsolved?
A. The presence of the French in America
B. Conflict with colonists, land claims
C. Conflict with Native Americans
D. None
B. Conflict with colonists, land claims
5. When was the Treaty of Paris signed?
A. 1763
C. 1765
B. 1760
D. 1761
A. 1763
6. What Native American tribe did Pontiac belong to
A. Delaware
C. Seneca
B. Ottawa
D. Cherokee
B. Ottawa
7. What effect did the end of the French and Indian War
have on the Native American tribes?
A. Most Indian tribes were happy with the French victory
since the French treated the Indians fairly.
B. The end of the war brought peace between the Indians
and the British settlers.
C. With the French presence officially removed from North
America, the Indians were no longer able to play one
nation against the other.
D. Pontiac united all Indian tribes in the Ohio River Valley
and encouraged them to move further to the west.
C. With the French presence officially removed from North
America, the Indians were no longer able to play one
nation against the other.
Chapter 5: The American Revolution
Causes of the Revolution
SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the
American Revolution.
a. Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial competition as seen in
the French and Indian War and the 1763 Treaty of Paris laid the
groundwork for the American Revolution.
b. Explain colonial response to such British actions as the Proclamation
of 1763, the Stamp Act, and the Intolerable Acts as seen in Sons and
Daughters of Liberty and Committees of Correspondence.
North America in 1763
WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE
AMERICAN REVOLUTION?
• PROCLAMATION OF 1763
• SUGAR ACT (1764)
• QUARTERING ACT (1765)
• STAMP ACT (1765)
• TOWNSHEND ACT (1767)
• TEA ACT (1773)
• INTOLERABLE ACTS (1774)
PROCLAMATION OF 1763
• To prevent conflict with the Native Americans the
British set forth a law which banned all colonial
settlement West of the Appalachian Mountains
(Ohio River Valley area/old French lands).
• The colonists felt they helped the British win those
lands and they did not like the Native Americans
receiving the land and it convinced the colonists the
British government did not care about their needs.
• The colonists ignored the law and continued to
move westward disobeying British laws. The British
could not enforce the ban effectively.
SUGAR ACT (1764)
• Financial expert/Prime Minister George Grenville
began suspecting colonial smuggling goods into the
country and enacted the Sugar Act, which was an
extra tax on goods due to stop colonial smuggling.
– It halved the duty/taxes on foreign made molasses; placed a duty on
certain imports; and strengthen the enforcement laws against
smugglers.
• The colonists reduced their smuggling of goods and
continued to disagree about how the colonists
should be taxed and governed.
• Tensions began between the colonists and the
British government. Colonists began making their
own goods from their raw materials.
QUARTERING ACT (1765)
• This act authorized British commanders to house
soldiers in vacant homes/rooms or other buildings
of the colonists.
• The Quartering act completely disregarded the
colonists privacy. This definitely upset the
colonists….Eventually will become protected by
amendment #3 of the Bill of Rights.
• The colonists organized the 1st Continental Congress
(protests and boycotted goods)
• Declaration of Colonial Rights which stated that
parliament lacked the power to impose taxes on the
colonies because the colonists were not
represented in parliament.
STAMP ACT 1765
• This act was put in place to increase revenue from the colonies; to
finance debt from the French and Indian War and any future
European wars. It was a special tax on wills, birth certificates, paper,
pamphlets, and even playing cards.
• The Stamp Act required the colonists to pay a tax (directly) on special
stamped paper, legal documents, and stamp duties on packages.
• The colonists held protesting demonstrations; organized the Sons of
Liberty; held the stamp act congress which boycotted British goods.
– Benjamin Franklin helped write a Declaration of Rights and
Grievances to repeal the Stamp Act.
TOWNSHEND ACTS 1767
• This act was passed to increase revenues of the British
government. It was an indirect tax on imported
materials such as glass, lead, rubber, paint, paper, etc.
& A three-penny tax on tea.
• The colonists felt the tax was unfair because they had
no representation in the taxing body of the British
parliament. The indirect is levied on goods or services
ultimately paid by the consumer in higher prices.
• The colonists reacted with rage and well-organized
resistance; protesting “no taxation without
representation”; colonists began making their own
goods; committees of correspondence.
TEA ACT 1773
• The East India Company (official monopoly on tea
imports) was hit hard economically by colonial
boycotts. This tax granted the company the right to sell
tea to the colonies free of the taxes that colonial tea
sellers had to pay.
• The colonial merchants opposed this law due to it
would cut colonial merchants out of the tea trade
because the East India Company could sell its tea
directly to the consumers for less.
• The colonial merchants continued to protest violently;
a large group of rebels disguised themselves as Native
Americans and dumped approximately 18,000 pounds
of tea into the Boston harbor (the Boston Tea Party).
INTOLERABLE ACTS 1774
• King George III issued a series of laws (these acts were passed due to
the incident of the Boston Tea Party): (1) shut down the Boston
Harbor, (2) issued the Quartering Act, (3) General Thomas Gage
became new Royal governor of Massachusetts, (4) Boston placed
under martial law.
• The colonists would lose their revenue from trading
and England tighten control over the colonies which
prevented any type of smuggling, etc.
• The Committees of Correspondence assembled the
First Continental Congress; in September 1774, 56
delegates met in Philadelphia and drew up a
Declaration of Colonial Rights which was to defend
their colonial rights to handle their own affairs,
supported protest in Massachusetts, and stated if
the British used force against the colonies, the
colonies should fight back.
LEXINGTON AND CONCORD 1775
• The first battles in the American Revolutionary war.
• The British are traveling toward Concord to check
out a stockpile of colonial weapons.
