• ______________
• ______________
• ______________
• Attaches to skeleton via _________,
contracts to move _________
• ___________
• ___________ appearance
• Found on the walls of ________
________ and ________ (stomach,
blood vessels)
• ______________
• _________ appearance
• Forms the walls of the __________
• _____________
• ____________ appearance
• Attach muscle to bone
• Defined as ________ or _________
• When describing attachment sites,
it’s common to state the origin and
insertion of the muscle
• Origin- usually attached to the
________ bone of a joint, typically
not as ________
• Insertion- usually attached to the
more _________ bone and typically
more _________
• Origin: Long Head:
Supraglenoid
tubercle of the
scapula Short Head:
Coracoid process of
scapula
• Insertion: Posterior border of the bicipital
tuberosity
• Muscles pull on bones to create
______________
• Contraction: Origin and insertion
move __________ ___________
• Stretched: Origin and insertion
move _________ from each other
• Prime Mover: Muscle that creates a
________ __________(aka _________)
• Antagonist: _________ muscle
group
• Examples of agonist antagonist
pairs?
• Divided into two categories based
on how quickly they contract
• ________ Twitch
• ________ Twitch
• Relatively large amounts of
___________
• Mitochondria: where __________
metabolism occurs
• More __________ than fast-twitch fibers
• Capillaries: Smallest ________ vessel that
supplies blood to tissues, site of all gas
and nutrient exchanges within
__________________ system
• Contract more slowly than _______
twitch
• Lower ________ outputs, but more
_________ and _________ resistant
than fast twitch fibers
• Subdivided into fast-glycolytic and
fast-oxidative glycolytic fibers
• Type IIX- __________ _____________
• Type IIA- _____ - _______ __________
• ________ amount of mitochondria
• _________ _________ for aerobic
metabolism
• ________ more easily than slow
twitch
• Vast amount of __________ capacity
• Largest and _________ fibers
• Produce the ________ _______of all
skeletal muscle fibers
• Possess speed, fatigue and force
production capabilities somewhere
___________ Type 1 and Type IIX
• Also called __________ fibers
Type 1
Type IIa
Type IIx
Speed of contraction
Force Capacity
Fatigue Resistance
Mitochondrial Content
Low
Low
High
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
High
High
Low
Low
Size
Efficiency
Aerobic Capacity
Low
High
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
High
Low
Low
Anaerobic Capacity
Low
Medium
High
• Typically an equal mixture of fast and
slow twitch fibers
• Influenced by _________, _________,
__________ _________
• _____ play a role in sports
performance
• Power athletes high percentage of
______ twitch, endurance _____ twitch
• Fascia- Thin sheets of __________
tissue membranes – hold ________
fibers in place
• ___________
• ___________
• ___________
_____________
bundles of
muscle fibers
surrounded
by connective
tissue
_____________
Connective
Tissue
surrounding
individual
muscle fibers
____________
outermost layer of
connective tissue
• Muscle fibers are made up of
myofibrils (protein filaments)
composed of a series of repeating
segments called _____________
• Sarcomeres- made up of ____________
(protein filaments) - functional
contracting unit of skeletal muscle –
section between 2 _____________
• Myosin-_______ dark bands called
_____bands
• Actin- _____ light bands called
____bands
A
________
Thick Myofilament
_______
Thin Myofilament
__________
• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)– High
energy _________ molecule used in
muscular ___________
• ______________- A chemical substance
that transmits nerve impulses across
synapses
• Synapse – region of ______________
between neurons
• Acetylcholine- most common
_____________ in the body – located in the
Central and Peripheral Nervous system
• __________- used to expose binding sites
on actin filaments
• Troponin- ___________ muscle
contraction from occurring when a
muscle is at rest
• Explanation of how muscles
produce ________ and ___________
• Myosin and actin filaments _____
past each other shortening the
entire ________ of the sarcomere –
draw Z-Lines closer together
• When _____________ is released from the
Central Nervous System and detected,
____________ is released.
• Calcium exposes __________ sites along
the ________ for the __________ to attach.
• If sufficient ATP is present, crossbridges are formed and the _______ pulls
the ________ toward the center, thereby
shortening the sarcomere.
• Sliding Filament Model