Unit
Unit 2
2
The Company Man
Tips for a Job Interview
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Interviewer--Know the exact place and time of the interview, the
interviewer's full name, gender, interest, hometown,
the correct pronunciation and his or her title.
company--Learn related facts about the company such as annual
sales revenue, principal lines of business and locations.
3. position---Find out why the hiring manager and/or
client
representative are/is interested in your
qualifications.
• 4. future---Determine how the opportunity will
impact your immediate and long-term career
development.
• 5. question---An interview is a "two-way street."
Know what questions to ask during the interview.
Your questions allow the hiring manager to
evaluate your professional and personal needs.
Insightful questions help you determine if your
relationship will be mutually rewarding. Lastly,
the better you understand the opportunity, the
more you will be able to communicate your
interest in the position.
• 6.Appearance and gusture---Put your best
foot forward. Always wear proper attire
and greet your interviewer with a firm
handshake and an enthusiastic smile.
• 7.Keep your eyes open---do not cheat,
more critical, do not be cheated. Know
more real information yourself, do not trust
their words easily since they will not trust
you easily.
1. What kind city you want to work in? Big city,
medium sized ,or small city. The city in the
southeast coast or the city in the west?
• 2. What kind of company you want to work
in? Multinational, Big company, middle
sized ,or small one.
• 3. Do you want to be a team-player of big
company or the leader of a small company.
Or you want to set up your own business?
• 4 Which one you prefer—the job with high
pay but tight scheduled or the job with lower
pay but free schedule?
And for example, how much is enough for you
in Yichang?
• 5 Which one you concern more about future
job? Salary, promotion, spare time, further
education chance, working
environment ,interest or social prestige?
Audiovisual Supplement
Cultural Information
Watch the video clip and answer the following questions.
1. Why does Samantha refuse to read Ally’s resume?
Because she says, “References are much more
important in this line of work. Tony vouched for you.
That’s all I care about.”
2. Why does Samantha need help?
Her husband has been back East for the last two
months opening their New York office. Meanwhile she
is here desperately trying to balance — being a mother,
being a father, and running an entire advertising
agency. So she has come to the inevitable conclusion
that she needs help.
Audiovisual Supplement
Cultural Information
Audiovisual Supplement
Cultural Information
Ally: Hi! Ally Leeds. I have a 9:00 with Samantha Ryland.
Secretary: Yeah. Have a seat right over there and she
should be right with you. Can I get you
anything? A raspberry 山莓，木莓scone烤
饼?dunut 甜圈圈
Ally: No, thank you. I’m allergic to raspberries.
Secretary: Okay.
Justin: Oh, oh. Oh my, I’m so sorry.
Ally: It’s okay. You’ve got a little something on …
Justin: I have insurance if you want to exchange
information.
Ally: You’ve got — you’ve got a little something on your
chin. Uh, let me.
Audiovisual Supplement
Cultural Information
Secretary: Justin, Dolan’s waiting for you in the
conference room.
Justin: I’ll be right there. Good?
Ally: Yeah.
Justin: I gotta go.
Secretary: Okay, these are your messages. And that’s Ally
Leeds. Your 9:00.
Samantha: Oh. Mm, 10 minutes early. Promptness is a
virtue today. How do you do? Samantha Ryland.
Ally: Ally Leeds.
Samantha: Perfect. Follow me. Hold my calls … unless it’s
Donner. I just wanted to say what an
incredible honour it is to finally meet you. I
mean, what you did with the Fiora Perfume
line was genius.
Audiovisual Supplement
Cultural Information
Ally: Yeah, it smelled like wet dog. Well, Edwin land used
to say that marketing is what you do when your
product’s no good.
Samantha: Mmm, you did your homework. Have a seat.
Ally: Is that the original Pumpkin Patch Doll?
Samantha: Sure is. Put the Ryland Agency on the map.
But that was a long time ago. When men were
men and ads were ads. Let’s talk — what’s
your name?
Ally: Ally.
Samantha: Ally Leeds.
Ally: Let me give you a copy of my resume.
Audiovisual Supplement
Cultural Information
Samantha: Ah, keep it. References are much more
important in this line of work. Tony vouched
for you. That’s all I care about. So how do you
feel about personal fitness?
Ally: I jog three miles a day.
Samantha: And Shakespeare?
Ally: Well, actually I played the Courtezan in a college
production of “A Comedy of Errors.” I believe in
incorporating a little dramatic flair —
Samantha: What about homework?
Ally: I’m a big believer of always being prepared.
Audiovisual Supplement
Cultural Information
Samantha: Terrific. Can you be available at a moment’s
notice?
Ally: I’m very dedicated.
Samantha: Also I’m looking for a disciplinarian.
Ally: I ran my division for two weeks when Johnson went
on vacation.
Samantha: Hmm. Good. I believe in being honest so I’m
gonna be straight with you. My husband has
been back East for the last two months
opening our New York office. Meanwhile I am
here desperately trying to balance — being a
mother, being a father, and running an entire
advertising agency. I have come to the
inevitable conclusion that I need help. Excuse me.
Audiovisual Supplement
Cultural Information
1. A recent global survey by the Centre for
Work-Life Policy, a New York-based
nonprofit group, found that 45% of
executives were “extreme” workers,
putting in more than 60 hours a week.
Some 65% of men said their work stopped
them from having a strong relationship
with their children. The same was true
for 33% of women.
Audiovisual Supplement
Cultural Information
2. Workaholism has not been extensively
researched and does not have a clear,
clinical definition, but it can be a serious
problem.
3. A person who is addicted to work may experience
depression, anxiety, anger, high blood pressure, and a
weakened immune system as a result of the high stress.