• Lexington (15 minute battle)—British soldiers were
met by 70 minutemen resulting in 8 minutemen
dead and 10 more were wounded and only 1 British
soldier dead….British won!!!
• Concord—British find the empty arsenal and on
their way back are met by 3,000 to 4,000
minutemen (ready to fight); the British soldiers
were outnumbered, some were wounded, the
others retreated….Colonists won!!!
Sons of Liberty & Daughters of Liberty
• Groups that formed to help enforce colonial
boycotts against British goods in response to the
Stamp Act.
The Sons of Liberty used
violence and intimidation to
enforce the boycotts while the
Daughters of Liberty used their
skills to weave fabric and other
products that were usually
bought from Britain.
Boston Tea Party
So, In December 1773 a group of radicals dressed
as Mohawk Indians raided ships hauling British
tea and threw the crates overboard into Boston
Harbor.
Questions for Review
1. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 declared that colonists could not settle west of
a line drawn north to south along the
A. Rocky Mountains
C. Appalachian Mountains
B. Ohio River
D. Hudson River
C. Appalachian Mountains
2. In response to the Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts), the First Continental
Congress
A. agreed to an increased presence of British troops.
B. planned to organize against Britain and halted trade with
them.
C. agreed to Parliament’s conditions
D. took no action
B. planned to organize against Britain and
halted trade with them.
3. Colonial governments in America
A. provided that all members of the legislature be elected by the people.
B. allowed some citizens to have a voice in the laws directly affecting
them.
C. answered only to the people of England.
D. strengthened the power of the King of England in the colonies.
D. strengthened the power of the King of England in the colonies.
4. He was elected to the Massachusetts Assembly, a tax collector, and leader of the
Sons of Liberty.
A. Thomas Jefferson
C. Samuel Adams
B. Benjamin Franklin
D. Patrick Henry
C. Samuel Adams
5. What followed the Boston Tea Party?
A. the free flow of trade between the colonies and other countries.
B. harsh restrictions on colonial liberties and trade.
C. Increased self-government in New England.
D. the removal of British troops from the colonies.
B. harsh restrictions on colonial liberties and trade.
6. What did “no taxation without representation” mean to the colonies?
A. The taxing power of British shopkeepers is represented in Parliament.
B. There should be no taxation of British goods entering the colonies.
C. Taxation in the colonies should only be for British citizens.
D. The colonists should not be taxed without representation in
Parliament.
D. The colonists should not be taxed without representation in Parliament.
Chapter 6: The American Revolution
Declaring Independence
SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of
the American Revolution.
c. Explain the importance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
to the movement for independence.
SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and
diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.
a. Explain the language, organization, and intellectual sources of the
Declaration of Independence; include the writing of John Locke
and the role of Thomas Jefferson.
BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL (JUNE 17, 1775)
British leader: General Thomas Gage and William Howe; British won only because of Colonists
not having enough ammunition. British suffered a great loss in troops named the deadliest
battle of the war. After the battle of Breed’s Hill (Bunker Hill, Massachusetts), many people
called for a peaceful solution to the colonies problems with England.
Common Sense by Thomas Paine
Written in early 1776, it said that continued
American loyalty to Britain would be absurd,
and independence was the only rational thing
for colonists to do.
Thomas Paine was an immigrant
from England who wrote a
pamphlet called Common Sense, an
anonymous 50 page pamphlet. He argued
that the time had come for American independence.
Paine attacked King George III and explained his own
revolt against the King had begun with Lexington and
Concord.
Paine sold over 500,000 copies and donated most of
his profits to the revolutionary war.
Man being born with a title to perfect freedom, and enjoyment of all the rights and
privileges of the law of nature, equally with any other man, hath by nature a power,
not only to preserve his life, liberty and estate, against the injuries and attempts of
other men; but to judge of, and punish the breaches of that law in others.
John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690
1. John Locke's writing MOST LIKELY reflects the ideals of which
movement?
A. Enlightenment
C. Liberalism
B. Imperialism
D. Romanticism A. Enlightenment
2. John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean Jacques Rousseau
all were
A. advocated American independence
B. proponents of a constitutional monarchy in France.
C. French Enlightenment philosophers.
D. influences on the ideals that shaped American
government.
D. influences on the ideals that shaped American
government.
3. The phrase in the Declaration of Independence stating "that
governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just
powers from the consent of the governed" illustrates the principle
of
A. federalism.
C. equality before the law.
B. judicial review.
D. the Social Contract theory.
D. the Social Contract theory.
* Commander of Continental Army
* Encamped troops at Valley Forge in 1777
* Lost Philadelphia to British in 1777
*Accepted British surrender at Yorktown
4. All of these are describing the actions of what personality of the
American Revolution?
A. John Adams.
C. Thomas Jefferson.
B. Benjamin Franklin.
D. George Washington.
D. George Washington.
Chapter 7: The American Revolution
Turning Points of the War
SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and
diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.
b. Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and
foreign assistance and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and the
Marquis de Lafayette.
c. Analyze George Washington as a military leader; include the
creation of a professional military and the life of a common
soldier, and describe the significance of the crossing of the
Delaware River and Valley Forge.
EARLY VICTORIES
Washington takes Trenton and Princeton—Washington and
his army were crossing the Delaware river in small rowboats.
Those 2,400 men marched through sleet and snow (a fierce
storm). Most of the Hessians (Germans) were sleep and had
drank too much the night before because it was Christmas
night. Washington took the troops by surprise. They killed
30 men, held 918 men captive, and took 6 Hessian’s
cannons. This demonstrated Washington’s tactical brilliance
which sparked the determination, dedication, and courage of
his troops. Many soldiers re-enlisted at this time. Another
victory came later against 1,200 British soldiers stationed at
Princeton.
