Russia/ SOVIET UNION Russia 900-1917 Soviet Union (USSR) 1917-1991 Russia 1991-present Communism A system where the government controls all the factories, farmland, jobs, healthcare – basically everything The symbol for it is the Hammer (factory workers) and the Sickle (farmers) Their slogan is “workers of the world unite together to overthrow capitalism” Gulags (prisons, labor/concentration camps) in Siberia Romanov Tsars are the kings of Russia Romanov is the royal family of Russia Romanov Dynasty ruled Russia for 300 years Tsars: 1. Look at source 2 on p. 99 - How many different people groups lived in Russia? 2. List 3 characteristics of the peasants and the country side (p.100) 3. List 3 characteristics of the Aristocracy 4. List 3 characteristics of people living in the city (p.101) 5. Who were the Capitalists? 6. The Czar ruled Russia as an autocracy - what does that mean? (p.102) 7. List 3 facts about Karl Marx and marxist theory (in the margin on p. 103) 8. So, do you think people wanted to overthrow the Tsar? 9. What do you think the Tsar’s police were always looking for? The Last Russian Tsar Tsar Nicolas Romonov II His daughter Anastasia Grigori Rasputin Peasants (poor landless farmers) : made up 80% of the Russian population City/factory workers: made up 18% of the population Aristocracy: rich landowners who owned most of the land 1% Government workers including secret police 1% Karl Marx writer of the book Communist Manifesto Karl Marx German political writer 1818-1883 Disgusted by the living and working conditions of the poor factory workers Writer of a book entitled the “Communist Manifesto” Ideas included: throughout history there have been class struggles between the rich (bourgeoisie) and the workers (proletariat) said that the rich would always use capitalism to influence lawmakers to write laws to stay in power Said that the PROLETARIAT (workers) of the world need to unite together and have a revolution to overthrow capitalism COMMUNISM will one DAY overthrow Capitalism!!! The communist leaders would then set up a “communist” system where all private ownership would be abolished All factories and farmland would be owned by the state (government) or in common In this system everyone would have a job, adequate housing, healthcare, access to education, in essence be equal Assignment: on the back of the question sheet copy these vocabulary words and answer the 3 questions Autocracy (Autocrat): Rule by one person Okhrana: The Tsar’s secret police Proletariat(workers): factory workers and poor farmers Bourgeoisie: the wealthier people making good money Bolsheviks: communists revolutionaries that were with Vladimir Lenin Soviets: groups of communist workers that organized protests in major cities around Russia 1. Why might Russians not like the Tsar and his form of government? 2. What kinds of people do you think the Okhrana were looking for? 2. Why might Russian peasants and factory workers like the Bolsheviks? 3. What Russians wouldn’t like the Bolsheviks? Closure: Complete these sentences 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. An Autocracy ________________ The proletariat were the _________ The bourgeoisie were the ________ Karl Marx ________ Vladimir Lenin __________ The Bolsheviks ________ Soviets________ Tsar Nicolas Romanov II __________ Vladimir LENIN: leader of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution brought Communism to Russia - The country then became the Soviet Union 1. what was Bloody Sunday? (p. 104) 2. How did the Tsar survive? 3. look at the graphic on page 110 and explain 4 reasons that the Tsar did not survive the 1917 Revolution 4. Read 'An analysis of the Bolshevik Revolution' on p. 115 and explain why the Bolsheviks took control of Russia What happened to Lenin’s older brother? What book influenced his life? Why do you think he got sent to prison in Siberia? Who were the Bolsheviks? What happened to the Czar (Tsar Nicolas II) ? What did Lenin and the Bolsheviks do in November of 1917? What did they name this new country? Russia was then in a civil war – who do you think were the 2 sides? COMMUNISM workers of the world unite to overthrow capitalism Communism: A system of government that controls all the farmland, all the stores, restaurants, the hospitals, schools, housing, etc. No one is homeless, no one is unemployed, no one is without healthcare but no one can own a business so no one is rich Dictionary definition: a system of social organization (or government) in which all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single political party WHY CAPITALISTS HATE COMMUNISM They are going to take away people’s private property (wealth) Businesses restaurants, land, houses, etc.