– Global II Final Exam is Wednesday, June 3 @
7:30 a.m.
– Test will be in the Gym unless you have been
assigned to a testing room.
–
– What leader was associated with German
Unification, Blood and Iron Policy, The Austro
Prussian War, and the Franco Prussian War,?
***Castle Learning Regents Review due Friday***
• Enlightenment Ideas
– All individuals have NATURAL RIGHTS
– The use of REASON would lead to human
progress.
• Philosophers of the Enlightenment
period believed that SOCIETY could
best be improved by applying REASON
and the LAWS OF NATURE.
• The SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION had a
great influence on the Enlightenment
ideas of NATURAL LAW and REASON.
• The SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION and
the Enlightenment were similar is that
they encouraged the SPREAD OF NEW
IDEAS.
• JOHN LOCKE (wrote
Two Treatises of
Government)
– GOVERNMENTS
SHOULD BE BASED
ON CONSENT OF THE
PEOPLE
– the chief role of
government was to
protect NATURAL
RIGHTS
• ROUSSEAU (wrote The
Social Contract)
– Rulers must follow the
general will of the people
• MONTESQUIEU (wrote
The Spirit of the Laws)
– Separation of powers, 3
branches of government
• VOLTAIRE wrote about
the importance of
Freedom of speech and
religious toleration
• The writings of Jean Jacques ROUSSEAU,
Baron de MONTESQUIEU, and John
LOCKE were similar in that:
– each supported the principles of a
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
– Influenced movements for POLITICAL REFORM
• The writings of the
18th-century French
philosophers Diderot,
Rousseau, and Voltaire
influenced the policies
of the ENLIGHTENED
DESPOTS.
– CATHERINE THE
GREAT = Enlightened
Despot
Other Enlightened Despots
Fredrick the
Great
Maria Theresa
Joseph II
• The Enlightenment, American
Revolution, and French Revolution were
all major influences over LATIN
AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS
• Causes of the French
Revolution
– ENLIGHTENMENT
IDEAS
– The wars and debt of
LOUIS XIV and poor
rule of LOUIS XVI
– INEQUALITIES IN
THE TAX STRUCTURE
– THIRD ESTATE paid
ALL the taxes, First and
Second paid ALMOST
NO taxes
• Inspired other
peoples seeking
democracy and
independence (Latin
American Rev’s)
• ROBESPIERRE and the
Reign of Terror
– After a few years of an
unstable gov’t the
RADICAL JACOBIN
CLUB comes to power
– Robespierre started Reign
of Terror = PURGED AND
VIOLENTLY KILLED his
opponents (antirevolutionaries)
– Reign of Terror ended
with ROBESPIERRE’S
DEATH
• Nationalist leader that
provided STABILITY for the
nation.
• Created codified laws
– NAPOLEONIC CODE
• Expanded the French Empire
(1799-1815) with the
NAPOLEONIC WARS
• Finally defeated in Russia
because of the SEVERE
WINTERS and LARGE SIZE
• The loss at the BATTLE OF
WATERLOO ended the Age of
Napoleon
• Inspired NATIONALISTIC FEELINGS
in countries he conquered
• Followed by the Congress of Vienna
• 1815: treaty signed after the DEFEAT
OF NAPOLEON
• dominated by AUSTRIAN PRINCE
METTERNICH who wanted to restore
power of monarchs
• REDREW THE MAP OF EUROPE
• Tried to establish a BALANCE OF
POWER
• Contributed to the rise of
NATIONALISTIC FEELINGS in
countries who were placed under foreign
control
Before 1945
Armenian
Genocide
Forced
Famine in
the Ukraine
Rape of
Nanking
The
Holocaust
Nuremburg Trials
* showed that leaders
would be held
responsible for war
crimes and genocide
United Nations
Universal Declaration
of Human Rights
(1945):
*Document that
adopted by the U.N.
that sets out the basic
human rights of all
individuals
*Hoped to prevent
genocide and human
rights abuses
After 1945
Cambodian
Genocide
Rwandan
Genocide
Ethnic
Cleansing in
the Balkans
Gassing of
the Kurds