The American victory at the Battle of Saratoga was the turning
point in the American Revolution—it prompted France’s
involvement and the British army was not able to combine to defeat
the Continentals.
The victory at Saratoga bolstered the French trust in the American
army and France had now agreed it was time to support the
revolution. The massed American troops finally surrounded
Burgoyne at Saratoga. The British strategy had to be changed and
General Burgoyne had to surrender to General Horatio Gates.
The British now had to fight near the coast and close to their guns
arsenal and the supply base on the British fort.
Valley Forge (1777-1778)—harsh winter camp where the continental army of 10,000
soldiers stayed. The soldiers suffered from cold weather exposure and frost bite; resulting in a
loss of 2000+ soldiers, there were no deserters! Surgeons worked constantly but often were
unsuccessful in saving soldiers’ arms and limbs from amputation. The continental army suffered
greatly.
The British soldiers during this period stayed in our country’s capital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
“To see men without clothes to cover their nakedness, without blankets to lie upon, without
shoes…without a house of hut to cover them until those could be built, and submitting without a
murmur, is a proof of patience and obedience which, in my opinion, can scarcely be paralleled.”-Washington
Questions for Review
1. One of the central reasons for the military success of the United
States in the American Revolution was
A. a well armed and well trained military force.
B. financial and military assistance from France.
C. substantial industrial production of armaments.
D. its navy was vastly superior the that of Britain.
B. financial and military assistance from France.
2.
It is evident from this diagram that in the early years of the
Revolutionary War
A. the British were close to winning.
B. the Americans were close to winning.
C. most of the fighting was in the South.
D. that the outcome was far from decided.
D. that the outcome was far from decided.
William Howe
John Burgoyne
Lord Cornwallis
Henry Clinton
3. With regards to the American Revolution, what does these people
have in common?
A. They were American military leaders.
B. They were training the American soldiers.
C. They were the British military leaders.
D. They were in the British Parliament.
C. They were the British military leaders.
4. In the United States, the Marquis de Lafayette is best known for
A. giving away secrets to the Germans in World War II.
B. his role in the XYZ Affair with the French government
C. fighting for the United States in the American Revolution.
D. leading the French Resistance to aid American pilots in
World War II
C. fighting for the United States in the American Revolution.
Chapter 8: The American Revolution
War’s End and Lasting Effects
SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and
diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.
b. Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and
foreign assistance and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and the
Marquis de Lafayette.
c. Analyze George Washington as a military leader; include the
creation of a professional military and the life of a common
soldier, and describe the significance of the crossing of the
Delaware River and Valley Forge.
d. Explain Yorktown, the role of Lord Cornwallis, and the Treaty of
Paris, 1783.
King George III
King of England during the American Revolution.
George Washington
Commander of the Continental Army during
the American Revolution.
Marquis de Lafayette
Frenchman who made his way to America to fight
for the revolution, a brave, idealistic 20-yr old French
aristocrat, aided the American cause by joining
George Washington’s staff,
leading a command in
Virginia, and suggesting the
military strategy that
resulted in the surrender of the
British army at (Yorktown).
He also encouraged the French
to send reinforcements in 1779.
French Help At Yorktown
On October 19, 1781, Cornwallis surrendered
to Washington at Yorktown.
The French troops joined the
siege, while other French ships
blocked a British rescue by sea.
There was also some Spanish support (as an ally to
The French). Spain allowed the American Navy to
use the Spanish port of New Orleans.
Lord Cornwallis
British commander who fought the American
army in the Carolinas and surrendered to
Washington at Yorktown.
Treaty of Paris (1783)
Treaty ending the American Revolution.
Great Britain officially recognized the independence
of the United States.
Questions for Review
1. The outcome at Saratoga was important because
A. it led to victory in the South.
B. it won the Americans a foreign ally.
C. it was the first major victory for the colonists.
D. it marked the end of British presence in the north.
B. it won the Americans a foreign ally.
2. By 1778, the Revolutionary War had reached a stalemate in the
North. The British army MOST LIKELY decided to launch a
southern offensive because
A. southern governors assured the army that Georgia
militias had few trained soldiers.
B. the generals believed that they could draw the northern
army to unfamiliar territory.
C. the generals believed that they could convince neighboring
Indian tribes to help them.
D. southern governors assured the army that British loyalists
were waiting to assist them.
***
3. Lord Charles Cornwallis’ role in the American Revolution is significant
because
A. he successfully defeated Washington outside of New York City.
B. led the British invasion of the colonies by way of the Canada territory.
C. he abandoned the British Army and declared his allegiance to the
Colonial Army.
D. his invasion of Virginia eventually led to his being trapped in 1781 at
the battle of Yorktown.
D. his invasion of Virginia eventually led to his being trapped in 1781 at
the battle of Yorktown.
4. The Battle of Yorktown is significant in the American Revolution because
A. it was there that the "shot heard ‘round the world" was fired.
B. it marked the only time Washington was ever defeated in battle.
C. the British victory there succeeded in dividing George Washington's
Colonial Army into two parts.
D. the British Army surrendered after being surrounded there, marking
the end of fighting in the war.
D. the British Army surrendered after being surrounded there, marking
the end of fighting in the war.
5. The Treaty of Paris of 1783
A. ended French colonial holdings in North America.
B. granted the United States independence from England.
C. ensured Loyalists would not be compensated for their
lands.
D. established an alliance between the United States and
France.
B. granted the United States independence from England.
6. Which European philosopher proposed that dividing the
government into three branches would prevent any one person or
group from gaining total control?