4. Spouses and children can also be affected, with
workaholics having a higher divorce rate than others.
Text Analysis
Structural Analysis
• In a colloquial style, the author paints an ironic picture
of the life of a company man and his family.
• The man was a workaholic who died of a heart attack,
which surprised no one. He devoted all his thoughts and
energy to work and everything else was secondary to
that and the end might be considered tragically heroic:
he worked himself to death.
Are You a Workaholic?
• Studying hard
• Being a
bookworm
Hard workers and workaholics
Hard workers
Workaholics
Being organized
Disorganized
Focused
find reasons for working
more
Getting a lot of work done
Knowing when to stop
Having a life other than work
Hide problems through work
Don’t know how or when to
relax
Text Analysis
Structural Analysis
Paragraph(s)
1
Main idea
The introductory part.
2-6
This part reports how devoted the man
was to his work.
7-13
This part describes Phil’s role in his family.
14-16
This is the end of the essay. After the
cause of Phil’s death being restated, the
author goes on to report the company
president’s inquiry for his successor.
Detailed Reading
The Company Man
Ellen Goodman
1
He worked himself to death, finally and precisely, at
3:00 a.m. Sunday morning.
2
The obituary didn’t say that, of course. It said that
he died of a coronary thrombosis — I think that was it —
but everyone among his friends and acquaintances knew it
instantly. He was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic,
they said to each other and shook their heads — and
thought for five or ten minutes about the way they lived.
Detailed Reading
3 This man who worked himself to death finally and
precisely at 3:00 a.m. Sunday morning — on his day off —
was fifty-one years old and a vice-president. He was,
however, one of six vice-presidents, and one of three who
might conceivably — if the president died or retired soon
enough — have moved to the top spot. Phil knew that.
4
He worked six days a week, five of them until eight or
nine at night, during a time when his own company had
begun the four-day week for everyone but the executives.
He worked like the Important People.
He had no outside
“extracurricular interests,” unless, of course, you think
about a monthly golf game that way. To Phil, it was work.
He always ate egg salad sandwiches at his desk. He was,
of course, overweight, by 20 or 25 pounds. He thought it
was okay, though, because he didn’t smoke.
Detailed Reading
5
On Saturdays, Phil wore a sports jacket to the office
instead of a suit, because it was the weekend.
6
He had a lot of people working for him, maybe sixty,
and most of them liked him most of the time. Three of
them will be seriously considered for his job. The obituary
didn’t mention that.
7
But it did list his “survivors” quite accurately. He is
survived by his wife, Helen, forty-eight years old, a good
woman of no particular marketable skills, who worked in an
office before marrying and mothering.
She had,
according to her daughter, given up trying to compete with
his work years ago, when the children were small. A
company friend said, “I know how much you will miss him.”
And she answered, “I already have.”
Detailed Reading
8
“Missing him all these years,” she must have given up
part of herself which had cared too much for the man. She
would be “well taken care of.”
9
His “dearly beloved” eldest of the “dearly beloved”
children is a hard-working executive in a manufacturing
firm down South. In the day and a half before the funeral,
he went around the neighborhood researching his father,
asking the neighbors what he was like. They were
embarrassed.
10
His second child is a girl, who is twenty-four and
newly married. She lives near her mother and they are close,
but whenever she was alone with her father, in a car driving
somewhere, they had nothing to say to each other.
Detailed Reading
11
The youngest is twenty, a boy, a high-school graduate
who has spent the last couple of years, like a lot of his
friends, doing enough odd jobs to stay in grass and food. He
was the one who tried to grab at his father, and tried to
mean enough to him to keep the man at home. He was his
father’s favorite. Over the last two years, Phil stayed up
nights worrying about the boy.
12 The boy once said, “My father and I only board here.”
13 At the funeral, the sixty-year-old company president
told the forty-eight-year-old widow that the fifty-one-yearold deceased had meant much to the company and would
be missed and would be hard to replace. The widow didn’t
look him in the eye. She was afraid he would read her
bitterness and, after all, she would need him to straighten
out the finances — the stock options and all that.
Detailed Reading
14
Phil was overweight and nervous and worked too
hard. If he wasn’t at the office he was worried about it.
Phil was a Type A, a heart-attack natural. You could have
picked him out in a minute from a lineup.
15
So when he finally worked himself to death, at
precisely 3:00 a.m. Sunday morning, no one was really
surprised.
16
By 5:00 p.m. the afternoon of the funeral, the
company president had begun, discreetly of course, with
care and taste, to make inquiries about his replacement.
One of three the men. He asked around: “Who’s been
working the hardest?”
Detailed Reading
1. What is the general tone of this article? What is the
author’s attitude toward Phil?
The general tone of this article is sarcastic. In
describing in a mockingly serious manner different
people’s responses to Phil’s death, the author wants to
make the readers see the absurdity of a society that
produces such a tragic figure as Phil. He is, in the
deep sense, sympathetic with Phil, whose ignorance of
the cause of his own tragedy renders him more tragic.
Detailed Reading
2. Why does the author frequently mention the time “3.00
a.m. Sunday morning”?
The time is revealing, from which readers can be easily
attracted to give a deep thinking about the cause of
Phil’s tragedy for 3.00 a.m. is within the small hours
which might indicate that Phil had frequently worked
well into the night when alive.
Detailed Reading
Why does the author mention the company president’s
inquiries about Phil’s replacement at the end of the article?
From this detail we can get the idea that the company,
as well as other parts of the society, operates like a
lifeless and ruthless machine and all people working in
it have been dehumanized and transformed into parts
of this machine. Therefore, we can draw the lesson
that Phil’s tragedy is not merely a tragedy of himself,
but rather of all the people who are not aware of their
miserable existence or do not have the insight and
power to change matters.
