AP European History
Chapter 8: The Age of the Enlightenment
Pages 295-342
Part 1: Terms
(36) Age of Enlightenment
“idea of progress”
“first cause”
“clock” view of the universe
Pietism
John Wesley Great Awakening
Freemasonry
philosophe
Encyclopédie
Denis Dedirot
Montesquieu
The Spirit of Laws
Voltaire “crush the infamous thing”
Rousseau
Social Contract
Émile
Physiocrats
Quesnay and Turgot
“laissez-faire”
Adam Smith/Wealth of Nations
Condorcet
(37) Enlightened Despotism
Louis XV
taille
vingtiéme (20th)
Maupeou
Louis XVI` royal corvée
Maria Theresa (see earlier chapters)
Count Kaunitz
cameralism Joseph II
Febronianism
Francis II
Frederick the Great (see earlier chapters)
(38) Elizabeth
Catherine the Great
Legislative Commission
Pugachev’s Rebellion
Eastern Question
“Potemkin villages”
(39) “Atlantic Revolution” (Democratic Revolution) or Bourgeois revolution
“king’s friends”
Lord North Dissenters (see earlier chapter)
commonwealthmen parliamentary reformers
borough
Edmund Burke
Act of Union 1801 Regulating Act
Warren Hastings
(40) American Revolution Sugar Act
Stamp Act
Townshend Duties
Quebec Act
Intolerable Acts
Thomas Paine/Common Sense
Declaration of Independence
Battle of Yorktown (outside source)
Federalism
Articles of Confederation
Part 2: Questions
1. Describe/discuss the relationships between 17th century “age of genius” and the
18th century “Age of Enlightenment”. How did the philosophes reflect the
skeptical, rational and scientific spirit of both eras?
2. Discuss the main ideas/themes of Enlightenment thought with respect to a)
science, b) government, c) economic policies, d) religion & e) education. Why
would the attitudes of his age reinforce faith in the idea of progress?
3. How were the ideas of the Enlightenment applied in their respective countries by
a) enlightened monarchs of the Continent, b) the British reform movement & c)
the American revolutionaries? How did the American Revolution transform older
ideas of constitutionalism, federalism and limited government?