A. Voltaire
C. Rousseau
B. Thomas Hobbes
D. Baron de Montesquieu
D. Baron de Montesquieu
Chapter 9: SSUSH5A-D
Creating the Constitution
91
SSUSH5 The student will explain specific events and key
ideas that brought about the adoption and
implementation of the United States Constitution.
A. Explain how weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation and Daniel
Shays’ Rebellion led to a call for a stronger central government.
b. Evaluate the major arguments of the anti-Federalists and Federalists
during the debate on ratification of the Constitution as put forth in
The Federalist concerning form of government, factions, checks and
balances, and the power of the executive, including the roles of
Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.
c. Explain the key features of the Constitution, specifically the Great
Compromise, separation of powers, limited government, and the
issue of slavery.
d. Analyze how the Bill of Rights serves as a protector of individual and
states’ rights.
92
Articles of Confederation
First national body of laws adopted by the US
following its declaration of independence.
It proved ineffective because it did not give enough
power to the national government.
Articles of Confederation
• First national government
• Unicameral Congress
• One vote per state regardless of
size
Strengths:
• Had the power to make war,
negotiate treaties, request
troops and taxes from the states
(did not receive help), settle
arguments between states,
admit new states, and borrow
money.
Articles of Confederation
Weaknesses:
• Lack of power to levy taxes
• Raise an army
• Regulate trade
• All 13 States had to agree to change
anything
DISCOURAGED CENTRALIZED AUTHORITY
The states felt that a centralized authority would diminish
their own independence. They may have remembered the
failure to the English Commonwealth under Cromwell. They
also feared the kingly power if they decided on a strong
central government.
Shays cont’d
• In 1787 Shays leads his army to Springfield, Massachusetts, to raid
the arsenal.
• Massachusetts calls out the state militia, which kill four rebels and
scatters the rest.
• Clearly, if this many farmers were willing to rebel, something was
wrong.
• Shay’s rebellion made states decide to participate in the
Philadelphia convention because some states had already feared
uprising in their state. Shay’s rebellion showed the weaknesses
of the national government in dealing with economic problems.
97
Questions for Review
1. What is a unicameral legislature?
a. a lawmaking body with a single house of elected
representatives
b. a lawmaking body with two houses of elected
representatives
c. an executive committee that preserves Britain’s political
traditions
d. an executive committee that shares power with state
governments
a. a lawmaking body with a single house of elected
representatives
2. Under the Articles of Confederation, who chose the federal government’s
congress of delegates?
a. the president
c. state governors
b. the people
d. state legislatures
d. state legislatures
98
3. Under the Articles of Confederation, small states like Rhode Island, wielded
as much power as large states such as Virginia, because
a. each state had one vote in Congress.
b. there was no executive branch of government.
c. representation was determined by a state’s population.
d. the legislature had no lawmaking power.
a. each state had one vote in Congress.
4. Which of the following provided a plan for governing western lands?
a. Continental Congress
c. Land Ordinance of 1785
b. Articles of Confederation
d. Northwest Ordinance of 1787
d. Northwest Ordinance of 1787
5. After Shay’s Rebellion the delegates at the Constitutional Convention met to
a. write a new Constitution.
b. dismantle the national government.
c. put down Shays’ rebellion.
d. revise the Articles of Confederation.
d. revise the Articles of Confederation.
99
6. Most state constitutions guaranteed
a. the tyranny of the majority.
b. universal suffrage.
c. freedom of religion.
d. the dominance of a state church.
c. freedom of religion.
7. What type of government did the Articles of Confederation
create?
a. a strong, centralized government
b. an alliance of weak and dependent states
c. a loose confederation of strong state governments
d. a federal system with a bicameral legislature and a
president
c. a loose confederation of strong state governments
8. What event caused the delegates to seek a strong central
government?
a. American Revolutionary War
c. Shays Rebellion
b. Whiskey Rebellion
d. Bill of Rights
c. Shays Rebellion
100
America Under the Articles
• Financial chaos
• Unpaid army threatened to
mutiny
• Land Ordinance of 1785 were
passed to provide for settling
the land north of the Ohio
River—distributed public lands.
• Northwest Ordinance of 1787
outlawed slavery in land settled
north of the Ohio River and gave
those settlers a Bill of Rights—
provided a government for the
lands.
WESTERN LANDS
Land ordinance of 1785 established a plan for dispensing or
distributing, (surveying) the public lands .
By running a grid of lines north to south and
east to west, federal surveyors divided the land
into hundreds of townships, each six square
miles. Once the land was surveyed it would be
divided among families in small parcels.
Each township was then subdivided in 36
“sections” of one square mile (640 acres) to be
sold for at least one dollar per acre. This would
allow for not only the rich to purchase land but
poor families.
Once the land was surveyed it would be divided among families
in small parcels. This would allow for not only the rich to
purchase land but poor families.
An accomplishment of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was to
establish requirements for admitting new states to the union:
1. Congress would appoint a territorial
governor and judges.
2. When a territory had 5,000 voting residents,
it could write a constitution and elect their
own government.
3. When the population reached 60,000, it
could apply to be a state.
These laws were the confederation’s greatest
achievements and established a blueprint for
future growth of the nation.
DISCOURAGED CENTRALIZED AUTHORITY
The states felt that a centralized authority would diminish
their own independence. They may have remembered the
failure to the English Commonwealth under Cromwell. They
also feared the kingly power if they decided on a strong
central government.
Big States vs. Small States
–Big states: wanted Congress to be composed of
two houses and delegates should be assigned
according to population (favored representation
of each state based on population).
• Small states: wanted a Congress of
one house because each state should
be preserved and each state should
have one vote (favored equal representation
of each state).