Detailed Reading
Class Activity
Group discussion: Why isn’t the name of the deceased
mentioned at the very beginning?
Unlike most essays which usually make it clear who the
character is at the very beginning, this essay begins with
the pronoun “He.” At the end of the third paragraph where
the name was finally mentioned, readers only get to know
the first name of the deceased, not his full name.
This, on the one hand, is meant to get the readers
involved in finding out who is being discussed, and on the
other, suggests the fact that workaholism has become a
common phenomenon. The deceased was only one of the
many workaholics who bury themselves in their work and
forget all about their individuality.
Detailed Reading
to death
used after an adjective or a verb to emphasize the action,
state, or feeling mentioned
e.g. worried to death; frightened to death; bored to
death; starve to death; put to death
Detailed Reading
obituary (infml obit) n.
printed notice (e.g. in a newspaper) of a person’s death,
often with a short account of his life and achievements
Detailed Reading
coronary thrombosis obstruction of a coronary artery by
a thrombus, often leading to destruction of heart muscle
（心脏的）冠状动脉血栓症
Detailed Reading
overweight adj. (of people) too heavy and fat
Collocations:
a bit / a little / slightly overweight
e.g. He was tall and slightly overweight.
He’s a bit overweight, not too much.
seriously / heavily overweight (=very overweight)
e.g. Being seriously overweight doubles the risk of
heart disease.
grossly overweight (=extremely overweight)
e.g. The vet said the dog was grossly overweight and
that it was affecting his heart.
be 5 kilos / 20 pounds, etc. overweight
e.g. I’m about 15 pounds overweight right now.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
fat,
overweight,
large,
obese,
chubby,
plump,
flabby,
portly,
Stout,
Fleshy,
Pudgy.
Detailed Reading
Comparison:
fat: having too much flesh on your body. It is rude to
tell someone directly that they are fat.
e.g. She thinks she’s fat.
He looks the same, just a little fatter.
overweight: weighing more than you should. Many
diseases are caused by being overweight.
e.g. She was several kilos overweight.
large: used when saying that someone is tall and often fat.
“Large” is more common than “big” in written English.
e.g. My father was a large man.
two large ladies
Detailed Reading
Comparison:
obese: extremely fat in a way that is unhealthy,
e.g. He went to a summer camp for obese teenagers.
chubby: slightly fat in a nice-looking way (used especially
about babies and children)
e.g. A chubby little baby was playing on the rug.
plump: a woman or child who is plump is slightly fat,
especially in a pleasant way
e.g. Her mother was a plump cheerful woman.
flabby: having soft loose flesh rather than strong muscles
e.g. a flabby stomach
Her body was getting old and flabby.
Detailed Reading
Comparison:
portly: (literary) fat and round — used especially
about an old man
The bishop was a portly middle-aged gentleman.
e.g.
Fleshy: suggests a not necessarily excessive abundance of
flesh;
E.g. Susan quite likes her boyfriend’s firm, fleshy arms.
Stout: is sometimes used a polite term to describe fatness.
In stricter application stout refers to person with a thickset,
bulky figure;
E.g. Even slim girls can become stout matrons.
Pudgy: means short and fat;
E.g His pudgy fingers look really funny.
Detailed Reading
survive v. live longer than sb. else, usually sb. closely
related to you
Practice
那老太太的子女都先她而去世了。
The old lady has survived all her children.
Detailed Reading
lineup n. a line of people that is formed for inspection or
identification阵容
•
•
•
•
Discreetly
at a discreet distance
小心地保持距离
wuss 胆小鬼
Detailed Reading
She had, according to her daughter, given up trying to
compete with his work years ago, when the children
were small. (Paragraph 7)
Paraphrase:
Their daughter said that, when the children were still
small, her father had become a company man and her
mother had given up any attempt to keep him at home.
Detailed Reading
He had no outside “extracurricular interests,” unless,
of course, you think about a monthly golf game that
way. (Paragraph 4)
Paraphrase:
He had dedicated all his time to his work and had no
hobby at all, except that he played a golf game every
month, which cannot be taken as a hobby anyway.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Word Derivation
Phrase Practice
Synonym / Antonym
Writing
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate
phrasal verb or collocation from the text.
1) The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a fatal
died of
disease. Thousands of people in Asia have ________
it in the past two years.
2) Chinese fans often have to ________
stay up
to watch the live
transmission of European football matches.
3) Sometimes I don’t understand Jeremy; he seems to
cares for
have hurt the feelings of everyone who __________
him including his wife.
4) I doubt that they are able to get the problems
__________________
straightened out
before the deadline.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
5) It was curious that the children should have ___________
picked out
their grandparents easily from the old photographs.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
die of: stop living or come to the end of one’s life because
of some disease
e.g. 现在有很多人死于癌症。
Nowadays many people die of cancer.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
stay up: remain awake; not go to bed
e.g. 她答应孩子们可以晚点儿睡，看他们最喜爱的电视
节目。
She promised the children they could stay up for
their favourite TV programme.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
care for: like or love
e.g. 他深深地爱着她。
He cares for her deeply.
Writing
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
straighten out: deal with a problem or a confused situation
and make it better, especially by organizing
things
e.g.
我们会把情况弄清的。
We’ll get the case straightened out.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
pick out: recognize sb. or sth. in a group of people or things
e.g. 很容易从人群中辨认出他，因为他个子很高。
It’s easy to pick him out in a crowd because he
is very tall.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
1) widow n.→ widowed a.
e.g. 她守寡十年了。
She has been a widow for ten years.