– take away your opportunity to become rich Give a man a fish and he eats for a day Teach a man to fish and he’ll eat for a lifetime Capitalism Is an economic system where the private individuals control the land, business and industry Thereby making profit Proletariat(workers): factory workers and poor farmers Bourgeoisie: the capitalists – people making money 1.Under the Romanov tsars did Russia have a democracy or dictatorship? 2. Why do dictators have so many secret police and spies? 3. What is Siberia known for? 4. What is the % breakdown of the Russian population people groups for this time period? 5. what are Revolutionaries? 6. what happens in a Revolution? 7. What do you think is going to happen to Tsar Nicolas the II? 8. Who killed the Romanov royal family? Finish these sentences Things that Russia is known for are… A Tsar is … A gulag in Siberia…. The Bolsheviks… Karl Marx… Communism… The proletariat… Vladimir Lenin… Capitalism … Communism…. Capitalism Communism Individuals (private citizens) own the companies i.e. people own Apple, Facebook, Nike, Coca Cola, Southwest Airlines, McDonalds, apartment complexes, thousands of acres of farmland, basically everything Private individuals own the housing so people have to pay rent or buy Private citizens own the hospitals or insurance companies so you have to pay for healthcare Many schools are private - Harvard, Stanford, Brophy so students have to pay thousands in tuition Banks loan money so you can borrow “capital” to start your own business and make millions Critics say the rich influence lawmakers to stay rich Capitalism There are Winners (rich) Losers (poor) Probably not fair – but still almost anyone can work hard and do well Think of all the choices in the cereal aisle in an American grocery store – in a communist country (Cuba) there might be only white boxes that read “Corn Flakes” (socialism) The Government controls all the land, mining, transportation, factories, restaurants, hotels, everything workers work for the government Government owns all housing so no one is homeless Government owns all the hospitals – free healthcare Government controls all schools – free tuition No banks, no advertising, no commercials because no one is trying to become rich you can’t own your own company and then create a chain of stores to become rich No one is motivated to become rich so they don’t make thousands of stores – so there aren’t lots of things to buy Communism- Everyone is Equal. Equally Poor Criticism: In communism the government controls everything including the media so it can lie, propagandize and control what people see and hear through the media Also, with no competition it doesn’t have to make a good product because there is no other choice – so communist countries are not known for making good products 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What kinds of people might like the Communism? Who would hate communism? What is bad about capitalism? What is good about communism? True or false – rich landlord farmers controlled thousands of acres of land and millions of peasants did not own their own land Why might landless peasant farmers like the idea of communism? 7. What could be bad about communism? 6. How do farmers get paid in a capitalistic country? How would farmers in a communistic country get paid? Stores Capitalist country Communist country (Cuba) There was little demand for Russian goods Think of different companies that compete against each other My example: What makes each of them try to make a good product 1.What are some problems with communism in general (what sucks about it)? 2. Think of countries that had communism (USSR, China, Cuba, and North Korea) what are some specific things that sucked about living in those countries under communism? 3. What happened to writers or vocal people who openly criticized communism or the communist government? 4. What would happen if a small group of 100 people protested for change in these countries? 5. What might happen if 100,000 people did a demonstration for change in these countries? 6. Why did communist governments have a censored controlled media (newspapers, radio, and TV)? 7. What do you think happened in communist countries where they relaxed censorship and allowed people to watch the news, TV and movies from non-communist countries? Closing Activity: complete these sentences A gulag in Siberia…. The Bolsheviks… Karl Marx… Communism… Vladimir Lenin… Capitalism … A criticism of Capitalism is …. In a comunist country the media… A criticism of Communism is …. Communism pretty much died because…. Vladimir LENIN: leader of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution brought Communism to Russia - The country then became the Soviet Union Bolshevik slogan “Peace, land and bread” What happened to Lenin’s brother? What book did Lenin read that influenced him? Why do you think that he was sent to Siberia? What