105
Questions for Review
B. Representation in Congress.
1. The Great Compromise was over the issue of
A. How to elect the President.
B. Representation in Congress.
C. Who would be the first Chief Justice.
D. Farm states and states involved in commerce.
2. The Great Compromise was over the debate between the
A. Free states and slave states.
B. Big states and little states.
C. Northern states and Southern states
B. Big states and little states.
D. Rich states and poor states.
3. As a result of the Great Compromise, the ___________ is
based on population and the _________ has an equal number
from each state.
A. Senate; House of Representatives
B. House of Representatives; Senate
****
C. Supreme Court; Senate
D. Supreme Court; House of Representatives
107
108
National government vs. State governments
The national government has the power to control
foreign affairs, provide national defense, regulate
trade between states, and coin money. The state
governments have the power to provide and
supervise education, establish marriage laws, and
regulate trade within the state.
EXAMPLES OF DIVIDED POWERS IN US GOVERNMENT
DELEGATED POWERS:
THOSE POWERS SPECIFICALLY
GRANTED THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT BY THE
CONSTITUTION.
REGULATE
INTERSTATE AND
INTERNATIONAL
TRADE, COIN
MONEY, DECLARE
WAR, MAINTAIN
ARMED FORCES,
ESTABLISH A
POSTAL SYSTEM,
ENFORCE
COPYRIGHTS,
SIGN TREATIES,
ACQUIRE
TERRITORY
RESERVED POWERS:
THOSE POWERS NOT
DELEGATED TO THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OR
DENIED THE STATES ARE
RESERVED FOR THE STATES.
CONCURRENT POWERS:
POWERS THAT ARE
SHARED BY BOTH
THE FEDERAL AND
STATE
GOVERNMENTS.




POWER TO TAX,
MAINTAIN COURTS,
BORROW MONEY,
DEFINE CRIME AND
PUNISHMENTS,
CONDEMN PRIVATE
PROPERTY
REGULATE
INTERSTATE TRADE,
ESTABLISH SCHOOLS,
ESTABLISH LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS,
PASS STATEWIDE
LAWS (EX. SAFETY
BELT LAWS),
RUN ELECTIONS,
GRANT
PROFESSIONAL
CERTIFICATION,
MARRIAGE
REQUIRMENTS
Separation of Powers
• The delegates created three branches
– Legislative branch to makes laws and changes to
existing laws based on the Constitution and the Bill of
Rights (House of Representatives & Senate).
– Executive to carry out/enforce laws (President, Vice
President, and Cabinet).
– Judicial to study--interpret/reviews laws (U.S. Supreme
Court).
• Established a system of checks and balances.
• Also established the electoral college, a group of
electors to cast votes for the candidates
111
Checks and Balances
The system preserves the power
of government by ensuring that
no branch becomes powerful
enough to diminish the power of
another branch.
This maintained separation of
power among the branches of
the federal government is called
checks and balances—provided
to prevent one branch from
dominating the others.
President EXECUTIVE BRANCH
CAN VETO CONGRESSIONAL BILLS.
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH CAN
OVERRIDE PRESIDENTIAL VETO
BY 2/3 VOTE APPROVAL.
JUDICIAL BRANCH CAN DECLARE
CONGRESS LAWS AND
PRESIDENTIAL ACTIONS
UNCONSTITUTIONAL.
112
Questions for Review
1. What was accomplished at the Constitutional Convention of 1787?
A. The U.S. Constitution was written.
B. The U.S. Constitution was amended.
C. The Articles of Confederation were written.
D. The Articles of Confederation were amended.
A. The U.S. Constitution was written
2. Critics of the Virginia Plan worried that
A. A federal court system was needed to review laws.
B. A bicameral legislature would give small states too
much influence.
C. A strong President would gain kinglike power.
D. A unicameral legislature would give too much power to
the common people.
C. A strong President would gain kinglike power.
3. Which plan was favored by the small states?
A. Virginia Plan
C. New Jersey Plan
B. Great Compromise
D. 3/5 Compromise
****
4. What is one feature of the political system created by the
original Constitution of the United States?
A. guaranteeing equal legal rights to all persons
B. requiring the federal government to maintain a balanced
budget
C. dividing powers between the national and state
governments
D. granting more power to the executive branch than to the
other branches of government
C. dividing powers between the national and state governments****
5. To win a presidential election, a candidate must win a
A. two-thirds vote of the state legislatures
B. two-thirds vote in Congress
C. majority of the popular vote
D. majority of the electoral college vote
D. majority of the electoral college vote*****
6. “…The accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and
judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and
whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, may justly
be pronounced the very definition of tyranny….”
— James Madison
Which feature of the United States Constitution was included to address
the concern expressed by James Madison?
A. electoral college
C. checks and balances
B. Bill of Rights
D. amendment process
C. checks and balances
7. At the Constitutional Convention, the delegates agreed that Congress
should have the power to
A. declare laws unconstitutional
B. levy and collect taxes
B. levy and collect taxes******
C. select the president
D. eliminate slavery in the states
What Kind of Plan? Whose Ideas Are Best?
Two Different Factions
Federalist:
• Favored strong central
government
• Believed in a “loose”
interpretation of the Constitution
• Encouraged the growth of
business
• Encouraged urbanization & an
economy based on industry and
commerce
• Supported by Washington,
Hamilton, & Adams
Anti-Federalists:
• Favored a weak central
government & stronger state
governments.
• Believed in a strict
interpretation of the
Constitution
• Encouraged the development
of farming (agriculture)
• Wanted a rural American
society
• Supported by Jefferson and
Madison
CONFLICT!!!