一个寡母要抚养四个孩子长大成人确实不易。
It’s really not easy for a widowed mother to
rear up four children.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
2) nerve n. → nervous a. → nerveless a.
e.g. 当赛车手要有胆量。
It takes nerve to be a racing driver.
她胆怯地一笑。
She gave a nervous laugh.
刀子从她那无力的手中落下。
The knife fell from her nerveless fingers.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
3) precise a. →precision n. → precisely adv.
e.g. 那东西正好在她遗落的那个地点找到了。
It was found at the precise spot where she had
left it.
你的报告不够准确。
Your report lacks precision.
那正是我的意思。
That is precisely what I mean.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
4) compete v. → competitive a. → competition n.
e.g. 几家公司正为争取一项合同而互相竞争。
Several companies are competing (against / with
each other) for the contract / to gain the
contract.
我们公司在世界市场上已不占优势。
Our firm is no longer competitive in world
markets.
他获诗歌比赛第一名。
He came first in the poetry competition.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
5) execute v. → execution n.
e.g. 他因叛国罪被处死。
He was executed for treason.
这些计划最终得以实施。
The plans were finally put into execution.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
6) preside v.→ president n. → presidency n.
e.g. 首相主持内阁会议。
The Prime Minister presides at meetings of the
Cabinet.
他被任命为板球俱乐部会长。
He was made president of the cricket club.
他获选连任总统。
He was elected to a second presidency.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
7) marry v. → marital a. → marriage n.
e.g. 哪位牧师来为他们主持婚礼?
Which priest is going to marry them?
拉丽莎40几岁，徐娘半老，爱喝酒，婚姻也不如意。
A fading woman in her 40s, Larisa had both
drinking and marital problems.
她的第一次婚姻维持了五年。
Her first marriage ended after five years.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
8) company n. → accompany v. → companion n.
e.g. 观其友则知其人。
You may know a man by the company he keeps.
我得要求你陪我去一趟警察局。
I must ask you to accompany me to the police
station.
狗是忠实的伙伴。
A dog is a faithful companion.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
1. He worked himself to death, finally and precisely, at
3:00 a.m. Sunday morning.
Synonym: exactly
2. It said that he died of a coronary thrombosis — I think
that was it — but everyone among his friends and
acquaintances knew it instantly.
Synonym: immediately
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
3. He was a perfect Type A, a workaholic, a classic, they
said to each other and shook their heads — and thought
for five or ten minutes about the way they lived.
Antonyms: slacker, idler, loafer
4. He is survived by his wife, Helen, forty-eight years old,
a good woman of no particular marketable skills, who
worked in an office before marrying and mothering.
Synonym: outlived
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
5. In the day and a half before the funeral, he went
around the neighborhood researching his father, asking
the neighbors what he was like. They were
embarrassed.
Synonyms: disconcerted, abashed
6. At the funeral, the sixty-year-old company president
told the forty-eight-year-old widow that the fifty-oneyear-old deceased had meant much to the company
and would be missed and would be hard to replace.
Antonym:
living
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
7. Phil was overweight and nervous and worked too hard.
Antonyms: underweight, slim
8. You could have picked him out in a minute from a
lineup.
Synonym: queue
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Progressive
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
1) Present Perfect
The present perfect expresses an action that is still
going on or that has stopped recently, but still has an
influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.
Use of present perfect
putting emphasis on the result
Example: She has written five letters.
the action that is still going on
Example: School has not started yet.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
the action that has stopped recently
Example: She has cooked dinner.
the finished action that has an influence on the present
Example: I have lost my key.
the action that has taken place once, never or several
times before the moment of speaking
Example: I have never been to Australia.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
2) Present Perfect Progressive
The present perfect progressive expresses an action
that has recently stopped or is still going on. It puts
emphasis on the duration or course of the action.
Use of present perfect progressive
putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action
(not the result)
Example: She has been writing for two hours.
the action that has recently stopped or is still going on
Example: I have been living here since 2001.
the finished action that has an influence on the present
Example: I have been working all afternoon.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
The present perfect progressive focuses on
course of the activity or event which may or may
be finished.
The present perfect focuses on the result of
activity or event, or just the fact that something
been achieved.
the
not
the
has
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
Practice
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:
present perfect or present perfect progressive.
____________________
been playing
1) I’m pleased to say that the team have
_______________
/ have played (play) well all season.
We can use either the present perfect progressive or
the present perfect to talk about the activities or
events that are repeated again and again until now.
_____________________________
been putting / has put
2) In recent years, the company has
(put) a lot of money into developing advanced
technology.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated Skills
Oral Activities
Writing
3) They ___________________
have pulled down (pull) down most of the houses
in this street, but they ___________________
haven’t touched (not touch)
the old shop at the corner yet.
4) I _____________________
have been waiting (wait) for the prices of the
houses to come down, but I think I _____________
have waited (wait)
too long and the prices are beginning to go up again.
5) I __________________
have just picked (just pick) ten pounds of
strawberries! I ____________________________________
have grown / have been growing (grow)
strawberries for years but I _________________
have never had (never
have) such a good crop before.
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6) It was lovely at eleven o’clock, but since then the sky
_____________________________
has been getting / has got (get) steadily darker and the
has been rising / has risen (rise). I’m afraid the
wind _____________________________
has come (come) to an end.
fine spell ___________
We can use either the present perfect progressive or
the present perfect to talk about an action which began
in the past and is still continuing or has just finished.
been (be) a junior clerk for three years.
__________
7) Peter has
Lately he ___________________
has been looking (look) for a better post but so
far he ______________
hasn’t found (not find) anything.
8) Ann ___________
has failed (fail) her driving test three times because
she’s so bad at reversing. But she has
got (get) a bit
________
better at it.
