TAV Chapter 2
The American Revolution
Section 1
Colonies Fight for their Rights
The French and Indian War
• Struggle over the Ohio River Valley
• 1754, Washington
• Fort Necessity
The Albany Conference
• 7 colonies met w. the leaders of the Iroquois
in Albany, NY in June 1754.
• Iroquois controlled western NY where the
French would have to go to get to the Ohio
River.
• Iroquois promised neutrality
• Albany Plan of Union -Ben Franklin
– Proposed that the colonies form a Fed. Govt.rejected
British Triumph
• 1755, Gen. Edward Braddock was killed in an
ambush about 7 miles from Ft. Duquesne
• Washington was Braddock’s aid
• 1756 fighting erupts in Europe
• Fall of Quebec
• 1763 Treaty of Paris signed
• Britain won but was deep in debt
Proclamation of 1763
• Pontiac was still at war w. GB
• Oct 1763, King George issues the
proclamation
• Fighting w. Pontiac ends late in 1765.
• Oct 10, 1765 GB finally takes control of the
land won during the French and Indian War
– Thomas Sterling
Customs Reforms
• 1763 George Grenville became prime minister
and wanted to stop smuggling in order to
collect taxes on goods being shipped
• End of salutary neglect
• Smugglers to be tried in Nova Scotia
– John Hancock defended by John Adams
Sugar Act 1764
• Aka American Revenue Act
– Sugar, molasses, and other goods
• Began the cry of, “No taxation without
representation.”
• Currency Act of 1764, was to curb inflation
– Banned the use of paper money in the colonies
Stamp Act of 1765
• Taxed printed goods and documents
• Led to the formation of the Sons of Liberty
• Stamp Act Congress
– Declaration of Rights and Grievances
• Boycott
– Nonimportation Agreement
• Repealed in 1766
Townshend Acts
• Revenue Act of 1767
• Glass, lead, and tea
Boston Massacre
• March 5, 1770
Chapter 2 Section 2
THE REVOLUTION BEGINS
The Gaspee Affair
• June 1772 the Gaspee ran aground
The Boston Tea Party
• Dec. 17, 1773
Coercive Acts
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Port Bill
Massachusetts Government Act
Administration of Justice Act
Quartering Act
– 2,000 troops
– Gen. Thomas Gage as Gov. of Massachusetts
Terms
• Minutemen
• Loyalists-Tories
• Patriots
Lexington & Concord
• April 18, 1775
• 700 Redcoats march to Concord to seize rebel
supplies.
• Lexington Green 70 Minutemen stand in the
way
– 8 killed
• GB lost 99 men w. 174 wounded
• Patriots lost 49 w. 46 wounded
Battle of Bunker Hill
• June 17, 1775, British attacked 3 times in
order to finally take the hill
Olive Branch Petition
• July 1775, the Continental Congress sent a
letter to King George III asking to cease the
fighting.
• Attacks on Montreal and Quebec convinced
the King that the colonists were not really
serious about reconciliation.
Common Sense
• Thomas Paine
• Pamphlet that identified the king as a tyrant
• Many who were unsure began to side with the
Patriots after reading Common Sense.
INDEPENDENCE
• July 4, 1776
• Thomas Jefferson
Chapter 2 Section 3
THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE
Numbers
• General Howe had 32,000 troops
• Washington had around 230,000 that served
– No more than around 20,000 at any one time.
• Advantages/Disadvantages
Trenton / Princeton
• Dec. 25, 1776 Washington leads 2,400 men
across the Delaware R. in a surprise attack on
Hessian soldiers.
• Later they attack nearby Princeton
• Retreat for the winter into the hills of New
Jersey
Fall of Philadelphia
• March 1777 the British set up plans to take
out the Continental Congress
• Howe takes Philadelphia but w.out the desired
affects.
• Cont. Army winters in Valley Forge, PA. -2,500
men
• Marquis de Lafayette and Baron Friedrich von
Steuben train Cont. Army
Saratoga
• Oct. 17, 1777 British troops surrender around
5,000 troops
• Led the French to enter the war on the side of
the Americans
• Nathan Hale
• John Paul Jones
– Richard Bonhomme vs Serapis
• Francis Marion
Yorktown
• April 1781, General Cornwallis marched into
Virginia in an attempt to win the war before
more French troops arrived
• Sept 28 Yorktown surrounded
• Oct 19 the British surrendered 8,000 troops
Treaty of Paris 1783
• Signed Sept. 3, 1783
• Nov. 24, the last British troops leave New York
Chapter 2 Section 4
THE WAR CHANGES AMERICAN
SOCIETY
Republic
• People elect others to act in their place
• The people choose their representatives in
Govt.