The Federalist Papers were written by Federalist leaders
John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton to get
New York to ratify the constitution. It was a series of 85
essays that analyzed the constitution and explained why
ratification of the constitution would be beneficial. It also
argued that the division
of powers and the
system of checks and
balances would protect
Americans from
tyrannical authority
or a centralized
authority.
Bill of Rights helps to approve the US Constitution
The Federalists pledged to add the Bill of Rights to the U.S.
Constitution. This pledge would help them win the support of
additional states they needed to ensure ratification. Before the
Constitution could go into effect it had to be ratified by 2/3 of the
states.
Ratification—official approval—required the agreement of at least
nine states of the thirteen states.
The Constitution was ratified on September 17, 1789—the Bill of
Rights added December 1791.
Delaware was the first and New Hampshire was the ninth.
I - Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly,
and petition.
II - Right to keep and bear arms.
III - Conditions for quarters of soldiers (protection
from having to house soldiers).
IV- Right of search and seizure regulated
(protection from having home being searched).
V- Provisions concerning prosecution (provides
that certain steps be taken if someone is
charged with a crime).
VI - Right to a speedy trial, witnesses, etc.
VII - Right to a trial by jury (civil lawsuits, court
cases involving private rights).
VIII - Excessive bail/cruel punishment (right to fair
punishment).
IX – Rights maintained by the people (to make sure
rights not mentioned in the Bill of Rights
would also be protected).
X - Rights of the states under Constitution.
121
Why amending the Constitution is difficult?
So that amending the Constitution would be taken seriously
and changes could not be made only to suit or favor a
specific individual, group, or cause.
How many times has the U.S. Constitution been changed?
What are these changes called?
The Constitution has been changed 27 times=27
amendments added.
122
Questions for Review
1. What did the Federalists want the Constitution to provide?
A. A bill of rights protecting basic liberties.
B. A strong central government.
C. Unlimited power for state governments.
D. Citizens’ conventions
B. A strong central government.
2. Anti-federalists criticized the Constitution as
A. Concentrating too much power in the hands of a
few.
B. Granting too much power to the states.
C. Weakening the national government by
guaranteeing civil liberties.
D. Containing too many checks and balances.
A. Concentrating too much power in the hands of a few.
3. Which of the following was prominent Federalists?
A. Samuel Adams
C. Richard Henry Lee
B. Patrick Henry
D. James Madison
******
4. At first, two big states looked like they would not ratify the
Constitution. They were
A.
B.
C.
D.
New Jersey and Connecticut.
Georgia and South Carolina.
New York and Virginia.
Pennsylvania and Rhode Island.
C. New York and Virginia.
5. Which three men persuaded New York to ratify the Constitution?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Alexander Hamilton of New York
John Jay of New York
James Madison of Virginia
All of the Above
D. All of the Above
6. All of the following statements regarding The Federalists Papers is
true, except:
A.
B.
C.
D.
They were newspapers articles written by Madison, Hamilton, & Jay.
They were meant to persuade New York to ratify the Constitution.
New York refused to ratify the Constitution.
****
It was the beginning of the two-party system.
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7. To win support for the Constitution, Federalists promised to add
A. The abolition of slavery
B. The popular election of the President
C. A strong federal judiciary
D. A Bill of Rights.
D. A Bill of Rights.
8. The idea that government gets its power from the people is
A. Federalism
C. Checks and Balances
B. Popular Sovereignty
D. Limited Government
B. Popular Sovereignty
9. The Bill of Rights guarantees all U.S. citizens certain rights
including protection
A. Against oppression by foreign governments
B. From economic hardship
C. From being deprived of property, liberty, or life without
due process
D. Against military draft by the federal government
C. From being deprived of property, liberty, or life without due process
10. Someone who opposed ratification of the Constitution,
believed that a central leader would have too much power,
and held a strict interpretation of the Constitution was most
like a member of which faction?
A. Federalists
C. Sons of Liberty
B. Anti-Federalists
D. Tories
B. Anti-Federalists***
11. Which of the following was added to the Constitution after its
ratification for the purpose of protecting citizen’s rights and
ensuring limited government?
A. The Articles of Confederation C. The Electoral College
B. The Bill of Rights
D. the Great Compromise
B. The Bill of Rights***
12. The principle that authority to govern should be divided
between different branches in order to respect and uphold the
natural rights of citizens is known as
A. Separation of Powers C. Popular
Sovereignty
***
*
B. The Tenth Amendment
D. The Bill of Rights
3 BRANCHES OF U.S. GOVERNMENT
Separation of Powers
Divides authority to govern between different
branches of government.
Legislative Branch
Responsible for making the laws of the country.
Questions for Review
1. Which of the following describes the House of
Representatives?
A. It has exactly 100 members.
B. Representatives may serve only two year terms.
C. Every States has at least one member.
D. It is considered the more prestigious house of Congress.
B. Representatives may serve only two year terms.
2. Which statement about the Senate is true?
A. It has two members from each state.
B. Its membership is proportional to the State’s population.
C. It is considered less important than the House of
Representatives.
A. It has two members from each state.
D. It has “the power of the purse.”
3. According to the Constitution, who has the sole power to
impeach the President?
A. The U.S. Supreme Court C. The Attorney General
B. No person or group
D. The House of Representatives
D. The House of Representatives
Executive Branch
Responsible for enforcing the laws and is
headed by the president of the United
States.