Vocabulary
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Writing
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 我的顶头上司是一个典型的工作狂，一年365天每天工作
10个小时以上。 (workaholic)
A workaholic is a person who works obsessively and
finds it difficult to stop.
My immediate boss is a typical workaholic, for he
works for over ten hours each day all the year round.
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Practice：
许多日本人都是工作狂。
Many Japanese people are workaholics.
他终生醉心于工作，天天从早画到晚。
He was a lifelong workaholic, who painted dawn to
dusk seven days a week.
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2. 校长十分注重课外活动。他认为，课外活动有助于培养
学生对外部世界的浓厚兴趣。 (extracurricular)
Extracurricular activities are the part outside the
regular course of work or studies at a school or
college.
The principal attaches much importance to
extracurricular activities and he believes that they
will help to cultivate students’ tremendous interest in
the external world.
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Practice：
她参加了许多课外活动，如音乐﹑ 运动﹑ 戏剧。
She’s involved in many extracurricular activities,
such as music, sport and drama.
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3. 星期一早上，他总是快速冲个澡，胡乱吃块三明治，接
着赶着搭出租车去上班。 (grab)
To grab sth. means to have or take (sth.), esp. in a
casual or hasty manner.
He always grabs a shower, a sandwich and then a taxi
to go to work every Monday morning.
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Practice：
咱们赶快吃点三明治就去看电视吧。
Let’s grab a quick sandwich and watch TV.
随便找个地方坐，别客气。
Grab a seat and make yourself at home.
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4.既然你要离开公司了，你要在本周内清算账目。
(straighten out)
Since you are leaving the company, you should
straighten out the accounts within the week.
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5.为了按时完成博士论文，他经常熬夜。 (stay up)
He often stays up late at night in order to finish
writing his Ph. D dissertation on time.
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6.没有什么能够取代内心深处最深切的爱。 (replace)
replace sb. / sth.: take the place of (sb. / sth.)
Nothing can replace the profoundest love in one’s
heart of hearts.
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Practice：
机器人逐渐代替了装配线上的工人。
Robots are replacing people on assembly lines.
有什么东西能代替母爱吗?
Can anything replace a mother’s love?
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7. 他被认为是总裁职位的当然人选，因为他已经做了近十
年出色的副总裁。(natural n.)
natural: person considered ideally suited for a role,
a job, an activity, etc.
He is considered a natural for the post of the
president, for he has been an excellent vicepresident for almost ten years.
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Practice：
他是李尔王这一角色的理想人选。
He’s a natural for the role of Lear.
她不用学跑步技巧，她天生就擅长跑步。
She doesn’t have to learn how to run: she’s a natural.
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8.他是在太普通了，丢人堆里根本找不着。 (pick out)
He
is just too common to be picked out from the
crowd.
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Dictation
Cloze
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Writing
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Dictation
You will hear a passage read three times. At the first
reading, you should listen carefully for its general
idea. At the second reading, you are required to write
down the exact words you have just heard (with
proper punctuation). At the third reading, you should
check what you have written down.
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Dictation
Everyone is under some pressure / in the workplace.
/ Some external pressures / can be a positive factor, /
helping us to be more productive. / Some people
actually thrive / under short-term added pressure, /
and our bodies are designed to meet these short-term
demands. / Hormones are released to prepare us / for a
“fight or flight” response / to demanding situations. /
However, excessive and prolonged stress / can take its
toll, / producing a range of physical and emotional
health problems, / which have come to be grouped as
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“work-related stress”. / The experience of stress is
different for every person. / Some people are affected
more than others, / so what is stressful for one person /
may not be stressful for another. / It can depend on
your personality type / and on how you have learned to
respond to pressure.
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Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE
word you think appropriate.
Americans average 25.1 working (1) hours
______ per
person in working age per week, but the Germans average
18.6 hours. The average American works 46.2 weeks per
while the French average 40 weeks per year.
year, (2) ______
less than
Why do western Europeans work so much (3) _____
Americans? Recent work argues that these differences
result (4)
from higher European tax rates, but the vast
_____
empirical labor supply literature suggests that tax rates
can (5) ________
explain only a small amount of the differences in
hours between the U.S. and Europe. Another popular view
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by longis that these differences are explained (6) ____
standing European “culture,” yet Europeans worked more
than Americans as (7) _____
late as the 1960s. We believe that
European labor market regulations, advocated by unions in
declining European industries who argued “work less, work
difference between the
all” explain the bulk of the (8) ___________
U.S. and Europe. These policies do not seem to have
increased employment, but they may have had a more
society-wide (9) ___________
influence on leisure patterns because of
a social multiplier where the returns to leisure increase as
taking longer vacations.
more people are (10) _______
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Read the next part of the sentence carefully since
the two parts have the similar structure.
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Writing
Two simple sentences need a conjunction to link them,
and this conjunction should show a comparison.
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Writing
Before “than”, there should be a comparative adverb in
this comparative construction.
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Writing
Here needs a preposition to collocate with the verb
result.
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After the modal, a verb in its basic form is expected. We
can also get this verb from the next sentence.
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Writing
This sentence uses passive voice, and there should be a
preposition before the object of this passive sentence.
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Writing
Between “as” and “as”, an adjective or adverb is
expected.
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Here a noun is needed and from the former sentences
you can find the answer.
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In this verbal phrase a noun is missing.
Writing
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A verb which can collocate with vacations is needed and
since the tense is the present continuous, the verb
should be -ing participle.
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Making a Dialogue
Having a Discussion and Debate
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Suppose you’re going in for a job interview. Think
what questions the interviewer may ask and how you
would answer them. Role play the situation with a
classmate and simulate the dialogue.
