Chapter 18
1. Trace the evolution of religious toleration as a political practice and
assess the factors behind its development from the Reformation through
the Enlightenment.
2. Identify, describe, and discuss the attitudes, observations, achievements,
and accomplishments of "the Scientific Revolution".
3. Identify the basic intellectual concepts affecting the educated in the
eighteenth century and outline the basic intellectual contributions of
Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Blaise Pascal, and Baruch Spinoza.
4. Discuss the important scientific discoveries of the early Enlightenment and
the relationship between science and Enlightenment reform.
5. Discuss the leadership of France in the Enlightenment and the
contributions of the Encyclopedie.
6. Describe the major contributions to economics made by the Physiocrats and
Adam Smith.
7. Discuss the contributions to reform of justice and education emphasizing
the ideas of Beccaria and Rousseau.
8. Discuss the anti-clericalism of the philosophes and their contributions to
religious thought.
9. Discuss the political ideas of Montesquieu and Rousseau.