MAIN DUTIES/ROLES AND POWERS
CHIEF EXECUTIVE—ENFORCE THE LAWS PASSED BY CONGRESS
ISSUE EXECUTIVE ORDERS, ENFORCING THE LAW; ACT AS THE HEAD OF THE FEDERAL
BUREAUCRACY AND ALL FEDERAL AGENCIES
NOMINATE JUDGES (INCLUDING THOSE TO THE SUPREME COURT, REQUIRING SENATE
CONFIRMATION); APPOINT GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS (SOME REQUIRING SENATE
CONFIRMATION, SOME NOT).
CHIEF DIPLOMAT—ACT A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED STATES TO FOREIGN
GOVERNMENTS; MAKE TREATIES WITH FOREIGN NATIONS (REQUIRE 2/3 VOTE IN
SENATE FOR APPROVAL); EXTEND OR RESCIND DIPLOMATIC RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN
NATIONS.
CHIEF LEGISLATOR—PROPOSE A FEDERAL BUDGET; RECOMMEND PROPOSED
LAWS TO CONGRESS; VETO LEGISLATION; APPROVE LEGISLATION PASSED BY
CONGRESS.
MAIN DUTIES/ROLES AND POWERS
COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF OF ARMED FORCES—SUPREME COMMANDER OF
ALL BRANCHES OF US MILITARY; AUTHORIZE USE OF US MILITARY FOR UP TO 60 DAYS
(WITHOUT APPROVAL OF CONGRESS OR DECLARATION OF WAR).
CHIEF OF STATE—SERVE AS CEREMONIAL HEAD OF US GOVERNMENT.
VICE PRESIDENT MAIN DUTIES/ROLES AND POWERS
PRESIDENT OF THE SENATE—MAKES DECIDING VOTE IN SENATE ONLY IF THERE IS
A TIE.
OVERSEES THE 25TH AMENDMENT—MAKES FINAL DECISION OF WHETHER
THE PRESIDENT IS CAPABLE OF FULFILLING THE JOB OF PRESIDENCY WHEN HE IS
DISABLED.
Questions for Review
"I've come here to Cairo to seek a new beginning between the United States and
Muslims around the world, one based on mutual interest and mutual respect, and one
based upon the truth that America and Islam are not exclusive and need not be in
competition. Instead, they overlap, and share common principles -- principles of
justice and progress; tolerance and the dignity of all human beings.
I do so recognizing that change cannot happen overnight. I know there's been a lot of
publicity about this speech, but no single speech can eradicate years of mistrust, nor
can I answer in the time that I have this afternoon all the complex questions that
brought us to this point. But I am convinced that in order to move forward, we must
say openly to each other the things we hold in our hearts and that too often are said
only behind closed doors"
--President Barack Obama, June 4, 2009
1. These lines from President Obama's speech show a President's role
as
a. party leader.
c. Commander in Chief.
b. Chief Executive. d. Chief Diplomat
d. Chief Diplomat
Use the cartoon below to answer the question.
2. Hillary Clinton is advising President Obama on the Middle East
conflict due to her expertise in foreign policy, this action is
Constitutional because she represents which cabinet position
a. Secretary of Domestic peace
c. Secretary of State
b. Secretary of Defense
d. Secretary of Commerce
Secretary of State
3. Members of the Cabinet advise the President on various policy
issues. Which of the following is a member of the Cabinet?
A. Solicitor General
C. First Lady
B. Vice President
D. Attorney General
***
4. Commander of the national armed forces is the
a. president.
c. vice president.
b. State of the Union general.
d. attorney general.
A. President
5. In the _____________________________ the goal is to
preserve the nation’s communities and ensures the United
States citizens of equal housing opportunities as well as helps
to make mortgage money available.
a. Department of Commerce
c. Department of Housing and
Urban Development
b. Department of Labor
d. Department of Justice
C. Department of Housing and Urban Development
6. The branch of the federal government that has the power to propose
legislation, negotiate treaties with other nations, and appoint federal
judges is the
A. Legislative Branch
C. Judicial Branch
B. Executive Branch
D. Constitutional Branch
B. Executive Branch
Judicial Branch
The federal court system.
Its role is to make sure the laws are applied
fairly and appropriately.
U.S. Supreme Court
Serves as the highest court in the land.
JUDICIAL REVIEW
THE MOST IMPORTANT POWER OF THE SUPREME COURT,
THAT OF JUDICIAL REVIEW OR THE ABILITY TO DECLARE
LAWS UNCONSTITUTIONAL, IS NOT IN THE CONSTITUTION.
THE POWER OF JUDICIAL REVIEW WAS A PRECEDENT SET IN
THE 1803 MARBURY V. MADISON DECISION. REGARDLESS, IT
HAS BECOME ONE OF THE MOST FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
IN AMERICAN
GOVERNMENT. IT ALSO SERVES A CHECK AND BALANCE ON
THE LAWS PASSED BY CONGRESS AND THE ACTIONS AND
TREATIES OF THE PRESIDENT.
Questions for Review
1. The Supreme Court is established in which branch of
government?
A. Legislative Branch
C. Executive Branch
B. Judicial Branch
D. Presidential Branch
B. Judicial Branch
2. This elevated the Supreme Court to a status balancing the
powers of the other branches.
A. Judicial review
C. Enumerated powers
B. Constitutional amendment
D. Judicial activism
A. Judicial review
3. How long is the term for a members of the Supreme Court?
A. 2 years
C. 6 years
D. Lifetime
B. 4 years
D. Lifetime
4. How many justices-including the chief justice-are on the
Supreme Court?
A. Five
C. Nine
C. Nine
B. Seven
D. Eleven
Questions for Review
5. The implied power of the Supreme Court to declare laws
unconstitutional is called
A. Judicial activism
C. Power of the people
B. Judicial reviewB. Judicial review
D. Presidential veto
6. A new controversial law has passed in both houses of Congress and
was signed by the President. A court case concerning the law is being
brought to the Supreme Court. Many political analysts believe the
Supreme Court will exercise its rights to judicial review in its decision.