Some possible job interview questions and answers
Question 1
Explain to us, as best you can, why you have applied
for a position in our company? Or why do you think you
might like to work for our company?
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I am very interested in the field your company is in.
Your company has a very good reputation.
Good pay.
Famous.
Good training.
I’ve always wanted to work in this field, and your
company is one of the leaders in this field.
I’ve wanted to work for you since your representative
gave a career talk on campus, and gave me a very good
impression of your organization.
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Question 2
What do you know about our company?
Famous.
Your annual report describes you as ...
My friends in the field say that your company is ...
Question 3
What do you know about the type of work we expect
from you?
What it says in the job advertisement.
Well at first I’d expect to ... Then later, hopefully I
will be promoted and I will ...
I’d expect to carry out the functions of the post, and
be creative and a good team member.
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Question 4
In what way do you feel our company will help you to
use your abilities fully?
I think I will be able to use my inter-personal skills as
a team member ...
I think I will be able to put into practice the skills I
learned at University.
I’m afraid I’m not clear on what exactly your company
offers its employees in this area.
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Question 5
Have you any experience of this type of work?
No.
Well, from my summer working experience I have
teamwork and organizational skills.
No, but I’m sure I will pick up the job very quickly.
Question 6
What qualities do you have?
The qualities that I have learned in my university
career, for example ...
The qualities that you mentioned in the job
advertisement …
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Question 7
We have several applicants for this position. Why do you
think you are the person we should choose?
I have no idea, but I’m sure I’d work hard.
I have the abilities, qualities and experience that
you requested in your job advert, for example ...
Question 8
Why did you choose this course as your field of study?
I chose the course because it would prepare me for
this field, and I believe that this field suits my
personality and strengths, for example ...
My teacher and career counselor recommended it.
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Question 9
How do you see your career developing?
After a few years of gaining experience in the company
and furthering my professional qualifications, I’d like
to put my experience and skills to use in management.
I aim to be promoted within two years, lead a team,
and, when I have enough experience in the field, I will
start my own company.
Well, I expect that after a few years, the management
will promote me when they think that I am ready.
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Question 10
Do you have any particular strengths or weaknesses?
I think I’m good at ...
I think I’m good at ... As for weaknesses, my Chinese
typing speed isn’t very good, and I’m studying to
improve it.
I’m good at ... On the other hand I’m a little bit
lazy.
Sometimes I’m too hard-working and I put myself
under too much pressure to make things perfect.
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Having a Discussion and Debate on the Following Topic
People in the world can be divided into two types — those
who work to live and those who live to work. Which type
do you think Phil is? Which type would you like to be and
why?
Viewpoints
In some sense it is like Shakespeare’s “to be or not to be”,
which is absolutely a complex issue.
Work to Live: Some people work to live. These people
view their work or careers largely as toil because their
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purpose is to earn a living. Their real interests lie
elsewhere, and their work or careers are only means to
an end, not an end in itself. Some of these people try to
cut corners, to gain the maximum pay with the minimum
of effort. Others do indeed take great pride in their work,
and put great effort in doing their jobs well, but their
jobs simply are not the centers of their lives.
Some people agree to the opinion that hard work is all
for the sake of living.
From childhood, people have to study hard so as to
enlarge their knowledge, to improve the quality and to
increase the experience for a social being.
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After they step into the social stage, they work diligently
every day to maintain their jobs, to promote their career
positions and to run their own business successfully.
This state of mind might agree with the majority. The
sweat dropped today is for the sake of tomorrow’s
harvest, in other words, living is the origin and basis of
their work.
They have the belief that the harder they work, the
more the rewards they will get.
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Live to Work: Certain people, it is said, live to work. This
is shorthand for saying that their lives center on their
work or careers, and that achievement in their professions
is a major source of satisfaction and meaning in their lives.
Money may or may not be a major motivation for these
people. In some cases, achieving huge levels of pay (as is
the case with many senior corporate executives, such as
CEOs) is regarded more as a means of keeping score and
proving your relative worth versus other people, than it is
for the money itself.
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Some people take the views that work is the purpose and
ambition of their lives.
They can not imagine how life will be without work. Work
for them is destiny.
In this kind of people’s minds, the destiny has been rooting
in their deep heart, which leads them to work harder and
harder, which encourages them to make consistently brave
and meaningful new tries and which makes them have a
faith to live a worthwhile life.
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Writing
1. Essay writing: Basic Essay Structure
An essay basically consists of three parts: the
introduction, the body, and the conclusion.
Introduction
An introduction is of a deductive nature, as it leads the
reader from the general views or positions on the topic in
question to the specific narrow theme of the essay.
The introduction of an essay is typically no longer than onetenth of its length, and in most cases it consists of one solid
paragraph.
A good introduction may require several elements: 1.
Opening sentences introducing the topic of the essay; 2.
Background information on it (gradually leading to the
aspect of the theme); and 3. Literary techniques to grab
the reader’s attention.
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Body paragraph(s)
The body of an essay may have one or as many paragraphs
as it is necessary to serve the author’s purpose of writing.
It is vital to keep in mind that each paragraph is supposed
to have one main argument to analyze and has to reveal it
in one solid thought in a sentence called the topic
sentence. Therefore the number of the body paragraphs
equals that of the topic sentences.
Each body paragraph must be connected to the following
one with a logical link.
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Conclusion
Usually written in one solid paragraph, the conclusion
sums up the essay’s arguments revealed in the topic
sentences and therefore presents substantial evidence
to prove the thesis statement.
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Writing
Sample: A Three-paragraph Essay
Why King’s College?
It is curious why I have chosen to attend King’s
College which is far from a popularly preferred one.
