EL subjuntivo #1
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El Subjuntivo Para expresar los deseos y las esperanzas To express wishes, hopes, desires and preferences of someone else's actions • The Subjunctive is a mood and is frequently used to express an action that is desired but isn’t necessarily real or may or may not happen. • The Indicative (present, preterite, imperfect, future…) is used to express actions that are, have or will definitely take place. The subjunctive requires 2 subjects and “que” • The sentence must have a main and a dependent clause. • The verb in the main clause (indicative) calls for the need of the subjuntive in the dependent clause. • The two must be connected by the conjunction “que” ejemplos • Mis padres quieren que yo reciba notas buenas. • My parents want me to get good grades. • Main clause: • Querer in the present expressing want, 1st subject: parents • Que connecting the clauses • Dependent clause: • Recibir in the subjunctive, 2nd subject: yo • Why do we need the subjunctive? • Unfortunately, just because my parents want me to get good grades, that doesn’t mean that I will. • They want = indicative because that is the definite statement of fact. • I get = subjuntive because I may or may not get good grades, this is the unknown. How do we form the subjunctive mood? El Subjuntivo • Start with the Yo form of the present tense • Drop the –o of the first person singular of the present tense • Hablo como vivo • Habl- com- viv- Add opposite endings • -Ar • Er/Ir • • • • • • • • • • • • -e -es -e -emos -éis en -a -as -a -amos -áis -an Hablar 1. Hablo 2. Habl- Comer Como Com- 3. Opposite endings hable coma hables comas hable coma hablemos comamos habléis comáis hablen coman Vivir Vivo Viv- viva vivas viva vivamos viváis vivan Irregular yo forms • Remember there are many verbs with irregular yo forms in the present tense. • ANY change or irregularity in the yo form of the present tense will also carry over into all the conjugations of the subjunctive. • If it is in the yo form of the present tense it is in ALL the forms of the subjunctive Examples • Poner Conocer Traer Yo forms in present tense: Pongo Conozco Traigo To form the subjunctive we must take the yo form, drop the –o and add opposite endings… Pongo Conozco Traigo • Pong- Conozc- Traig- add opposite endings Ponga Pongas Ponga Pongamos Pongáis Pongan Conozca Conozcas Conozca Conozcamos Conozcáis Conozcan Traiga Traigas Traiga Traigamos Traigáis Traigan Irregular yo forms/ go in the yo Verb: Poner Hacer Tener Salir Venir Decir Oír Yo present: pongo hago tengo salgo vengo digo oigo Other irregular yo forms • • • • Conocer Conducir Traducir Construir conozco conduzco traduzco construyo Stem changing verbs • Ar and Er verbs have same stem change in the present subjunctive as they do in the present tense…all forms except nosotros and vosotros (o;ue, e;ie, e;i) • Pensar Perder • • • • • • pierda pierdas pierda perdamos perdáis pierdan Piense Pienses Piense Pensemos Penséis Piensen Ir stem changing verbs • Ir verbs that stem change in the present show the same stem change in the present subjunctive, but will also show a slight change in the nosotros and vosotros forms. Dormir Duerma, duermas, duerma, durmamos, durmáis, duermen Sentir Sienta Sientas Sienta Sintamos Sintáis Sientan Servir Sirva Sirvas Sirva Sirvamos Sirváis Sirvan Irregular present subjunctive verbs • Dar Estar Ir Saber Ser Dar Dé Demos Des Deis Dé den Estar Esté Estemos Estés Estéis esté Estén IR Vaya Vayamos Vayas Vayáis vaya vayan Saber Sepa Sepamos Sepas Sepáis sepa sepan SER Sea Seamos Seas Seáis Sea Sean Practicamos I want my friends to be happy • Yo quiero que mis amigos estén felices. My parents want me to do my homework • Mis padres quieren que hago mi tarea. Our teachers want us to study. • Nuestros profesores quieren que estudiemos.
