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Grab a Contrast Sheet Contrast the Patriots v British in regards to Military Use the Textbook 1774-1777 Sends Olive Branch Petition ◦ Asks for peace and end to hostilities. Rejection of attempt at Peace. What was the name of the Peace Document? Hessians arrive in colonies Common Sense by Thomas Paine "Resolved: That these united Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved."‘ June 7 1776 April 1776 July 2, 1776 July 4, 1776 Aug 2, 1776 Loyalists v. Patriots Why would some remain Loyalists while others would be Patriots? England v. Colonies ◦ Advantages ◦ Disadvantages England ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Strongest Navy in World Large Well Trained Army 8 million in population Lots and lots of wealth Continentals ◦ No Navy ◦ Lack of Experience ◦ Lack of Ammo and Weapons Advantages? ◦ Home Turf ◦ George Washington ◦ Founding Fathers Recruitment Enlistment ◦ White Men ◦ Women ◦ African Americans Divide and Conquer Separate colonial regions from each other and conquer each separately Campaigns in the North, Middle and Southern Colonies Campaign – A series of battles with an end goal in mind Places cannon and dummy cannon around Boston Tricks Howe out of Boston Moves to engage in NY 30,000 Troops land in NY Washington Invades Moral very low after loss Had to get morale up Crosses the Delaware Attacks Hessians at Trenton Why Attack Hessians? Grab a Constitution Center Field Trip Permission Form Prepare for Notes 1777 – Gen Horatio Gates defeats Gen Burgoyne Saves separation from New England Colonies. Ends Canadian Invasion plans 265 Ship Armada lands in MD 17000 Troops to march on Philadelphia In between Philadelphia and Howe was GW Howe to meet GW at Battle of Brandywine 1200 American casualties 1900 British casualties September 1777 – Battle of the Clouds Paoli Massacre Battle of Germantown All losses for Colonials Washington's troops weary, low morale Cold, Snowy Winter Transformation occurs Hardships Lafayette Freidrich Von Stueben Marquis de Lafayette and Baron Von Stueben France ◦ Franklin in Paris Spain John Adams in England as Emissary 1777-1781 Hero of Fort Ticonderoga and Battle of Saratoga Planned to surrender fort at West Point NY, for 20000 sterling pounds Became a brigadier general in English army Washington defeats them in New Jersey British invade to capture Philadelphia Capture Philadelphia Washington waits France Sends troops and a Fleet to support Spain sends arms and ammunition Troops arrive Gen. Jean Baptiste de Rochambeau Britain's Plan ◦ Invade South ◦ Loyalists Francis Marion ◦ Guerrilla Warfare Washington and Rochambeau to South De Grasse (French) Stops British Ships Cornwallis Trapped in Yorktown Siege of Yorktown Washington to NY? Cornwallis in Yorktown, Trapped by Lafayette Admiral de Grasse in the Chesapeake Split up Rochambeau, Wayne and Washington to Yorktown 14000 French and American troops 7500 British and Hessian Aug- Oct 1781 Oct 19 Surrender Treaty of Paris – 1783 John Jay, Ben Franklin and John Adams Sept 3 Ratification Independent nation ◦ Territory Withdraw all British Troops from our territory Fishing rights off Canada Merchants can collect Debt Loyalists property returned Home Field Advantage ◦ Ambush Help from other Nations Spirit of the Patriots Boycott Committee of Correspondence Propaganda Quartering Loyalist Patriot Olive Branch Petition Hessian Minuteman Redcoat Lexington and Concord King George III George Washington Bunker Hill Ben Franklin Fort Ticonderoga John and Sam Adams Saratoga Thomas Jefferson John Hancock Yorktown Rochambeau Germantown Friedrich Von Stueben Brandywine John Paul Jones Francis Marion Fort Mifflin Paoli Navigation Acts Proclamation of 1763 Sugar Act 1764 Stamp Act 1765 Declaratory Act 1766 Townshend Acts 1767 Tea Act 1773 Boston Massacre – March 5 1770 Coercive Acts
