Muscular system
Level 3
FACTS
 Your Body has over 600 muscles
 Muscle contracts to move bones and body parts
 Muscle makes up approx half your body weight
 Three different types of Muscle
Three types of Muscle
• Heart (cardiac) Muscle
• Involuntary Muscle
• Voluntary
Structure and function of these muscle tissues are very
different and controlled by very different methods
Heart/Cardiac Muscle
• Built in Pacemaker –
Sino-atrial node
• Heartbeat is
involuntary
• Influenced by many
factors – Such as?
These factors change
the nervous system and the
hormones that are
released
Involuntary (Smooth) Muscle
• Found in visceral
organs
(Hollow organs)
• Name three Locations
where you would find
Smooth muscle?
Voluntary (skeletal) Muscle
Tudur Morris !!
• Attached to the
skeleton
• Provides Movement
and Stability
• Striated in
appearance
Voluntary (skeletal) Muscle
Skeletal muscle
is attached to
bones by
tendons
REMEMBER
Ligaments -Bone to Bone
Tendons – Muscle to Bone
Muscle Structure
Muscle type
Muscle Structure
Heart (Cardiac)
Striated and Smooth
Involuntary Muscle
Smooth
Skeletal Muscle
Striated
Muscle Structure
Smooth
Striated
Control Mechanisms
The Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous
System
• Heart (cardiac)
• Involuntary (Smooth)
Central nervous System
• Voluntary (Skeletal)
Structure of Voluntary (Skeletal)
Muscle
• Made up of thousands of fibres
• Inside these fibres – Myofibrils
• Within these Myofibrils muscle contraction takes place
Structure of Voluntary (Skeletal)
Muscle
Proteins in myofibrils
that cause muscle
contraction
• Actin
• Myosin
Activity
• You should now be able to complete the following
table
Muscle
Type
Muscle
Structure
Primary Control
Location
Function Mechanism
of the
muscle
Muscle
Type
Muscle
Structure
Primary
Function
of the
muscle
Control
Mechanism
Location
Heart
Striated and
Smooth
Pumping of Hearts
heart
automatic
nervous
system and
the ANS
In the
heart
Involuntary
Smooth
Vital
organs
Autonomic
nervous
system
(unconsciousl
y)
Blood
vessels
and
Visceral
organs
Skeletal
Striated
Movement
of the body
CNS
(consciously)
Attached
to bones
Muscles of the Body
Pectoralis
Minor
Pectoralis
Major
Flexors
External
Oblique
Rectus
Femoris
Vastus
Medialis
Tibialis
Anterior
Teres
Minor
Trapezius
Infraspinatous
Latissimus
Dorsi
Teres Major
Extensors
Biceps
Brachii
Rectus
Abdominus
Sartorius
Gluteus
Maximus
Vastus
Lateralis
Semitendinosus
Gluteus
Medius
Biceps
Femoris
Semimembranosus
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Muscle Facts
Smallest muscle in the body?
• Stapedius: the muscle that activates the stirrup, the
small bone that sends vibrations from the eardrum to the
inner ear. It measures just 0.05 inch (0.13 centimeter) in
length.
Largest muscle in the body?
• Latissimus dorsi: the large, flat muscle pair that covers
the middle and lower back.
Longest muscle in the body?
• Sartorius: the straplike muscle that runs diagonally from
the waist down across the front of the thigh to the knee.
Muscle Facts
Strongest muscle in the body?
• Gluteus maximus: the muscle pair of the hip that
form most of the flesh of the buttocks.
Fastest-reacting muscle in the body?
• Orbicularis oculi: the muscle that encircles the
eye and closes the eyelid. It contracts in less
than 0.01 second.
Number of muscles used to make a smile?
• Seventeen.
Number of muscles used to make a frown?
• Forty-three.
Test your muscle knowledge
• Click on the link below to see how many
muscles you know!!
• Muscle test
Muscle Movement
• Skeletal muscle has
vast supply of nerve
and blood vessels
• Skeletal muscle is
also termed voluntary
– requires thought
Tendons
• Tough but flexible tissue that
connects muscle to bone
• Skeletal muscle that is
responsible for movement
during sporting activity –
does this by working
together with your bones
The white, cord-like structures
are the tendons in your wrist that
move your fingers
On the Pull!
• Muscles can only pull
• During contractions
muscle pull on bone
to cause movement
• Tendon transmits the
force of MC to the
bone
• Tendons move with
ease as muscles
contracts
Many Factors!!
There are many factors that help produce
MC (muscle contraction).
Can you name three?
Nutrition is often overlooked – the muscles contract and
relax and these cells need chemical energy to work. We
get this from the foods we eat. Carbohydrates are the
main fuel provider for muscle contraction. Minerals are
also essential.
Antagonistic pairs
Prime mover (agonistic)
Antagonistic
• This muscle
determines the
movement of an
action –by
Contracting
• This muscle works
with the prime mover
but creates an
opposing action – by
relaxing
Antagonistic pairs – Bicep Curl
Biceps – Prime mover
Triceps – Antagonistic
Biceps – Antagonistic
Triceps – Prime Mover
Muscle contraction
Three types
• Isometric
• Concentric
• Eccentric
Isometric Contraction
Muscle stays the
same length during
Contraction or when
the activity is being
carried out.
• Name a sport/activity where
isometric contraction
occurs?
Concentric Contraction
This where the
muscle shortens
when performing an
action
• Name a sport/activity where
Concentric contraction
occurs?
Eccentric Contraction
Where the muscle
lengthens under tension –
ends of the muscle move
further away during an
action
• Name a sport/activity where
Eccentric contraction
occurs?
Muscle contractions during rugby
Phase of
Play
Lock after the
scrum has
engaged
Arms after line
out throw
Draw back of
the leg as it
prepares to kick
the ball
Muscle
group
Prime
mover
Contraction
Phase of
Play
Muscle
group
Prime
mover
Contraction
Lock after the
scrum has
engaged
Quads
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
Quadriceps
Isometric
Arms after line
out throw
Triceps
Biceps
Triceps
Concentric
Eccentric
Draw back of
the leg as it
prepares to kick
the ball
Hamstrings
Quadriceps
Hamstrings
Concentric
Eccentric
Muscle Tone
Muscle tissue
never really
relaxes and is in
constant partial
contraction – this
gives muscle its
shape or tone.
Effects of exercise
Activity
• In groups come up with what effects you
think that exercise has on the muscular
system in the short and long term?
Effects of exercise
Short term
• Increase in blood flow to the muscles exercising
– increase demand for O2
• Increase in demand for fuel by the muscles
exercising
• Increase in waste products – such as??
Lactic acid, carbon dioxide
• Increase in body temperature
Effects of exercise
Long term
• Muscles become bigger and stronger – depending on type
of exercise that has been undertaken
6 weeks for changes to be seen –
2 weeks for the changes to be lost if
not maintained
• Size and strength of muscle tissue can increase. This
muscle tissue allows for fast movements to be carried out –
sprint or power type activities (participation in strength type
exercises)
THE END