ET 002 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SYSTEMS 8/23/99 PSU Altoona Components of Computer System Hardware Software Data People Procedures Information Systems 2 Data Hierarchy Bit Byte Field Record File Data Base 0 or 1 (digital / binary) 7-8 bits (one character) Related group of bytes Group of related fields Group of related records Set of related files vs. Data Base Management System (DBMS) 3 4 Computer: Collection of Electronic Devices Run by instructions in its own memory Accepts & processes data, a.k.a. _______ Result: information, a.k.a. ____________ Can store results 5 Information Processing Cycle 6 Information Processing: Main Computer Components 7 Input or Output Device? 8 Central Processing Unit (CPU) 9 Inside the Central Processing Unit (CPU) Power supply Motherboard Network card (CLRC) Modem card (home) Expansion slot SIMMS slot: extra memory Microprocessor chip (Top speed : 450 500 megahertz) RAM (Random Access Memory) Primary main memory; holds info while you use a program Volatile: gone when power goes off ROM (Read Only Memory) - loads operating system at 10 start-up; never lost Measuring Storage Capacity 1,000 bytes KB - kilobyte 1,000,000 bytes MB - megabyte 1,000,000,000 bytes GB - gigabyte (thousand memory locations) (million memory locations) (billion memory locations) 11 Input or Output Devices? 12 Display Device: Screen, Monitor, or CRT Input or Output Device? 13 Auxiliary Storage Device 3 1/2- inch floppy disk = portable storage Floppy drive is called _______ drive Buy formatted double-sided HIGH density floppy disks (2HD) Put labels on (2) Write name on (2) Bring (2) to lab 14 Auxiliary Storage Device: Hard Drive Hard disk drive Usually not portable Hard drive is called _______ drive, usually 15 Organization of Disk Storage: Tracks and Sectors Formatting creates tracks and sectors Floppy disk: 80 tracks per side, 18 sectors per track 16 Auxiliary Storage Device: CD-ROM CD-ROM = _____________ Stores large amounts of prerecorded info Multimedia: text, graphics, audio, animation, video 17 Auxiliary Storage Device: DVD-ROM DVD-ROM = __________________ __________________ Better storage capacity, better video quality than __________________ 18 System Software: (GUI) Operating System Win 95/Win 98/Win NT (GUI) stands for ___________________ Load (boot) operating system into memory Icons = visual cues from storage: Clears RAM Reloads operating system from disk to RAM Cold Start = boot (On) Warm Start = re-boot (Ctrl+Alt+Del) 19 Networks & 208 Force T (LAN, WAN, and WWW) Boot operating system: Penn State (UP) server Loads Local Area Network (LAN) software Machines share printer using local server Wide Area Network (WAN) of PSU locations Connects to World Wide Web (WWW) via PC’s internet browser software, _________________ 20 Applications Software (Microsoft Office 97) Microsoft Word 97 Word processing Microsoft Excel 97 Electronic spreadsheet Microsoft Access 97 Database Microsoft PowerPoint 97 Presentation graphics 21