People are puzzled or even jeer at my decision, and I
know it is their last choice. The reasons that have repelled
other people, however, have drawn me there.
Firstly, King’s College is very small, offering a very
limited choice of subjects for study. Unnaturally, I love KC
exactly for its small size. On the small campus, classes are
easy to get to, and if I have to run to the library, I can get
there quickly. In the same fashion, King’s College is not
popular because it is located in a small town. People tend
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to expect, during their college life, a diversity of extracurricular activities in a college town, like that of Oxford
or Cambridge in the UK. Life must be very simple and
banal here. I love this, though. Most important of all, in a
small town such as this, I can walk anywhere I want to go.
I love this college also because of its low cost and the easy
access to the friendly instructors, which is a virtue of its
small size and unnecessary unpopularity.
I don’t expect that the same reasons may powerfully
draw other people to King’s College, but I’m deeply
convinced that a place of my own fancy may do me very
well.
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Analysis of the Sample
The sample three-paragraph essay is an expansion and
elaboration of the sample of one-paragraph essay for Unit
One. The difference is that the opening sentence has been
turned into an introductory paragraph, the reasons are
grouped in a body paragraph, and the simplistic
concluding sentence is extended into a paragraph.
The opening paragraph presents the fact and makes
reference to the reasons, or states the purpose of this
essay: to explain the reasons why he chooses King’s
College. It is noteworthy that it emphasizes the curiosity
of the choice and the contradiction between his choice
and the popular preference.
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The body paragraph explains the reasons while closely
referring to the contradiction between the popular belief
and his personal choice. The writer firstly describes the
reasons for KC’s unpopularity, and goes on to state that it
is exactly for these reasons that he chooses it.
The concluding paragraph rounds up the essay
reemphasizing the justification of his choice and making a
final reference to the introduction.
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2. Practice
Write one essay on the topic: Will Phones Kill Letter
Writing?
Sample
According to a recent survey made by the China
Daily, about 200 million Chinese are using phones as their
daily communications means instead of writing letters. So
some people say that phones will kill letter writing. But I
don’t think so.
My argument that phones will not kill letter
writing lies in at least three aspects. First, letter writing
as a traditional way of communication still has some
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advantages over phones. For example, if people want to
express something confidential to their close friends, they
will turn to letter writing. Another example is that rural
workers who are working far away from their hometown are
more likely to write letters to their families than to make
phone calls for the purpose of saving money. Second, letter
writing is more authoritative and formal in some way. For
instance, people who are doing business will write formal
business letters to do a deal; people who want to
recommend or introduce someone to someone else will
write letter of recommendation or letter of introduction,
etc. Last but not least, letter writing is still regarded as a
token of friendship among friends. People always write
letters to show their everlasting love and affection.
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All in all, letter writing is still very popular among
people. It is still a good way for people to communicate
with each other and it is impossible to be killed by phones.
Text II
Memorable Quotes
A Lead-in Question
Text
Questions for Discussion
Text II
Memorable Quotes
A Lead-in Question
How important do you think work is to a person?
Tip
workaholic, breadwinner, career ladder, promotion, etc.
Text II
Memorable Quotes
Time to Take It Easy
Workers of the world, relax.
1
Summer is coming, and much of Europe is getting
ready to shut down for business. France spends the whole
of August at the beach. Swedish workers take some of the
five weeks paid holiday that their employers have to give
them. In Spain and Italy, it’s siesta time. People leave
their offices and sleep through the heat of the afternoon,
returning to work in the pleasant cool of the evening.
Text II
Memorable Quotes
2 These relaxing scenes are not repeated everywhere.
People in Britain work the longest hours in Europe. And
people in the United States work the hardest of all
Westerners — just over 49 hours a week for just over 50
weeks a year, on average. And researchers at the US
Government’s Department of Labour recently found that
Americans were taking 16 hours less leisure time a week
compared with twenty years ago.
3
Many Americans are proud of their
“work ethic”.
They point out that the US is the richest and most
powerful country in the world. You can’t make that happen
by lying in bed.
Text II
Memorable Quotes
4
Attitude to work is one of the major differences
between busy Britons and Americans and easygoing
Europeans. And one of the big arguments within the
European Union is over rules governing employment. Should
continentals get busy like the British, or is it time for
the British to relax a bit more?
5
Even Americans are finding time to think about the
issue. “I realized that my future is shorter than my past,”
says Al Gini, a philosophy professor at Loyola University
in Chicago. “I’ve got to take time now because, like it or
not, time will be taken away from me.”
Text II
Memorable Quotes
6
That’s why Professor Gini recently published a book
called The Importance of Being Lazy, a call for his fellow
Americans to learn the fine art of doing nothing. The real
problem, says Professor Gini, is not so much work but the
Western attitude to time.
7 “We have never been comfortable with the idea of free
time. It is not in our nature to just let time pass.
Unstructured time, dead time, downtime, wasted time — it
makes us ill at ease.” If time is not filled with work, he
says, Americans fill it with shopping and sports, or they just
consume the products of the entertainment industry — a
multi-million dollar business whose only purpose is to help
us pass the time when we are not working.
Text II
Memorable Quotes
8
“We should give some time to contemplation, wonder
and the development of ideas,” says Professor Gini. Yet the
idea that time should be spent doing something runs very
deep in Anglo-American culture. Work is not just good for
your bank account. It’s good for your spiritual health, too.
9 That’s not a view taken by British psychologist
Oliver
James. “Large polls of citizens from developed nations find
that they say they are happier than those in developing ones.
But when comparison is made between the different
developed nations, the citizens of the richest are no more
likely to say they are happier than those from the poorest,”
he says.
