JOINTS OF THE
SKELETAL SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS OF JOINTS
Bind parts of the skeletal system
Allow bone growth
Allow growth of the brain
Allow changes in shape during childbirth
Enable movement
CLASSIFICATION OF
JOINTS
Based On Movement

Synarthrotic—immovable


Amphiarthrotic—slightly movable


Sutures of skull
Distal tibiofibular articulation
Diarthrotic—freely movable

Knee
CLASSIFICATION OF
JOINTS
Based on Construction Materials

Fibrous


Cartilaginous


CT holds bones together (distal tibiofibular joint)
Hyaline or fibrocartilage hold bones together (between
manubrium and first rib)
Synovial

Presence of synovial membrane (knee)
FIBROUS JOINTS
Dense CT holds bones together
Types
Syndesmosis
 Suture
 Gomphosis

(Fibrous)
Syndesmosis
Distal end of tibia and fibula
Amphiarthrotic
Fibrous Joint
Suture
Skull Synarthrotic
Gomphosis
Tooth in its socket
Synarthrotic
CARTILAGINOUS
JOINTS
Synchondrosis
Hyaline cartilage
 Epiphyseal disk (synarthrotic)
 Manubrium-1st rib (synarthrotic)

Symphysis
Fibrocartilage
 Symphysis pubis (amphiarthrotic)
 Intervertebral disk (amphiarthrotic)

Synovial Joint
Diarthrotic—allow free movement
Structurally complex
Consist of:
Articular cartilage
 Joint capsule
 Synovial membrane
 Synovial fluid

SYNOVIAL JOINT
SYNOVIAL JOINTS
PIVOT
BALL and SOCKET
HINGE
CONDYLOID
SADDLE
GLIDING
Pivot: Radio-Ulnar Joint
Between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna. Allows
for pronation (palm turns posterior) and supination (palm turns anterior).
Range of Movement
Abduction-Adduction

Abduction is limited by greater trochanter
hitting acetabulum
Flexion-Extension
Lateral, Medial Rotation
Ball and socket:
Shoulder
Shoulder Movements
Movement in 3 planes:


Abduction - away from the body until vertical.
Adduction -brings arms back toward body.
Rotation
Extensive range comes at the expense of
joint stability.
Rotator cuff muscles--movement and
stabilization of the joint.
Hinge Joint
Cartilage
Condyloid:
Radio-Carpal
Radius: Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral
Wrist Movements
Flexion-Extension
Abduction, Adduction
Articulations involved
Radioulnar
 Intracarpal
 Radiocarpal

Metacarpophalangeal
Joint
Condyloid
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Saddle Joint
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
GLIDING JOINT
Movements
More Movements
Still More Movements