Muscles & Joints Outline
Name: _________________________________________
Part I: Classification of Joints
A. Introduction
a. Joints or articulations are the sites where ___________________________________________.
B. Classification
a. Fill in the table: Joints classified by amount of movement (functional). What term is describe by
the definition below.
Term
Amount of movement allowed
immovable joints
slightly movable joints
freely moveable joints
b. Joints can also be classified by structure as either fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial
i. What are some characteristics of fibrous Joints?
ii. What is a suture and where are they found? Describe their movement as
synarthrotic, diarthrotic or amphiarthrotic. Draw a suture on the skull to
the right.
iii. What is a syndesmosis and where are they found? Describe their movement as
synarthrotic, diarthrotic or amphiarthrotic. Draw in the syndesmosis on the
fibula and tibia to the right.
Fibula
Tibia
iv. What are the only example of gomphoses?
v. What are some characteristics of cartilaginous joints?
vi. What are 3 examples of cartilaginous joints?
vii. Synovial joints are characterized by articulating bones separated by a fluid-containing joint
cavity. They include most of the body’s joints. Describe the general characteristics of
synovial joints and label the structure on the image of the synovial joint on the next page.
1. Articular cartilage:
2. Joint (snovial) cavity:
3. Articular (or joint) capsule:
4. Synovial fluid:
5. Reinforcing ligaments:
6. Nerves:
7. Blood Vessels:
viii. Describe the movement of synovial joints as
synarthrotic, diarthrotic or amphiarthrotic.
ix. What is a bursa?
x. What is a tendon sheath?
xi. What is a “torn” ACL? How does it occur?
xii. What three factors affect joint stability?
Part II: Synovial Joints
A. Every skeletal muscle of the body is attached to bone or other CT at no fewer than two points.
a. What is the origin?
b. What is the insertion?
c. Body movement occurs when muscles?
B. Movement Allowed by Synovial Joints
a. Teachers note: To study this section for the test see “Types of synovial joints” coloring page or
refer to your exercise video (that you haven’t made…yet!)
C. Structural Type of Synovial Joints
a. Under each letter write the names of the synovial joints shown
A: _______________________________
B: _______________________________
C: _______________________________
D: _______________________________
E: _______________________________
F: _______________________________
Outline Part III:
Name: __________________________________________ Date: _____________ Pd: _______
A. Types of Muscle Tissue
1. What are the three different types of muscle tissue? Give an example of each.
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2. Label the different types of muscle tissue. You will need to know all the terms on the right.
3. Compare and contrast tendons and ligaments.
4. When you are eating meat you are actually eating the organisms _______________________________.
5. What is unique about muscle cells in relation to their nuclei?
6. The prefix Myo refers to :__________________________, while the prefix Sarco refers
to:______________________.
7. Label the anatomy of the skeletal muscle. Use the terms: Muscle fiber, Myofilaments, Sarcomere,
and Muscle
8. What are the names of the two major myofilaments (proteins) involved in the contraction and
relaxation of muscle?
9. Muscle contractions require a ton of what molecule? _________________
10. Muscle contractions are stimulated by? ______________________________
11. Use your book to label the parts of the sliding filament model of muscle contraction: sarcomere,
actin (thin filament), myosin (thick filament), Z disc, H zone, I band, A band, M line
12. Describe the VERY BASICS of a muscle contraction. Who are the player and what occurs to cause
the contraction?
13. Why do we get rigamortis?