Text II
Memorable Quotes
10 “When a society reaches the stage of being able to
meet all its citizens’ basic needs, increasing their overall
wealth does not make them happier.”
11 That’s a view supported by a growing
“anti-work”
movement in the US and Britain, a loosely connected
group of campaigners dedicated to the idea that people
should work to live, not live to work. As well as publishing
guides on how to do nothing creatively, these work rebels
organize events like “national phone in sick day”,
encouraging staff to take unofficial days off.
Text II
Memorable Quotes
12
“Imagine how you feel going into work on Monday
morning,” says Brian Dean, who edits the anti-work
magazine Anxiety Culture. “If it makes you feel ill, then
phone in sick.” The message seems to be getting through. In
a recent survey, more than a third of British workers
admitted to pretending to be sick to get time off work.
13
But the anti-work rebels face a problem. People who
work hard often forget to relax. They will have to work hard
at learning to be lazy. Maybe it’s easier just to carry on.
14
“It is something you have to prepare for,” says
Professor Gini. “The importance of being lazy means to not
always be busy with something connected with your job. It’s
about stopping working, doing something you would rather
be doing, or the gentle art of doing ‘nothing’”.
Text II
Memorable Quotes
Workers of the world, relax. (Subtitle)：This slogan is
the title of a book and movie Workers of the World,
Relax: The Simple Economics of Less Industrial Work by
Conrad Schmidt, an internationally known social activist.
He is the founder of Artists Against War in Canada and
the founder of the Work Less Party.
Text II
Memorable Quotes
work ethic (Paragraph 3)：A work ethic is a set of values
based on hard work and diligence. A work ethic may include
being reliable, having initiative or maintaining social skills.
Workers exhibiting a good work ethic in theory (and ideally
in practice) should be selected for better positions, more
responsibility and ultimately promotion.
Text II
Memorable Quotes
continentals (Paragraph 4): Continentals, in this context,
refer to the people of the European Continent, as in
contrast with the British (islanders).
Text II
Memorable Quotes
Al Gini (Paragraph 5): Dr. Gini is an associate professor of
philosophy in the Institute of Industrial Relations at Loyola
University of Chicago. His most recent book is entitled My
Job My Self: Work and the Creation of the Modern Person.
He has also written and produced a play entitled, Working
Ourselves to Death.
Text II
Memorable Quotes
Anglo-American culture (Paragraph 8): English and
American culture
Text II
Memorable Quotes
Oliver James (Paragraph 9): Oliver James (born 1953) is a
clinical psychologist, writer and television documentary
producer. He also frequently broadcasts on radio and acts
as a pundit on television.
Text II
Memorable Quotes
“anti-work” movement (Paragraph 11): The anti-work
movement argues that labor tends to cause unhappiness,
therefore, the quantity of labor ought to be lessened.
The ethic appears to have originated in anarchist circles
and to have come to prominence with essays such as In
Praise of Idleness by Betrand Russell, The Right to Useful
Unemployment by Ivan Illich, and The Abolition of Work
by Bob Black, published in 1985. Paul Lafargue’s The
Right to Be Lazy is one of the most classical works on the
subject (Lafargue was Karl Marx’s son-in-law).
Text II
Memorable Quotes
1. How is much of Europe different from everywhere
else when summer comes?
When summer arrives, much of Europe is ready to lead
a life of idleness. For example, people are ready to
shut down for business, enjoy the beach, paid holiday,
siesta time, comfortable sleep through the heat of the
afternoon, returning to work in the pleasant cool of
the evening.
2. How do Americans justify the fact that they work
hardest of all the Westerners?
They hold that America is the richest and most
powerful country in the world. One cannot make that
happen by lying in bed. As Benjamin Franklin says,
diligence is the mother of good luck and God gives all
things to industry.
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Memorable Quotes
3. Why do we say that the idea that time should be
devoted to doing something is deep-seated in AngloAmerican culture?
Those who believe in work ethnic tend to maintain
that work is good for both material profits and
spiritual health.
4. What is the hard nut for the anti-work rebels to crack?
Those who are accustomed to hard work are most liable
to forget how to relax. They will have to redouble their
efforts to learn to be lazy.
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Memorable Quotes
5. Why do we need some leisurely time in life?
We need some leisurely time in life because we need
sometime to relax ourselves, to contemplate the
worlds inside ourselves and outside ourselves, and
satisfy our peculiar interests.
Text II
Memorable Quotes
The wisdom of a learned man cometh by opportunity of
leisure: and he that hath little business shall become
wise.
— Bible
Text II
Memorable Quotes
What is this life if, full of care,
We have no time to stand and stare.
— W. H. Davie
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Memorable Quotes
Question for Discussion
Why it is important to balance work and life?
Tip
Work-life imbalance is a public-health crisis and a major
drain on our economy.
Stress is having a direct impact on our health, causing
everything from heart disease and memory loss to
infertility and obesity.
It’s a vital issue for businesses, facing escalating
absenteeism and growing challenges with retention and
recruitment.
It’s affecting our home lives as well, wearing on marriages
and affecting the kids. But still, there is resistance to
reeling ourselves in.
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Memorable Quotes
Tip
Technology keeps us constantly tethered to the office,
every evening brings countless commitments and an aging
population means more people are caring for their parents
as well as their kids.
Work has begun to dominate life completely, as personal
lives are tailored to suit professional lives. Relationships,
lifestyles, leisure activities all fall under this domain.
Work and life are not separate entities anymore.
Text II
Memorable Quotes
The Bible is a collection of sacred scripture
of both Judaism and Christianity.
Text II
Memorable Quotes
William Henry Davies or W. H. Davies
(3 July, 1871 – 26 September, 1940)
was a Welsh poet and writer.
Notation (type here)