Which conclusion is best, given this information?
A. Every law passed by Congress must be submitted to
the Supreme Court for approval.
B. The Supreme Court could declare the law
unconstitutional.
***
C. The Supreme court will rule on the court case without
making a single change in the law.
D. None of the above.
CHECKS & BALANCES IN GOVERNMENT
INTRODUCTION TO CHECKS AND BALANCES IN
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
THE CONCEPT OF CHECKING AND BALANCING
POWER
Checks and Balances
Powers given to each branch that allow
each branch to check the powers of the
other two.
EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHECKS ON THE LEGISLATIVE
BRANCH
· PRESIDENT HAS THE POWER TO VETO LAWS PASSED
BY THE CONGRESS
· PROPOSES LAWS TO CONGRESS
· SUBMITS THE FEDERAL BUDGET TO THE HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES
· APPOINTS FEDERAL OFFICIALS, WHO CARRY OUT
AND ENFORCE LAWS
EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHECKS ON THE JUDICIAL BRANCH
**Nominates judges to the Supreme Court
**Nominates judges to the federal court system
**President has the power to pardon individuals convicted of
crimes
**President can grant amnesty, forgiving a class of crime
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH CHECKS ON THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
**CONGRESS CAN OVERTURN A PRESIDENTIAL VETO WITH A 2/3 VOTE
OF BOTH HOUSES
**SENATE CAN REJECT PROPOSED TREATIES (2/3 VOTE TO APPROVE)
**SENATE CAN REJECT PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS OF FEDERAL
OFFICIALS OR JUDGES
**CONGRESS CAN IMPEACH AND REMOVE THE PRESIDENT (HOUSE
SERVES AS PROSECUTION, SENATE SERVES AS JURY)
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH CHECKS ON THE JUDICIAL BRANCH
**CONGRESS CAN CREATE LOWER COURTS
**SENATE CAN REJECT NOMINEES TO THE FEDERAL
COURTS/SUPREME COURT
**CONGRESS CAN AMEND THE CONSTITUTION TO
OVERTURN DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT
**CONGRESS CAN IMPEACH JUDGES AND REMOVE FROM
THE BENCH
JUDICIAL BRANCH CHECKS ON THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
· SUPREME COURT CAN USE THE POWER OF JUDICIAL
REVIEW TO RULE LAWS UNCONSTITUTIONAL
JUDICIAL BRANCH CHECKS ON THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
**SUPREME COURT CAN USE THE POWER OF
JUDICIAL REVIEW TO RULE PRESIDENTIAL
ACTIONS UNCONSTITUTIONAL
**SUPREME COURT CAN USE THE POWER OF
JUDICIAL REVIEW TO RULE TREATIES
UNCONSTITUTIONAL
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
THE MOST SIGNIFICANT AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION ARE THE FIRST TEN,
ALSO KNOWN AS THE BILL OF RIGHTS.
THESE AMENDMENTS WERE ADDED TO THE CONSTITUTION AT THE INSISTENCE OF
THE ANTI-FEDERALIST FORCES DURING THE DEBATES OVER RATIFICATION.
THE FEAR OF A DOMINATING FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, SUCH AS THE COLONISTS HAD
EXPERIENCED UNDER ENGLISH RULE, LED MANY TO DEMAND ASSURANCES THAT
SPECIFIC RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES WERE GOING TO BE PROTECTED. IT IS THE BILL OF
RIGHTS THAT STANDS TILL TODAY AS THE GREATEST GUARANTEE OF THESE RIGHTS
AND LIBERTIES UPON WHICH AMERICA WAS FOUNDED. ALL OF THE AMENDMENTS IN
THE BILL OF RIGHTS WERE ADOPTED TOGETHER IN 1791.
Questions for Review
1. The Tenth Amendment is confirming the “Founding
Fathers” dedication to the principle of
A. Suffrage
C. Federalism
B. Checks and Balances D. Popular Sovereignty
C. Federalism
2. The First Amendment establishes the people’s right to
A. Vote
C. Criticize the government
B. Due process
D. Raise a militia
C. Criticize the government
3. The Seventh Amendment requires that most people accused
of civil crimes be given a
A. Speedy trial
C. Jury trial
B. Lawyer
D. Equal protection under the law
C. Jury trial
4. The Fourth Amendment requires police provide a ______________
to obtain a search warrant.
A. Good reason
C. Written accusation
B. Police report
D. Witness
A. Good reason
Questions for Review
5. The Eighth Amendment says that bails, fines, and punishments
for crimes cannot be
A. Delayed
C. Timely
B. Unfair or cruel
D. Under the law
B. Unfair or cruel
6. The Second Amendment establishes the people’s right to
A. Own a gun
C. Criticize the government
B. Serve different religions D. Request a jury trial
A. Own a gun
7. The Fifth Amendment guarantees that the government cannot
take private property for its own use without
A. Fair payment
C. The owner’s agreement
B. Approval of Mayor D. Consent
A. Fair payment
8. The Fourteenth Amendment requires that states give all people
A. The right to vote
C. An income tax
B. Equal protection under the law D. The weather channel
B. Equal protection under the law
Other Key Amendments
• 14th-Equal protection under the law for all
persons born in the United States
• 15th-Gave African American males voting
rights
• 17th –Direct election of Senators
• 19th –Gave women voting rights
• 24th –Abolished the poll tax
• 26th –Extended voting rights to 18 year olds