year was Tsar Nicolas forced to give up his throne? Who do you think was fighting in the Russian civil war? What was Lenin trying to do during his last years? How long did Lenin rule? Why do you think communists from around the world respect Lenin? LENIN STALIN hair 2nd dictator 1st dictator of the Soviet Union ruled 25 years (1928-1953) Ruled for 5 years (1918-1924) Tricky, manipulative and Smart and respected by feared by all in his country communists Industrialized and Led the overthrow and modernized Russia execution of the Czar Ruled and won the Russian Forced starvation on own people Civil War 1918-1920 Secret police killed millions Secret police killed sent millions to Siberia thousands and sent thousands to Siberia Defeated Hitler in W.W.II Highly respected by Some consider him great communists around the because he made Russia a world – thousands of world power statues – body embalmed Others consider him be the and displayed in Moscow most evil man in history bald Finish these sentences Some people think Stalin was good for Russia because…. Posters were everywhere in Russia because… Collectivization is.. Many farmers were killed under Stalin because… Many people starved to death under Stalin because… Collectivization Taking individual family farms away from the owners and making them Government Farms Modernize - Industrialize Modernize: To make and use modern technology Industrialize: to build factories and begin using machines and new technology From this to this Stalin and The USSR defeated Hitler and Nazi Germany in WWII From backward peasants to World Power Totalitarian governments: governments that control all aspects of society Totalitarian governments: governments that control all aspects of society 1 one Political Party or Idea 2. one leader whose picture and statue is everywhere 3. Mass Propaganda: biased or one-sided information constantly spit out by the government 4. Government Controlled Media – newspapers, radio, tv, school books, art 5. Indoctrination (brainwashing) of their doctrines at school and work and on the news 6. Posters promoting the governments’ agenda are everywhere 7. Govt. drives the economy – decides what to make – usually weapons 8. All movies, books, music and art must glorify the governments’ agenda 9. Secret police and spies are everywhere looking for “enemies of the country” 10. prisons, labor camps, reprogramming or “concentration” camps where people are sent to “re-program” their thinking Gulags (prisons, labor/concentration camps) in Siberia Closing Activity: complete these sentences 5 year plans …. Some Russians say Stalin was great because….. Collectivization is….. Farmers in the Ukraine starved because….. The “Purges”…. The “Show Trials” were…… Stalin killed more Russian officers ….. Joseph (Djugashvili) STALIN (man of Steel) STALIN: made Lenin like a god and created the myth that he and Lenin were tight Finish these sentences The Bolsheviks... Vladimir Lenin… A totalitarian country is…. One characteristics of a totalitarian country is…. Propaganda… A Controlled Media… Secret police… Joseph Stalin… Atheist: NO God materialisteverything is “matter” there’s no soul –no heaven-no God AGNOSTIC: Just don’t know Karl Marx had written that “religion is the opiate of the masses” In other words; religion was a drug to make people forget their worldly problems. People need to be stirred up, mad want Revolution Most communists were atheists Believers were heavily persecuted Closed and destroyed churches Thousands of priests sent to concentration camps or shot Brainwashed kids Against the law to teach kids about God Anti- religious posters “Red” weddings/funerals Examples of Soviet Art (Socialist Realism) KGB: Russian spies and secret police CIA: spies from the USA Romanov Tsars: Romanov is the royal family of Russia Tsars are the kings of Russia Finish ges were… these sentences Totalitarian governments: governments that control all aspects of both public and private life Ultra-nationalistic or super committed to one ideology one leader whose posters are everywhere Goals are always to better the country; if you are against that person then you are against the country Expects the people to sacrifice their desires for the good of the country Mass Propaganda: constant biased or one-sided information. No opposing views tolerated (Government Controlled Media) Indoctrination (brainwashing) of their doctrines at school and work All film, literature, music and art must glorify the governments’ agenda Secret police are always looking for people against the government ½ simply disappear the other ½ sent to concentration camps or “reprogamming” labor camps (Gulags) Spies and snitches are everywhere Usually militaristic (training soldiers) and many goals are using military means to gain land Religious or Ethnic persecution